SOC 331 W3 QUIZ
Counting the number of articles devoted to women's anxiety in women's magazines in 1930, 1950, 1970, and 1990 is an example of:
- A content analysis
To establish concurrent validity, a researcher must include which of the following in a survey that includes a new index of depression:
- A previously validated measure of depression
When conducting a survey, researchers may often create two versions of the questionnaire. They may vary the order of the questions or slight wording of the questions. They then divide the sample into two equal sub-samples and administer each version. When surveys are collected, answers on the two different questionnaires are compared to determine:
- Alternate-forms reliability
Which of the following sequences illustrates the progression of measurement steps in a fully structured scientific study?
- Conceptualization, nominal definition, operational definition, and measurements in the real world
Construct validity measures how well something is measured in comparison with:
- Dimensions of a theoretical concept
Which of the following is an example of a variable measured at the ordinal level of measurement?
- E All of the above are measured at the ordinal level
Which of the following is true about indexes but false about scales?
- Interview transcripts
Measuring how people feel about proposed income tax hikes when you really want to know how well informed they are on the proposal is a problem of operationalization concerning:
- The specific dimensions of the variable to be studied
Sarah has compiled a list of 40 indicators of prejudice and its dimensions. She finds that women are more prejudiced than men on some of the indicators but not on others. Sarah should:
- check to see if the two sent of indicators represent different dimensions of prejudice
Which of the following is NOT a means of assessing the reliability of measuring devices?
- construct-correlation
Because low marital satisfaction should lead to divorce, Professor Rogers checked his measure of marital satisfaction by examining whether couples with low marital satisfaction scores later obtained divorces and those with high levels of marital satisfaction remained married. This illustrates the use of:
- criterion-related validity
A nominal definition:
- is a statement that assigns a definition to a concept
A complete conceptualization involves:
- specifying dimensions and identifying the various indicators of each dimension
A scale is an index in which different items are given different weights.
--TRUE
Predictive validity occurs when:
-A measure can predict scores on a criterion measured in the past.
Which of the following is considered a form of new social media?
-ALL OF THE ABOVE (BUT WHO GIVES A ****)
When conducting a survey, researchers may often create two versions of the questionnaire. They may vary the order of the questions or slight wording of the questions. They then divide the sample into two equal sub-samples and administer each version. When surveys are collected, answers on the two different questionnaires are compared to determine:
-Alternate-forms reliability
Questions that allow a respondent to select from a predetermined set of responses are called:
-BOTH A & B (OPEN AND CLOSED ENDED Q'S)
What is wrong with the following question's response categories: How often to you attend live music concerts: never, 1-2 times per week, 2-5 times per week, 5 or more times per week.
-Both a and b (NOT MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE/NOT A NUMERICAL LEVEL OF MEASUREMENT)
Professor Tyler wrote a proposal to study the impact of authoritarianism on child rearing practices. She began her research by reviewing the meaning of authoritarianism. Based on this review, she formulated her own definition of authoritarianism. This process illustrates:
-CONCEPTUALIZATION
When researchers use multiple items to measure a single concept, they hope for high levels of consistent responses on these items. If they achieve this sort of internal consistence, they have achieved:
-INTER-ITEM RELIABILITY
Which of the following would not be analyzed using content analysis?
-INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTS
A nominal definition:
-IS A STATEMENT THAT ASSIGNS A DEFINITION TO A CONEPT
Inter-observer reliability occurs when different observers:
-Measure the same phenomena in the same way
A measure of religiosity that is extremely consistent, but is actually targeting the respondent's political affiliation could be considered:
-NOT VALID, BUT RELIABLE
Professor Smith gave an exam on Monday. On Wednesday Smith gave the same class the same exam. Professor Smith was clearly interested in assessing the exam's:
-RELIABILITY
Jeremy can't decide whether he should ask people whether they "very strongly agree," "agree," "disagree, "very strongly disagree" or whether they simply "agree" or "disagree" with statements about the war in Iraq. Jeremy is dealing with the problem of:
-THE RANGE OF VARIATION
Which of the following is an example of a variable measured at the interval level of measurement?
-Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit
Reliability refers to which of the following?
-That a measure yields consistent scores
A researcher entering gender data collected from a mailed survey is working with
-indirect observables
A measurement of personality that produces observable, correct results, but that are not consistent would be considered
-valid, but not reliable
The specification of concepts in scientific inquiry depends on:
?
What is wrong with the following question's response categories: How often to you attend live music concerts: never, 1-2 times per week, 2-5 times per week, 5 or more times per week.
Both A and B (?)
Scott defines "minority owned" in his study of businesses in Northeastern City as being those businesses that are currently owned by women or African Americans. What has he done?
CONCEPTUALIZATION
Dr. Ross is looking to examine if the indicators that make up her measurement of romantic attraction are truly related to one another and make for an accurate representation of the variable she is researching. What sort of validity is she examining?
CONSTRUCT VALIDITY
John wants to analyze how female characters are portrayed in various cartoon shows. What type of analysis would John most likely employ?
CONTENT ANALYSIS
Professor Miller argues that there are three dimensions to the quality of a relationship (belonging/affirmation, interdependence, and intimacy). Miller designed an instrument to measure quality of a relationship. She notices that no items in the instrument tap the intimacy dimension. Her measure lacks:
CONTENT VALIDITY
Hudson et al. developed a series of questions to examine sexual attitudes (SAS). The SAS scores of religious fundamentalists, a group believed to be conservative regarding sexual expression, were compared with the scores of social work graduate students, a group believed to be liberal regarding sexual expression. The researchers were examining the instrument's:
CRITERION-VALIDITY
Professor Salton created the categories of less than 20 hours, 20 hours to 40 hours, 40 hours to 60 hours, and 60 hours or more for the variable "number of hours employed outside the home." Salton's scheme is:
EXHAUSTIVE
A nominal measure can have only two categories.
FALSE
Age in years is a good example of a nominal level of measurement.
FALSE
Concepts have meanings that are understood well by almost all members of a population.
FALSE
Conceptualization is the development of research procedures that will result in empirical observations representing those concepts in the real world.
FALSE
If a measure is reliable, it must also be valid.
FALSE
If unsure as a researcher how specific a measurement needs to be, it is best to be more general to simplify data collection.
FALSE
It is impossible to have several indicators of only one concept.
FALSE
NUMBER OF ARRESTS WOULD BE AN EXAMPLE OF AN INTERVAL MEASUREMNT
FALSE
Numbers assigned to ranks on an ordinal scale can legitimately be added, multiplied, subtracted, and divided.
FALSE
One only need a nominal definition of a concept before beginning the process of data collection
FALSE
Operationalization is the process of defining what exactly a researcher means by a key concept.
FALSE
Precision and accuracy are synonyms.
FALSE
Samples of individuals who use social media such as Facebook are representative of the whole population.
FALSE
Textual analysis is a research method for systematically analyzing and making inferences from text.
FALSE
The ordinal level of measurement has the highest mathematical precision.
FALSE
Whether the SAT can accurately predict college GPA is a question of its concurrent validity.
FALSE
The observation that acts as a bridge between what we can measure and what we cannot (constructs) is known as a(n)?
INDICATOR
What is the lowest level of measurement in which there is an exact difference between attribute values?
INTERVAL
What is wrong with the following question's response categories: How often to you attend live music concerts: never, 1-2 times per week, 2-5 times per week, 5 or more times per week.
INTERVAL
Which of the following is an example of a variable measured at the nominal level of measurement?
Location in which respondent was born
The General Social Survey only asked currently married people about their marital happiness. Thus, in any study of marital happiness using GSS data, what must be a constant?
MARITAL STATUS
Which of the following is a synonym for the social scientific meaning of the work "operation"?
MEASUREMENT
Conceptions are:
MENTAL IMAGES
Classifying someone as employed or not employed treats employment as:
NOMINAL VARIABLE
The variable educational level was measured as last year in school completed (i.e., none, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, grades, etc.). It is, therefore, measured at the level.
RATIO
Which level of measurement is the most mathematically precise?
RATIO
When we fall into the trap of believing that terms have real meanings we are guilty of:
REIFICATION
Using more than one measure of the same variable, such as using a survey and direct observation, is known as:
TRIANGULATION
A scale is an index in which different items are given different weights.
TRUE
Changing definitions almost inevitably results in different descriptive conclusions.
TRUE
Codes can be created by using key words from the text that is being analyzed.
TRUE
Definitions are more problematic for descriptive research than for explanatory research.
TRUE
Inter-item reliability should occur when using multiple indicators of a single concept.
TRUE
It is impossible to have several indicators of only one concept.
TRUE
Precise measurement is more important than accurate measurement.
TRUE
The split-half technique for assessing reliability is closely linked to concept of the interchangeability of indicators
TRUE
Using archived (preexisting) data is a type of unobtrusive measure.
TRUE
Validity refers to the link between the operational and conceptual definitions.
TRUE
definitions almost inevitably results in different descriptive conclusions. -TRUE
TRUE
Professor Myth asked respondents whether or not they had ever been divorced. One year later Professor Myth asked the same respondents the same question. Myth found that with repeated applications of the measure different responses were obtained for the same respondent. This means that the measuring instrument was:
Unreliable or the value on the variable had changed
Most social scientists would not accept the conceptualization of prejudice as foot size because such a measurement lacks:
VALIDITY
When researchers measure an unchanging phenomenon at two different times, the degree to which the two measurements are related is called
YES-RETEST RELIABILITY
Professor Spence decided to define socioeconomic status as a combination of income and education. Spence then determined the questions to be asked in a survey and the categories of responses. Spence was assigning socioeconomic status:
a nominal and an operational definition
Age, gender, authoritarianism, depression, and safety are all examples of:
concepts
Verifying the validity of a measurement using an outside source of information, such as SAT scores or GPA when examining a measure of academic performance is using:
criterion-related validity
An open-ended question is designed with explicit response choices.
false
Which of the following is an example of a variable measured at the ratio level of measurement?
income in dollars
Which of the following is not a type of unobtrusive measure?
indexes
A researcher entering gender data collected from a mailed survey is working with
indirect observables
A survey question asking voters which political party they are affiliated with (Democrat, Republican, Independent) would be considered:
mutually exclussive
Professor Tilton measured the variable "feelings toward drafting women" with the categories strongly agree, agree, indifferent, disagree, and strongly disagree. Professor Tilton was using the level of measurement.
ordinal
Shipley developed a NEW test to measure IQ. Using his test, someone with an IQ of 180 would be considered twice as intelligent as someone with an IQ of 90 and someone with an IQ of 90 was three times as intelligent as someone with an IQ of 30. Shipley's test treats IQ as a(n):
ratio variable
Concepts that do not vary are known as constants.
true
Nominal and ordinal level closed-ended questions must be mutually exclusive and exhaustive.
true
Reliability is a prerequisite for measurement validity
true
The test retest method assumes that the phenomena under study does not change.
true
Dr. Jones is developing a research study in which he plans to use the length of a participant's ring finger to determine mathematical prowess. At the most basic level, his indicator fails which test for validity?
validity
Most social scientists would not accept the conceptualization of prejudice as foot size because such a measurement lacks
validity
Reliability involves:
whether a particular technique applied repeatedly to the same object would yield the same results each time TRUE
