SOC 4220 Final Exam

64. Which of the following factors has NOT been found to increase helping behavior?

A negative mood

49. Negative attributional style occurs when:

A person explains her partner's behavior in negative ways.

30. A psychologist by the name of ___________ developed social learning theory, which is also known as ___________.

Albert Badura and social cognitive theory

9. Brian believes in conformity and obedience to authority figures. In addition, he is intolerant of people who appear to display any form of weakness. This represents which personality type?

Authoritarian

58. If a person is in need of help, we will be more likely to help if attribute the cause of their troubles to:

Circumstances not within their control

33. Dodge's social information processing theory emphasizes the role of ___________ in explaining how children may eventually engage in aggressive behavior.

Cognition

45. Larry and Lisa are in love. They share the same Catholic values, both like to travel, and have developed a deep level of trust. Larry and Lisa's love can best be defined as:

Companionate love

48. Which of the following is NOT one of John Gottman's "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse" conflict styles?

Competition (the four styles INCLUDE: Criticism, Contempt, Defensiveness, Stonewalling)

26. You would expect cultures of honor to exist to a greater extent in which of the following places?

Exist in conditions where law enforcement is weak or lacking, wealth is portable and be stolen, and financial security is absent

24. Which of the following terms describes a method of aggression in which aggression is used as a way to express anger and reduce stress

Expressive view of aggression

29. Which theory argues that frustration precedes aggression when we are delayed from reaching our goal?

Frustration aggression theory

35. Research has shown that friendships may benefit your life in which of the following ways?

Have better health outcomes, seem to live longer, and overall are happier

56. The empathy-altruism model of prosocial behavior emphasizes that:

Helping can occur for altruistic reasons as well. Someone will be more likely to help another person if that other person's welfare is at stake.

43. A combination of _____ self esteem and _____ interpersonal trust results in a dismissive attachment style.

High and low

67. Which of the following is NOT one of the traits associated with an altruistic personality?

High self-esteem

28. Which of the following statements regarding the role of biochemical influences in aggressive behavior is supported by research?

Humans hormones and particularly testosterone and brain activity

13. Which of the following represents a motivational factor related to the development of prejudice and discrimination?

Increasing competition for scarce resources

12. The notion that people 'get what they deserve' is associated with which of the following biases?

Just world hypothesis

59. What difference in helping behavior has been identified between conservatives and liberals?

Liberals are more likely to help others with hardships perceived to have controllable causes than conservatives.

27. Which of the following has been found in violence-prone children and adults?

Low levels of serotonin

41. Which psychologists are credited with being among the first to bring attachment studies to humans?

Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby

44. According to evolutionary psychologists, men emphasize _______ while women emphasize _______.

Men emphasize Physical attractiveness and women emphasize resources

69. If you want to teach your children to engage in helping behavior throughout their lives, you could do which of the following?

Model helping behavior

31. Which of the following concepts is considered a main component of social learning theory?

Modeling and reinforcement

66. Researchers have found that mimicry leads to:

More charitable donations

32. In one study with children, researchers found that those who had just played with a toy gun were:

More likely to knock down blocks

34. The American Psychological Association reports that by the time a child finishes elementary school he or she will have watched:

More than 8000 murders and more than 1000,000 other assorted acts of violence on television

46. Which of the following is NOT a component of the triangular theory of love?

NOT- EMPATHY ARE- Intimacy, commitment and passion

7. Old fashioned sexism is to ______ as modern sexism is to ______

Overt and subtle

70. Research suggests that learning about the bystander effect will have what effect on people's willingness to help?

People show increased helping in group situations.

38. According to your book, ___________ is the most visible trait in social interactions.

Physical appearance

53. _______ is behavior intended to benefit others.

Prosocial Behavior

68. According to information presented in your text, which of the following would be considered a more effective way to increase helping behavior?

Provide models of prosocial behavior

36. Which of the following factors is likely to lead to an increase in attraction and liking?

Proximity

39. We often like those who like us back. This can best be understood as an example of:

Reciprocity

57. Tara decides to watch her neighbor's child with the expectation that in the future she may need her neighbor to return the favor and watch her son. Tara is helping based on the:

Reciprocity norm

42. Which attachment style is considered the most successful?

Secure attachment style

65. You are more likely to help someone who:

Shares your birthday

50. According to Gottman, men are more likely than woman to use:

Stonewalling

37. Mere exposure often leads to an increased favorable response towards a stimulus in all of the following circumstances EXCEPT?

When an initial response is negative

18. Education seems to be an effective way to combat stereotyping and prejudice under what condition?

When targets participate

23. Expressive views of anger are held more by which group of individuals?

Women

20. _______is defined as behavior, either verbal or physical, that is used to intentionally harm another individual.

agression

1. Prejudice is to ________ as discrimination is to ______.

attitude and behavior

8. ______ is defined as the attitudes of whites who openly endorse egalitarian views but discriminate in ways they are able to rationalize.

aversive racism

17. _______refers to the belief that increased communication and contact between different racial groups reduces levels of prejudice and discrimination.

contact hypothesis

61. As the number of people present in a situation increases responsibility to help _______

decreases

21. ________ refers to action or behavior that is clearly derived from the aggressor and is aimed directly at the target.

direct aggression

2. An employer who refuses to hire an applicant based solely on his old age is guilty of:

discrimination

54. Selfishness is to _______ as selflessness is to ______.

egotistic and selfless

55. Research has shown that people will help under which of the following circumstances?

for increased recognition, rewards, and improved mood.

5. The tendency to hold a hostile attitude toward an individual because of his or gender is termed

gender prejudice

6. The idea that women should stay home and take care of the children while men should go out and earn money for the family best describes the notion of:

gender stereotypes

47. Research shows that same-sex couples are ___________ than heterosexual couples.

just as happy, if not happier

40. Research suggests that we like people more if they reveal _____ about themselves in a conversation.

more

62. People who are self-aware are________ to help others.

more likely

10. Which of the following would NOT be considered a source of stereotypes and prejudice?

no answer 10

15. If Julie is in a happy mood, you would predict that she would be:

no answer 15

16. Which of the following does NOT represent a strategy for reducing stereotypes and prejudice?

no answer 16

14. What appears to be one consequence of threatening a person's self-esteem?

no asnwer 14

22. Men are more ________ aggressive while women are more ________ aggressive.

physically and relationally

25. According to research presented in your book, what is the relationship between level of aggression in young boys and amount of testosterone?

positive

63. The relationship between self-awareness and the likelihood that an individual will help can be characterized as:

positive

4. The tendency to hold a hostile attitude toward an individual because of his or her racial background is known as:

racial prejudice

60. Helping behavior is more likely to take place in _____ than in _____ settings.

rural and urban

51. An evolutionary psychologist would say that a man should fear his partner's sexual infidelity because:

sexual infidelity could result in the use of his resources to raise another man's child

11. The idea that one's own group is naturally superior to other groups is known as_

social dominance orientation.

3. The statement that all women are bad at math is an example of

stereotypes

52. According to research, women are more likely than men to be upset when:

their partner began falling in love with someone else

19. Research has shown that people can reduce their prejudiced responses when:

they are motivated to do so