Soc final

Sociologist Cynthia Fuchs Epstein argues that deceptive distinctions are those sex differences that arise out of the roles individuals occupy, rather than from some innate force. Which of the following is NOT an example of deceptive distinctions?

A boy who is a football player and acts fearless and bold

Which term refers to the overt form of resistance through a movement such as revolution or genocide or through nonviolent protest

A collective resistance

Ugo's promotion to regional manager at sears with a higher salary and more prestige is an example of what type of vertical social mobility?

A: ascending

Each society has a type of social stratification. How does the US ideologically justify its type of stratification system?

B: a person is in complete control over the class he or she is in. Hard work (or lack of it) determines class

Why aren't antibiotics as successful in treating illness as they were several years ago?

Bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics

Which of the following aligns the arguments of black feminism?

Black women face unique oppressions that women's and even black men, do not

A researcher studies the effects of gender by comparing people's experiences before undergoing sex changes and then again after their sex changes. The researcher uses a statistical technique called individual fixed effects which involves

Comparing an outcome across time as some factors change

Wright Mills had a negative view of the elite-mass dichotomy. His viewpoint fits into what paradigm?

Conflict

Race, birth order, generational cohort, sex, and parental wealth are key sociological variables that are said to resist fixed effects because they:

Don't change over time

Gender strictures social relationships between people unequally

Feminists

The concept of race

Has changed over time

According to Peggy McIntosh (1988), which of the following statements about "being white" is most accurate?

If you are white, you don't have to think much about your racial identity

A society is pluralistic if no distinct ethnic group is statistically:

In the majority

Which of the following was the result of medical licensing that began in the mid-1800's

It gave physicians more economic clout

John Gray's book Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus was a number-one best seller for more than a decade. Which of the following is one of the reasons his book has been so popular?

It offers the appeal of east-to-grasp, common sense generalizations

Alfred Kinsey's 1948 study, sexual behavior in the human male, is important because

It's viewed sexuality as falling on a continuum, thus challenging the psychiatric claims of homosexuality as abnormal

After mental illness became "medicalized," what was one major change that occurred?

Medication replaced counseling

Physician prestige has been on the decline since 1980's. Which of the following might be a reason?

More people in the medical community are being allowed to prescribe

Which of the following is one of the reasons why sociologist view gender as a social construction rather than a biological given?

Our understanding of categorization of, and behaviors toward what it means to be a man or woman have changed throughout history

The policy section on "reverse migration" in your textbook agregues that the first step to domestic immigration reforms should be to

Overturn the restrictions that other notations, including Mexico, place on Americans immigration to their countries

Which theory might argue that "it is beneficial for society as a whole when men and women stick to their 'normal' roles"?

Parson's sex role theory

What is a social benefit of adopting the sick role?

People who do so are not looked down on or morally judged if they do not work.

Which of the following key sociological variables resist individual fixed effects?

Race

In 1942, 120,000 Japanese Americans were sent by federal order to internment camps. Afterward, all Asian Americans (regardless of their country of orgin and/or us. Citizenship status) went from being a relatively unnoticed group to being singles out for discrimination. This is known as:

Racialization

Which term refers to the belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal traits

Racism

The longevity discrepancy between between blacks and whites may be a sign of

Social inequality

Which of the following situation provides an example of how the social categories of gender influences the biology of sex?

The decision to raise a male infant born with a micro penis

Which of the following examples calls into question the 2 firms categories of sex and gender that dominate our thinking?

The existence of more than two genders groups in other cultures

The story about the author "kidnapping" another child to become his new baby sister shows

The social impact of race

Anthropologists Don Kulick (1998) conducted an ethnography of the transgender prostitutes in Brazil known as travesti. Which is true?

The travesti think of themselves as men who emulate women, but are not women

In one study of television portrayals of Arabs, researchers found basic myths that continue to souround this group, such as

They are uncivilized and barbaric

In the one-sex model, it was believed that both a mans and a woman's orgasm were required for conception. When the 2-sex model gained momentum women and men were viewed as radically different creatures, and the female orgasm became viewed as

Unnecessary

It is argued in your text that gender structures social relationships by giving men the advantage in society. As a result, which of the following is LEAST likely to happen?

When men enter female-dominated occupations, they often become victims of sexual harassment.

What difference between race & ethnicity underscore the privilege positions of ___ in America, who have the freedom to pick and choose their identities and freely show their ethic

Whites

An essentialist would agree which of the following for why women out number men in occupations that involve caring

Women find occupations that's involve caring more suitable to their nature

Judith Lorber believes that gender is a social institution because it is:

a major structure organizing our day-to-day experiences.

If we apply our sociological imaginations to sex, gender, and sexuality, we might argue that:

although biological differences exist between men and women, what we make of those differences is socially constructed and has changed through time and place.

What you do in the social world should be a direct result of who you are in the natural world. This statement refers to:

biological determinism

Who is more likely to die young

black male

The modern capitalist society is an example of which type of society?

bourgeois

What allows one to identify with a nationality without the rights and duties of a citizen?

c. ethnicity.

Under what system is your societal position related to your position in the economic market?

class

Bob and Sue paint their baby's room pink as soon as they find out that they are having a girl. They are beginning to provide the baby with what?

d. gendered identity

A man who commits a homosexual act within prison:

does not necessarily view himself as a homosexual.

Prejudice is to discrimination as thinking is to

doing

The game of Monopoly follows the rules of what standard of equality?

equality of opportunity

Which group, led by Sir Francis Galton, believed that negative traits such as criminality were passed through bloodlines and could be bred out?

eugenicists

Ontological equality is the notion that:

everyone is created equal by divine design.

In his book the history of sexuality (1978), Michel Foucault contends that the classification of homosexuality as a kind of deviance was a result of:

government bureaucrats attempting to assert their power over people.

Japanese Internment Camps resulted in

greater wealth for white Americans.

Although race has no deterministic, biological basis, it still:

has important social influence

The eradication of African river blindness (onchocerciasis) illustrates the connection between

health and economic development.

Similar to hegemonic masculinity, social problems that exist within a dominant group in a society tend to be:

invisible because they are regarded as the norm.

Sometimes individuals seek to assert or increase their status, not just through occupation but also through:

living in gated communities

By looking at anthropological findings in tribal societies, sociologists can see fluidity in gender, which helps us see that the boundaries within our own system of gender:

may not be stable

Denise, who comes from a lower-middle-class family, obtained a college degree, interned at a company, worked at that company for many years, and is now its CEO. Denise's experiences support the idea of:

meritocracy

The comparison between the Burakumin and the Japanese shows that race is

not just about physical or biological differences

Reverend Samuel Stanhope Smith's proposal that skin color should be viewed as a product of climate and therefore not correlated to inner virtues (e.g., intelligence, character, personality) suggests that he felt:

people were are all the same beneath their skin.

When Susie takes up smoking, the cost of her insurance coverage goes up. This is a result of:

risk adjustment

In the nineteenth century, theories of race moved from religious based racism to

scientific racism

An example of horizontal social mobility is a(n):

secretary changing firms but retaining his or her occupational status.

Feminist philosopher Elizabeth Grosz proposed that we view the relationship between sex (the natural) and gender (the social) as existing on a Möbius strip because:

sex and gender are two sides of the same coin and are thus inseparable.

The genetic variation that corresponds with geographic origins is much ____ than people commonly believe

smaller

Race is not a fixed biological or natural reality; rather, it is:

social construction

Why do parents and surgeons push to assign a sex to a genitally ambiguous child?

social discomfort and fear of difference

According to Nell Irvin Painter, author of The History of White People, white people:

typically just see themselves as "individuals."

Ethnocentrism classified nonwhites as abnormal and inferior to help justify:

unequal treatment and conquest

If you miss an appointment with your physician

you will most likely be charged anyway.