SOC FINAL

Alan's daughter wears dresses, plays with dolls, and likes to pretend she is a princess. Alan does not think society has influenced her preferences at all. He views his daughter as evidence that human behavior is determined by genes and hormones. Which term best describes Alan's views?

Biological determinism

Which of the following aligns with the ideas of black feminism?

Black women face unique oppressions that white women, and even black men, do not.

According to scientists, what is the number-one contributor to rising global temperatures?

CO2 emissions

How does genetic testing relate to race?

Definitive genetic markers for race do not exist.

Michelle is doing a school project that involves visiting a local mosque and interviewing Muslims about their everyday life experiences in Indiana. What advice would Jen'nan Read likely give to Michelle?

Don't confuse ethnicity and religion, wrongly assuming that "Muslim" and "Arab" are one and the same.

Which act formalized the exclusive definition of whiteness by imposing immigration restrictions based on a national origins quota system that limited the yearly number of immigrants from each country?

Immigration Act of 1924

Which of the following is a criticism of resource mobilization theory?

Involvement of the elites often results in the demise of a social movement.

Compared to organic megafarms, why are small organic farms at a disadvantage?

Maintaining USDA certification is expensive.

Which of the following is one of the reasons why sociologists view gender as a social construction rather than a biological given?

Our understandings of, categorizations of, and behaviors toward what it means to be a man or woman have changed throughout history and vary across different socieities.

Often nonscientists — such as politicians — make decisions that affect the course of science. Which of the following is an example of this?

President Bush and stem cell research

According to intersex activists, why do parents and surgeons push to assign a sex to a genitally ambiguous child?

Social discomfort and fear of difference.

After a traumatic accident, a male baby is left with a micropenis that is badly damaged. Based on the case of David Reimer, what would likely be most helpful?

The baby and parents should participate in medical decision making in age-appropriate ways.

How does a dialectic work?

The process of conflict and resolution leads to social change.

It is argued in your textbook that gender structures social relationships by giving men advantages in society. As a result, which of the following is LEAST likely to happen?

When men enter female-dominated occupations, they often become victims of sexual harassment.

Sociologist Cynthia Fuchs Epstein argues that deceptive distinctions are those sex differences that arise out of the roles individuals occupy rather than from some innate force. Which of the following is an example of a deceptive distinction?

a boy who is a football player and acts fearless and bold

Samuel is a white Christian minister in 1830. Like most of his contemporaries, he believes in the biblical "curse of Ham." This means that when Samuel sees an African American, he sees:

a descendent of Ham, the original black man who was set apart as cursed.

What does a mass protest organization do?

advocates for social change through protest

Mothers Against Drunk Driving introduced the concept of the "designated driver" in order to combat drunk driving. Because it focused on a single issue and sought to change individual behavior, it is best described as:

alterative

If we apply the sociological imagination to sex, gender, and sexuality, we might argue that:

although biological differences exist between men and women, what we make of those differences is socially constructed and has changed throughout time and place.

What is one of the risks genetic modification may pose to the environment?

an ecological chain reaction

Sociologists who study scientists in the laboratory do so typically because they:

are interested in how scientific facts are socially constructed.

Which of the following is considered one of the main benefits of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

better ability to resist insects

A sociologist studies Marie's family dynamics; she is a transgender woman who was raised as a boy named Max. The sociologist notices Marie's father "deadnaming" her. What is he doing?

calling her "Max" even though she asks to be called "Marie"

Contagion effects often work through the influence of a leader with a lot of:

charisma

Social movements tend to have three stages. Which is the most fragile stage, the one at which most movements just simply fade away?

coalescence

Group behavior has to violate social norms in order to be classified as "collective action" because:

collective action seeks to highlight the reasons social norms should be changed.

During the mid-twentieth century in the United States, many black people moved north to escape Jim Crow laws in the rural South. This resulted in:

competition for housing and employment in the North, resulting in violent clashes between white and black people.

You are a deacon in a Southern Baptist church. The church condemns same-sex marriage; however, you personally believe same-sex marriage should be allowed, and in your free time you protest for equal rights for gays and lesbians. This would be an example of:

conflicting identities

Phrenology was an early-twentieth-century pseudoscientific approach that claimed people's intelligence, capacities, and race could be identified by examining:

differences in head formation.

America's first naturalization law, passed in 1790, granted citizenship to:

free white persons

In the modern United States, people see physical markers such as hair type or skin color and think of race. In ancient Egypt, physical markers were seen as linked to:

geography

Japanese internment camps resulted in:

greater wealth for white Americans.

the concept of race:

has changed over time and varied across societies

Bob and LaShonda paint their baby's room pink as soon as they find out they are having a girl. They are beginning to provide the baby with what?

her gendered identity

Al Gore's film An Inconvenient Truth documented the effect of ________ on climate temperature.

human activity

Which of the following is a potential problem with high-yield crops?

increased water usage

The green revolution, by increasing new technologies requiring more skills, has resulted in:

increasing the value of formal schooling for women in rural areas.

Similar to hegemonic masculinity, other social problems that exist within a dominant group in a society tend to seem:

invisible because they are regarded as the norm.

Alfred Kinsey's 1948 study, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, is important because:

it demonstrated how sexuality exists on a continuum, thus challenging the psychiatric claim of homosexuality as abnormal.

A sociologist, biologist, and psychologist are studying the causes and consequences of obesity. Their results:

may be complementary or conflicting.

Which of the following is something scientists predict will result from a continued rise in global temperatures?

migration from coastal communities

Which group believed that humans were one species, united under God?

monogenists

In Navajo tribes, there are three genders. Which of the following is their third gender category?

nadle

A hypothetical nation decides to make population policy based on the fictional film Gattaca. After watching this film, policy makers would most likely decide to:

perform genetic testing at birth and select the best for survival.

Under Johann Caspar Lavater's theory of ________, people with light skin were thought to have higher intellect.

physiognomy

Which group believed that different races were distinct species?

polygenists

Because of the green revolution, food production has kept pace with:

population growth

A building that breaks the traditional rules of architecture and borrows liberally from several genres to create a new and unique style is an example of:

postmodernism

When Shelly, a white American, sees a Middle Eastern man, she worries that he may be a terrorist. She would never say this and would never take action on these thoughts, but nonetheless, they come into her mind. Despite her commitment to fair treatment, she is harboring:

prejudice

One of the main reasons farmers genetically modify their produce is so they:

produce higher yields

In 1942, 120,000 Japanese Americans were sent by federal order to internment camps. Afterward, all Asian Americans (regardless of their country of origin and/or U.S. citizenship status) went from being a relatively unnoticed group to being singled out for discrimination. This is an example of:

racialization

A homeless shelter for battered women, where they can learn how to care for themselves and their children, would be an example of a(n) ________ social movement.

redemptive

A group of conservationists encourages their community to save water by using low-flushing toilets or faucets that release more pressure but less water. Which social movement would this represent?

reformative

During the modern period, science competed with ________ as the primary source for knowledge.

religion

________ social movements advocate the radical reorganization of society.

revolutionary

The difference between a social movement and a ritual is that:

rituals don't aim to change something about society.

The 1896 Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson upheld:

segregation

The Supreme Court's landmark 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education struck down what doctrine?

separate but equal

In Brazil gender is determined by

sexual practice

Sociologically speaking, the BRCA1 gene mutation is a good example of how:

social practices can change the effects of genes.

The green revolution has made it expensive for individual farms to survive on their own, so new collectives and cooperatives have emerged to bring together household farmers. Émile Durkheim might call this a type of:

social solidarity.

You are concerned about water quality in your town, but officials don't seem to be listening. You join a group that puts on a public play in which some people pour filthy water on others. When the wet people pretend to die, the water-pourers rejoice. This approach reflects the ________approach to activism promoted by Andy Bichlbaum.

spoof

Sociologists worry that the Human Genome Project could position people positively or negatively based on their genetic codes and thus lead to greater:

stratification and inequality in society

Which of the following examples calls into question the two firm categories of sex and gender that dominate our thinking?

the existence of people who cannot be easily classified as male or female (biologically speaking) and the fact that more than two gender groups exist in other cultures

The introduction of high-yield crop varietals in developing countries and improvements in agricultural technologies are two trends that fall under the umbrella of:

the green revolution

In considering the nature of scientific knowledge, philosopher Ian Hacking suggests that:

there is something legitimate in both social constructivism and scientific truth.

Nazis identified Jews as a "race," and race was believed to be biological. Nonetheless, Jews were forced to wear a yellow Star of David because:

there was no reliable physical indicator of this supposed "race."

Which of the following is characteristic of professional movement organizations?

they attempt to influence public policy

During European colonialism, ethnocentrism classified whites as normal, and nonwhites as abnormal and inferior, to help justify:

unequal treatment and conquest

The difference between collective action and deviance is:

whether you are acting alone or as part of a group.

A mass protest organization and a grassroots organization both rely on high levels of membership, but a grassroots organization:

works through existing political structures to promote change.

According to Peggy McIntosh (1988), which of the following statements about "being white" is most accurate? If you are white,

you don't have to think much about your racial identity.

Sexuality refers to desire, sexual preference, sexual identity, and behavior. Which of the following is true about sexuality?

There is enormous variation in how humans have sex and what it means to them.

Environmental activists who wish to ban all carbon emissions spur a countermovement by manufacturers whose factories must emit some pollutants to operate at a profit. When these two groups come together to formulate new environmental policies, it is an example of:

a dialectic

Which of the following would be considered a positive trait or characteristic for a man within today's hegemonic masculinity?

a love of sports

Judith Lorber argues that gender is a social institution because it is:

a major structure organizing our day-to-day experiences.

Until 1973, the American Psychiatric Association and the American Psychological Association listed homosexuality as:

a mental disorder.

Christoph Wilhelm Lucht is an American living in Chicago during World War I. Concerned about discrimination against German Americans, he makes choices that will help his family survive. Sociologists call his strategy "passing," citing as an example his choice to:

name his daughter Jane and to be happy when she marries and changes her last name to Jones.

What was one of the largest American social movements that effected major social change?

the civil rights movement

In our society, many people take for granted that sex has only two categories and tend to ignore facts that suggest sex itself is socially constructed. Which of the following is an outcome of this sexual dichotomization?

the exclusion of those who don't fit neatly into one category or the other