Soc Final

Gentrification is best conceptualized as the influx of boutique coffee shops, craft breweries, and multi-modal transportation systems into a deteriorated part of a city True False

False

In Socialism, consumers determine what will be produced and what products will cost True False

False

In the United States, public schools (K-12) are primarily funded through state and federal income taxes True False

False

As outlined in lecture, all racial groups have identical high school graduation rates True False

False

Bureaucratic authority and charismatic authority are identical forms of power True False

False

Democrats and Republicans are classified as non-centrist parties because their political views diametrically oppose each other True False

False

Fordism refers to the combination of mass consumption, credit financing and privatization True False

False

Formal education systems have existed throughout all of human history True False

False

Framing success has much to do with how credible the frame is, but little to do with the congruence between the frame and the everyday experience of its target True False

False

According to the documentary in Walmart Good for America, Walmart's low cost model has had a minimal impact on job loss and manufacturing plant shutdowns within local communities. True False

False

As discussed in lecture, D.C's rental laws are best characterized as a form of democratic socialism True False

False

As discussed in lecture, the US political system is best characterized as a pure representative democracy True False

False

Lobbyists heavily influenced the 2017-18 GOP tax legislation, with the education and automotive industries being the prime lobbying group True False

False

Moral panics thrive on certainty, confidence, and calm True False

False

One of the main characters in the Square documentary, Ahmed, eventually relinquishes his protest actions and ultimately supports military rule True False

False

Pure forms of capitalism have existed in human history True False

False

Rational-legal authority is vested in the elected officials of the government, rather than traditional or written rules True False

False

Standardized tests, like the SAT, only measure intelligence True False

False

Super PACs can make unlimited financial contributions directly to political candidates True False

False

The US political system is primarily based on an elective process where a candidate must receive at least half of all votes cast to win an election True False

False

The inclination to wage war is a universal characteristic to all human societies True False

False

The key to the origin of cities was the development of larger and more powerful militaries True False

False

The relationship between weight and place of residence, as discussed in class, is generalizable to the entire United States True False

False

The video Two Million Minutes provided a representative sample of cross national educational differences between India, China, and the US True False

False

Throughout the 20th century, most national governments (including the US) have increased their involvement and regulation of private economic activity True False

False

Urban areas tend to vote democratic, but this thesis does not hold true for cities located in the northwestern US True False

False

'Free riders' are best described as those potential members of a movement who will not lend their energies to the movement but will nonetheless hope that the movement will provide them with benefits they desire True False

True

A major critique leveled against the Malthus Theorem is its time specificity True False

True

A riot is violent crowd behavior directed at people and property True False

True

According to lecture, the classical model of social movements neglect how movements change over time True False

True

As argued in the video Two Million Minutes, American students are less motivated than their Chinese and Indian counterparts. This is due primarily to the economic difficulties Chinese and Indian students experience, thus motivating them to achieve high academic proficiency True False

True

As examined in There Goes the Neighborhood, gentrifying areas of DC effectively displace African Americans due to the sudden increase in costs of living True False

True

As stated in lecture, capitalism and socialism privilege different conceptions of rights True False

True

Critics of more equitable public school funding suggest equalizing financial resources across school districts will ultimately fail to address academic disparities since the cause of educational deficiencies reside solely within a student's efforts True False

True

Grade inflation refers to higher grades for the same work True False

True

In the Least Industrialized Nations, the more children a woman bears, the more she is thought to have achieved the purpose for which she is born True False

True

In the United States, people with high incomes are more likely to vote than those with low incomes True False

True

In theory, socialists believe that profit is immoral and that capitalists create social inequality and exploit poorly paid workers True False

True

The Square documentary exposed that government repression may not be as all-encompassing as the political process model claims it to be True False

True

The economic system in the United States has both capitalistic and socialistic tendencies True False

True

The major difference between Super PACs and 501c(4) groups is that Super PACs are required to disclose their donors, while 501c(4) groups do not True False

True

The primary critique of the video The Future of Cities is that it failed to address housing issues and costs in any of the cities under examination True False

True

The Rosenthal Jacobson (1968) experiment, and a good deal of other research, confirms that a. Children who are expected to do better generally do better b. Children who are expected to do worse generally do better c. Children who are expected to do better generally do worse d. IQ points increase in all children over time

a. Children who are expected to do better generally do better

The largest corporations, highest ranking military officials, and certain elite politicians have the power to decide on the country's overarching policies. This statement best reflects which theoretical perspective? a. Conflict theory b. Structural factionalism c. Symbolic interactionism d. Critical power theory

a. Conflict theory

The intent of terrorism is to produce _______ in order to obtain ___________ a. Fear; political objectives b. Chaos; order c. Fear; reconciliation d. Alarm; attention

a. Fear; political objectives

According to conflict theorists, part of the hidden curriculum consists of a. Obedience to authority b. To make the US the top nation in the world in math scores c. Actually forbidden by law d. Questioning authority

a. Obedience to authority

In its 2010 ruling on Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, the U.S. Supreme Court a. opened the floodgate to corporate contributions of money to political candidates b. Outlawed political contributions c. Recognized that corporations are not people d. Ruled that the First Amendment limits the amount of money that corporations can contribute to politicians

a. Opened the floodgate to corporate contributions of money to political candidates

Walmart has had a significant impact on the retail distribution model, in effect, forcing manufacturers to produce particular products at specific prices. This dynamic is best classified as a a. Pull production system b. Push production system c. Retailer-dominant production system d. None of the above are correct

a. Pull production system

Hunting and gathering societies had a(n) _____________ economy, living off the land with little or no surplus a. Subsistence b. Modern c. Pastoral d. Industrial

a. Subsistence

According to the documentary, Big Sky, Big Money, 501(c) 4 groups a. Have had no impact on state political campaigns but have significantly influenced federal political campaigns b. Do not have to disclose who their donors are but must stick to issues rather than advocate for, or work with, any political candidate c. Are limited in the amount of money they can use to support political issues d. Are the same as super PACs

b. Do not have to disclose who their donors are but must stick to issues that advocate for, or work with, any political candidate

Which of the following is a kew issue exposed in the firm There Goes the Neighborhood a. DC government has disinvested in public transportation b. Gentrification in DC cannot be divorced from issues of race c. The number of African American homeowners is about the same as white homeowners in the district d. Gentrification within DC is not as intense as gentrifying processes in the surrounding suburbs

b. Gentrification in DC cannot be divorced from issued of race

During Stage 2 of the demographic transition theory, birth rates are ___________ and death rates are __________ a. High; high b. High; falling c. Falling; high d. Low; low

b. High; falling

Jack Abramhoff's lobbying case illustrates a. How small of an impact money has on the democratic process in the US b. How representative democracy is corrupted such that the general public doesn't have democratic oversight of the US political system c. The US political system is best characterized as a corporate monopoly d. Why people do not want to vote in national elections

b. How representative democracy is corrupted such that the general public does not have democratic oversight of the US political system

____________ solidarity is the unity that people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks a. Durkheimian b. Mechanical c. Organic d. Forced

b. Mechanical

When a city has 10 million or more residents, it is classified as a(n) a. Evolved city b. Megacity c. Megaregion d. Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)

b. Megacity

In the United States, third parties a. Have consistently been successful b. Must support the same centrist themes as Democrats and Republicans to play a role in political affairs c. Are illegal d. Have to set themselves apart from the two main parties to play an influential role in political affairs

b. Must support the same centrist themes as Democrats and Republicans to play a role in political affairs

The documentary The Square suggests that social movement a. Routinely meet and exceed their stated goals b. Often experience successes and failures throughout their existence c. Resource mobilization theory is the best lens to examine social movements outside the US d. Framing strategies are insignificant to combat social injustice

b. Often experience successes and failures throughout their existence

Since the earth is so productive, why do people today die of hunger? a. The earth produces too little food b. Particular places on earth lack food c. Africa is overpopulated d. The US is overpopulated

b. Particular places on earth lack food

As stated in lecture, population growth is ________ associated with carbon dioxide emissions a. Negatively b. Positively c. Non- d. Minimally

b. Positively

Which of the following statements best characterizes public school funding in the US a. Public school funding has no impact on the educational outcomes of students b. Public school funding is highly unequal c. Public school funding is highly unequal, but students from low-funded school districts actually perform better in the classroom compared to their well-funded counterparts d. None of the above are correct

b. Public school funding is highly unequal

According to the video Two Million Minutes, American students score higher in which area relative to their international peers a. Math b. Self-confidence c. Honesty d. Engineering

b. Self-confidence

__________ refers to a function of education that funnels people into society's various positions a. Home schooling b. Social placement c. Manifest function d. Promoting the brightest

b. Social placement

As explained in the video Two Million Minutes, a key difference between the three nation's educational systems concerns a. How school administrators discipline students b. The distribution of time allotted to various school and school-related activities c. The funding disparities within and between the nations d. None of the above are correct

b. The distribution of time allotted to various school and school-related activities

The number of children that the average woman bears is knows as a. Fecundity b. The fertility rate c. Mortality d. The demographic transition

b. The fertility rate

What is the Malthus Theorem a. The belief that if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences b. the idea that population grows geometrically and the food supply only increases arithmetically c. The belief that language influences culture d. A three-stage explanation of how populations increase, stabilize, and then decrease

b. The idea that population grows geometrically and the food supply only increases arithmetically

Clean Water for All, a social movement seeking to provide all humans with easy access to clean water, has well over 6 million members worldwide and raises about $70 million in funds annually. However, the movement's top leadership is divided on how best to spend those funds, as well as is unsure of the exact cause of the lack of clean water in certain parts of the world. According to resource mobilization theory, which of the following best characterizes Clean Water for All a. The social movement will succeed in meeting its stated goals in short order b. The social movement is less likely to succeed since it is experiencing various elements of disagreements c. The social movement is more likely to succeed since it is experiencing various elements of agreements d. The social movement needs to improve its framing tactics

b. The social movement is less likely to succeed since it is experiencing various elements of disagreement

As discussed during class, which of the following statements is most accurate when examining global population trends a. The US should impose its version of population control onto those areas where population growth is highest b. There is a certain geography to population trends, meaning that all places do not exhibit similar types of growth c. The anti-Malthusians are more correct than the New Malthusians d. None of the above answers are correct

b. There is a certain geography to population trends, meaning that all places do not exhibit similar types of growth

According to the pluralist model a. The US is not very democratic b. Competition among businesses hurts the economy c. Almost all people and almost all organizations have at least some political voice d. Power in concentrated in the hands of only a few groups

c. Almost all people and almost all organizations have at least some political voice

Resistance to equitable public school funding is supported by several beliefs about the causes of poverty. In turn, these beliefs lead to the argument that a. Students from poverty backgrounds are constrained by institutional discrimination in public education and thus, more money will not correct these discriminatory practices b. The federal government should only be concerned with students from middle-class backgrounds since these individuals are most likely to achieve high academic proficiency c. Because students from impoverished backgrounds are unlikely to benefit from a quality education, funding schools equitably is a waste of taxpayer dollars d. None of the above are correct

c. Because students from impoverished backgrounds are unlikely to benefit from a quality education, funding schools equitably is a waste of taxpayer dollars

When people have enjoyed relatively good circumstances in life, and find their status and power declining, they join a social movement to protect their position, according to a. Relative deprivation theory b. Ideological commitment theory c. Declining privilege theory d. The Tea Party

c. Declining privilege theory

The human ecological approach to urban growth a. Encapsulates all urbanization processes b. Views the city through a symbolic interactionist perspective c. Fails to address the influence that real estate developers and government authorities have on urbanization d. None of the above are correct

c. Fails to address the influence that real estate developers and government authorities have on urbanization

The most significant predictor of whether a student will attend college is his/her a. Test scores b. Motivation c. Family background d. Personality

c. Family background

To determine a country's growth rate, what three variables would a demographer use a. Race, sex, life expectancy b. Life span, life expectancy, migration c. Fertility, mortality, migration d. Race, fertility, life span

c. Fertility, mortality, migration

The target of change is ____________ for transnational and metaformative social movements a. The individual b. Society c .Global d. Unspecified

c. Global

As reviewed in class, which of the following best characterizes the D.C. rental housing market a. Low rent units dominate the rental housing markets b. Medium-rent units dominate the rental housing market c. High-rent units dominate the rental housing market d. There is an equal share of low, medium, and high rent units in the rental housing market

c. High-rent units dominate the rental housing market

From a functionalist perspective, the teaching of knowledge and skills is best classified as a a. Required prerequisite b. Latent function c. Manifest function d. Manifest dysfunction

c. Manifest function

Cheryl strongly believes in animal rights, and joined an organization that wants to reform the ways in which society views and treats animals. The type of social movement Cheryl is part of is a. Millenarian social movement b. Cargo cult c. Reformative social movement d. Redemptive social movement

c. Reformative social movement

Which of the following is a defined feature of neoliberal capitalism, as experienced within the United States a. Revamped public ownership of local water infrastructure b. Increased rent control laws across the nation c. Significant reductions in the individual tax rate d. Rise in real wages tied to productivity gains

c. Significant reductions in the individual tax rate

Conflict theorists take the position that ___________ dominate(s) the United States a. Lobbyists b. Functionalists c. Anarchy d. A ruling class

d. A ruling class

Potential supporters of a social movement must be persuaded on which of the following components in order to participate in the social movement a. A situation is problematic b. Collective action is necessary to correct this problematic situation c. They need to be motivated to act if the social movement occurs d. A, B, and C are all correct

d. A, B, and C are all correct

In a capitalist system a. Individuals own factories and other means of production, but the government owns all natural resources b. People are taught to pursue the common good c. Economic inequality does not exist d. An economic market is based on competition in which people sell goods and services in order to make a profit

d. An economic market is based on competition in which people sell goods and services in order to make a profit

Assume a member of the Kodak Corporation's board of directors also serves on the boards of other camera manufacturers, such as Nikon and Fuji. This pattern would illustrate a. an oligopoly b. a plutocracy c. an oligarchy d. an interlocking directorate

d. An interlocking directorate

The DC Environmental Initiative advocates for a healthy and lively local ecosystem and often battles those who damage the environment. To help their effort, the organization published a newspaper ad claiming that GW is to blame for the severely polluted Potomac River. This example best describes which of the follow framing tasks a. Prognostic framing b. Dialectical framing c. Critical framing d. Diagnostic framing

d. Diagnostic framing

The gap between rich and poor Americans is a. Narrowing b. Almost a thing of the past c. About the same as it has always been d. Greater than it has been in generations

d. Greater than it has been in generations

You are taking an IQ test which will be used to determine you intelligence level. The first question asks you to identify all of the equipment you will need to play the game of shoeball. The second question asks the rules of the game. Finally, the third question asks you to explain how shoeball is scored and the number of points you need to win the game. Based on this question, what does the test demonstrate? a. It accurately measures intelligence b. The test should be called a vocational aptitude test c. The test is totally unreliable d It has a cultural bias in measuring intelligence

d. It has a cultural bias in measuring intelligence

The main criticism of capitalism is that it a. Focuses too much on the public good b. Leads to social equality c. Does not respect individual rights d. Leads to social inequality

d. Leads to social inequality

Nicola lives in Greece and is a representative of the Greenpact party. In the last election, the Greenpact party won 15 percent of the vote and was awarded 15 percent of the seats in Greek parliament. This form of government is a a. Representative democracy b. Direct democracy c. Winning-take-all system d. Proportional representation system

d. Proportional representation system

Which of the following is a latent function of schooling a. Provides society with skilled workers b. Gives people the skills they need to earn a living c. Helps develop the labor force d. Provides child care for working parents

d. Provides child care for working parents

As discussed in the firm in Walmart Good for America, an opening price point refers to a. The lowest price that the company demands of its suppliers in manufacturing specific products b. A product's price that is displayed in TV commercials c. The highest price of manufactured goods that suppliers ask for when selling goods to Walmart d. The cheapest product in a product line displayed in such a way that it lures customers to the entire product line/aisle

d. The cheapest product in a product line displayed in such a way that it lures customers to the entire product line/aisle

The efforts people make to minimize their costs and maximize their rewards is referred to as a. Emergent norms b. Exploitation c. The winner-take-all strategy d. The minimax strategy

d. The minimax strategy