SOC 134-given practice questions for MT 2

what would be an example of what bruce western calls "deterence"?

A person who refrains from stealing a designer dress when she realizes she would end up paying more in legal fines than the cost of the dress if she got caught

Why might immigrant women be more prone to become the repeated victims of intimate partner violence than native-born American women?

A woman's risk of partner abuse increases the more isolated she is from the wider society, and immigrant women are perhaps the most isolated in America; many abuse programs and shelters are located in nonimmigrant neighborhoods.

When we say that interactions operate at the "mezzanine level of social structure," what does that mean?

Interactions between people and the styles of interactions others observe of people in groups are patterned, reflect social structure, and are sometimes generalized into racial assumptions.

Although the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was largely a white Protestant movement, formed with the explicit purpose of promoting racial and ethnic conflict, it wasn't the only one. Another example the textbook gives is ____ associations established to wage battle with _____ ones.

Irish and Italian

After George Zimmerman shot and killed Trayvon Martin in 2012, the police did not arrest him because of the Stand Your Ground law. What was the supposed purpose of this law?

It gave people the right to defend themselves against someone they perceived as a threat

When an individual is the victim of a hate crime, how does that crime typically impact the larger racial and ethnic community of which he or she is a part?

It puts community members on notice by making them aware that there are people out there who want to hurt them.

Jasper, a young black man, gets by as a low level drug dealer. what can we likely conclude about his income and hours worked?

Jasper probably makes close-to or less-than minimum wage, with hours that add up to only part-time work.

In the early twentieth century, Marcus Garvey advocated a black nationalism movement that can be described as:

a movement seeking power for blacks in the form of black-owned businesses and a black run government and military

according to kenneth clark, for some inner city African American and latina women, an out of wedlock birth is

a symbol of their womanhood

which group was represented as "public enemy number one?"

arabs

Because many American Indians are married to non-American Indians, they often find themselves looking through the cultural lens of their partners and expanding their perspective. This type of emotional work is called

cultural labor

which group has a higher change of imprisonment than white men

latino man

contrary to popular belief, social scientific evidence has shown that immigranst

make america safer

The mastermind and primary spokesperson for the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) was

marcus garvey

African American fraternal lodges and federations (such as the Masons):

nurtured African American solidarity and supported many instances of civil rights advocacy

Sheila is a black executive at a company that is almost entirely all-white. She jokes with her mother that when she goes to work she "checks her blackness at the door." Erving Goffman might say that at work she is her _________ self.

front stage

noting that being from the inner city, the suburbs, or a rural area is acknowledging the importance of ______ as a part of individual identity

geography

When sociologist Heather Dalmage, a white woman married to a black man, writes that "I no longer take white privilege for granted" because of her experiences, she is specifically referencing:

her experience of being victimized by interpersonal and institutional racism

data from online showed that a group of women most likely to exclude men from their own racial category as potential mates were

heterosexual asian women

why is black marriage twice as likely to end in divorce as whites?

high levels of poverty and high incarceration rates can strain marriage, causing conflicts over time

On one hand, racial tourism can denaturalize racial categories and provide people with a kind of racial freedom that offline life does not permit. On the other hand, too often racial tourism:

reinforces racial divides through stereotypes

in the 1960s when politicians mentioned cleaning up "violence in the streets" to what were they referring to?

riots and civil disobedience by civil rights protesters

one claim about "new black nativism" a practice of limiting entry into the ranks of being black in america is

that it is responsible for a tendency to define blackness in mostly negative terms (for example, as opposed to being white)

Sandy, a 19-year-old college student, was initially drawn into and became a member of the white nationalist movement through its Internet site, a professional-looking page that seemed to contain accurate historical summaries of the Civil Rights Movement. Sandy's story demonstrates:

that while white nationalist groups attempt to appeal to a broad white audience, their Internet presence aims to draw in young, college-aged men and women

A form of black communication style involves indirect questioning and acknowledgement of information. For example, Sharon offhandedly and jokingly comments about her sister Dee's weight gain rather than asking Dee outright if she is pregnant. This communication style is called

signifying

Alabama did not remove language from its state constitution prohibiting interracial marriage until 2000. Though not legally binding, the language operated as a powerful

symbol

the influence of race and economic class in predicting the probability of serving time in prison is best illistrated by

the increased probability that a black man born after the civil rights movement would end up incarcerated at some point in his lifetime

what were the two important institutions that arose to control and confine nonwhites

the lynch mob and prisons

A white woman is driving through an unfamiliar neighborhood and becomes frightened when she sees black people on the street corner waving and gesticulating at her. They are trying to signal to her that she is going the wrong way on a one way street, but she thinks they are threatening her. What dynamic does this example display best?

the need for vigilant reflexivity when it comes to cross-racial communication

The "cool pose" of many young black men; the overt sexism and machismo of some Latino young men; and the in-your-face sexual bravado of some young white fraternity brothers are all examples of:

the ways in which performances of masculinity vary by race

what is one reason why sociologists believe immigrants may commit less crime?

their neighborhood often have codes of informal social control

Because of many factors—including, but not limited to, the history of male and female roles under slavery and the interaction patterns between men and women in families—black men and women tend to differ in their views of gender roles and expectations. In terms of the meaning of race and/or gender in understanding this difference, we might say that:

to fully appreciate the nuance of these differences, we have to take into account both gendered and racial aspects of identity

what is one way that the "code of the street" is supported by mainstream coorportations

when designers use street style to sell

most people arrested in the US are of what racial-ethnic background?

white

In 2008, Bernie Madoff, a former Wall Street broker, committed an elaborate Ponzi scheme and was found guilty of making fraudulent investments totaling over $60 billion. What is this type of crime called?

white collar crime

when comparing white-collar to violent street crime, we might conclude that

white collar crimes potentially damage society as a much or more than violent crimes because they cost society billions of dollars per year and even result in more deaths and injuries

because we often don't know a person's racial identity online, many internet users come to regard _______ as the virtual norm

whiteness

the biggest increase in specific prison population occured between 1980 and 2011. this represented a 587% increase in number of _____?

women

Andi, a twenty-three-year old white woman, hesitated to introduce her African American boyfriend to her parents, who are both white. All of her friends from college have already met her boyfriend. According to the textbook, what might this decision say about attitudes toward interracial dating?

younger people tend to be more accepting of interracial dating than older people

black women are the least likely group in america to marry. some even say rates as low as

1 in 3 black women will marry

Kathleen Blee conducted research on women who were involved in white supremacist groups and found that most:

1. middle class 2. had college educations 3. gainfully employed

How did the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) change during the twentieth century?

Black women organized and helped transform the YWCA from a racially segregates organization into one that prioritized racial justice

how do the prejudices that are part of the ideologies of hate groups compare to the prejudices that come up as everyday life in modern American Society

The prejudiced ideologies of hate groups represent a racist philosophy bent on conspiracies and the demonization of minorities.

Which of the following did Edward Morris find in his ethnography of white students in a majority black school in Texas?

The white students used the term "white" to insult one another for personality traits such as being nerdy.

Sociologist Daniel Bell argues the digital divide is rapidly creating a gulf between the technical class, composed predominantly of _____, and the digital underclass, composed primarily of _____.

WHITES&ASIANS African&hispanics

white nationalism borrows its ideals from what two concepts?

borrows much of its ideals from black nationalism and the civil rights movement

the "ghetto pass" in Ice Cube's song "true to the game" is

an implied right to authentic blackness that can be taking away if one acts outside racial norms

When people examine the overlap of their own intersecting identities, they may be likely to overlook the impact of their privileged identities, as described in which of the following examples?

an upper-middle class black women who minimize the role of her economic position

When an adolescent takes on a nonwhite symbolic identity that is not recognized as authentic by all of his or her peers, the adolescent may:

be criticized by whites and nonwhites alike and have a hard time integrating with peers in general

Which of the following is an accurate explanation for why homosexuality is viewed by some African Americans as a predominantly "white" phenomenon?

because the social construction of black sexuality precludes the possibility of homosexuality

When boxer Mike Tyson was accused of raping Desiree Washington, a young black woman, many prominent African Americans, eager to quash the "black male rapist" trope, rushed to Tyson's side. This situation is an example of what?

black protectionism

which one of the primary concerns of US voters during the mid 1960s

civil rights

some conservatives politicians reacted to the Boston Marathon bombings by calling for a freeze on immigration reform. Which belief does this behavior reinforce?

immigrants make the country less safe

During the early-to-mid-twentieth century, labor unions largely remained racially homogenous, white-dominated, and exclusionary. When they did promote integration, as early as the late 1800s through the Civil Rights Movement, an advantage of this integration was that:

integrated labor unions helped challenge the dominant stereotype of blacks, Hispanics, and other people of color as "strikebreakers"

white and blacks may occupy the same geographic space, but not the same _____ space?

interactional

in the 1960s, politicians began what has come to be the "war on drugs". what was a result of this during the 1970s?

potential race rioters were arrested

Online, an Arab American man can pass as a white woman, just as a white woman can pass as a Native American teenager. These virtual associations encourage a form of:

racial tourism

Because of how out-of-wedlock birthrates are calculated, what would the impact be on out-of-wedlock birthrates if the number of children born to unmarried black women stayed the same but the number of children born to married black women increased?

rates of out of wedlock birth would decrease

The Internet was used effectively to extend the reach of the Hawaiian language revitalization movement, demonstrating that:

the Internet can be a useful tool for building community and providing avenues for people to communicate in their language and redeem interest in and use of that language

what is true about hate groups in the US?

the US has experienced a recent resurgence of hate groups

As Michael Tonry writes in Malign Neglect, "Through [the twentieth century] in periods of high intolerance of drug use, minority group stereotypes have been associated with deviant drug use." What would be an example of this phenomenon?

the association of the Chinese with opium dens during the early twentieth century

Marcus Garvey's ethnic chauvinism is best described as

the belief in the superiority of one's racial or ethnic group

The process of immigration can be a great stressor for families coming to the United States. For example, in the United States, Hmong kinship networks of extended family relationships are limited as Hmong people are expected to adopt the nuclear family model. This pressure demonstrates that

the definition of family is not the same across racial-ethnic groups, and the expectation can take a toll on families

Allison, a young African American mother of three, wants to move out of her predominantly black neighborhood because, as she tells people, "It is safer to raise my children in the suburbs." Allison's notions about her neighborhood safety are not matched by arrest rates for her current neighborhood versus the suburb where she desires to move, where violent crime is 30 percent more likely. Allison's reactions demonstrate:

the fear of crime stemming from racial stereotypes does not just impact whites as people in the stereotyped racial and ethnic group can internalize the fears as well

according to the textbook, what is the relationship between social attitudes about interracial marriage and "what about the children"

the question is positioned as a rationalization for being opposed to interracial marriages and comes frequent as a way to package that disapproval without being forthright

A beauty product marketed to Asian American women with the intent of "lightening" their skin represents:

the racialization of asian femininity toward white standards

couples who are dissimilar from one another may have a lower prob. of staying together. black couples show greater spousal dissimilarity than nonblack couples. One reason for this may be that:

the small size of the marriage pool for blacks limits choices for potential mates, increasing the chance of imcompatibility

When a native-born, third-generation Chinese American woman encounters repeated interactions with others where she is asked, "Where are you originally from?," what aspects of her identity are being highlighted?

the way native born asian americans remain in a positioned symbollically ties to an assumed immigrant status

When people argue that race is marked, or socially constructed, what are they referring to?

the way race "imposes itself on you" through America's racial taxonomy