SOC 201 Chapter 1-5 NOVA

On average, a U.S. household has at least one television turned on for how many hours a day?

8

Gerhard Lenski claims that the development of more complex technology:

According to Lenski, the term "sociocultural evolution" refers to

Jean Piaget's focus was on:

Cognition, or how people think and understand.

__________ are rules about everyday, casual living; __________ are rules with great moral significance

Folkways; mores

The sociologist who called on his colleagues to be value free was:

Max Weber.

_____ is a way of understanding the world based on science.

Positivism

Based on the text's survey of the life course, you might conclude that:

There are cultural inconsistencies in this stage when people are no longer children but not yet adults.

Which German word meaning "understanding" was used by Max Weber in describing his approach to sociological research?

Verstehen.

Mead considered the "generalized other" to be:

Widespread cultural norms and values used in evaluating ourselves.

theoretical approach

a basic image os society that guides thinking and research

variable

a concept whose value charges from case to case

concept

a mental construct that represents some aspect of the world in a simplest form

Critical sociology can best be described as a(n) ________ approach.

activist

It would be correct to say that Durkheim thought of society as:

an objective reality.

social structure

any relatively stable pattern of social behavior

Key values of U.S. culture:

are sometimes in conflict with one another.

tradition

beliefs that pass down from one generation to the next

Making use of the sociological perspective encourages:

challenging commonly held beliefs.

According to Lenski, the term "sociocultural evolution" refers to

changes that occur as a society acquires new technology.

In making judgments about how society should be improved, the ________ approach in sociology rejects Max Weber's goal that researchers be value-free.

critical

Subculture refers to:

cultural patterns that set off a part of a society's population.

Karl Marx

describes how societies change because of social conflict

Genhard Lenski

describes how societies changes because of technology

alienation

experience pf isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness

To evaluate a theory, sociologists:

gather data or facts.

The United States falls within which category of the world's nations?

high-income nations

The first type of society to generate a material surplus is

horticultural and pastoral.

In Mead's model, which sequence correctly orders stages of the developing self?

imitation, play, game, generalized other

In historical perspective, the importance of the mass media to the socialization process has:

increased over time

The birth of the discipline of sociology took place during the development of which type of society?

industrial

Cultural change is set in motion in three general ways. What are they?

invention, discovery, and diffusion

Karl Marx considered capitalism to be _____, but Max Weber argued that capitalism was very _____.

irrational; rational

A researcher doing participant observation may "break in" to a setting more easily

key informant.

socialization

lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

According to Emile Durkheim, a category of people with a higher suicide rate typically has:

lower social integration

The focus of Lawrence Kohlberg's research was:

moral reasoning

The United States is the most _______ of all countries

multicultural

Thinking about how patterns of child-rearing vary by class, lower-class parents generally stress _____, while well-to-do parents typically stress _____.

obedience; creativity

William Foote Whyte's study of Cornerville (Street Corner Society) used which sociological research method?

participant observation

Cultural transmission refers to the process of:

passing cultural patterns from one generation to another

Cultural integration refers to the fact that:

passing cultural patterns from one generation to another.

The social-conflict approach draws attention to:

patterns of social inequality.

capitalist

people who own and operate factories and other businesses in pursuit of profit

proletarians

people who sell their labor for wages

W.E.B. Du Bois claimed that _____ was the major problem facing the United States during the twentieth century.

race

Among all forms of life, humans stand out as the only species that:

relies on culture to ensure survival.

The driving force of social change, according to Marx, is:

social conflict between classes

Mead placed the origin of the self in:

social experience

Which of the following concepts refers to people who interact in a defined territory and who share a culture?

society

Max Weber

society defined by ideas/mode of thinking

Emile Durkiem

society defined by type of solidarity

The theoretical approach in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the:

structural-functional approach.

The main characteristic of the _____ approach is its view of society as orderly and stable.

structural-functional.

Gerhard Lenski claimed that which of the following has the greatest power to shape a society?

technology

social functions

the consequences of a social pattern for the operation of society as a whole

Qualitative research has special appeal to investigators who favor which theoretical approach?

the symbolic-interaction approach

A statement of how and why specific facts are related is called a:

theory

A positivist approach assumes that reality exists "out there."

true

Gender blindness is the problem of failing to consider the importance of gender in sociological research.

true

Natural scientists often have an easier time than social scientists in identifying cause-and-effect relationships.

true

culture

way of life. culture shaped by members of a society. Culture shapes how we act, think, and feel, Culture is a human trait. product of evolution.