SOC MIDTERM

About how many students graduate each year with a sociology bachelor's degree? a. 30,000 b. 20,000 c. 15,000 d. 10,000

a. 30,000

the _______ effect is a phenomenon in which subjects being studied or change their behind simply because they know they are being watched a part of the study: a. Hawthorne b. warp c. marineau d. functionalist

a. Hawthorne

In which group did durkheim find to have the highest suicide rates? a. Protestants b. Catholics c. Baptists d. atheists

a. Protestants

The United States Government is a form of: a. a bureaucracy b. a coercive organization c. a normative organization d. the way young children are raised

a. a bureaucracy

a hate crime is defined as: a. a criminal act motivated by racial or other bias b. any crime involving powerful emotions c. any crime against a minority individual d. any violation of anti discrimination laws

a. a criminal act motivated by racial or other bias

Emile Durkheim's basic insight is that deviance is: a. a normal element of social organization b. a dysfunctional element of social organization c. less common in modern societies d. defined by the rich and used against the poor

a. a normal element of social organization

What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group? a. a primary group is small, consisting of emotional face to face relationships, a secondary group is larger and impersonal b. a primary group is small and impersonal, a secondary group is large and consists of face to face relationships c. a primary group is large and impersonal, a secondary group is small, consisting of emotional, face to face relationships d. a primary group is large and impersonal, a secondary group is small and purely instrumental in function

a. a primary group is small, consisting of emotional face to face relationships, a secondary group is larger and impersonal

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis? a. an educated guess b. a fact c. an untruth d. a zoo animal

a. an educated guess

A state of relative normlessness that comes from the disintegration of our routines and regulations is called: a. anomie b. apathy c. ennui d. languor

a. anomie

________ is common when we go through sudden changes in our lives or when we live in larger cities a. anomie b. apathy c. ennui d. languor

a. anomie

in the 2010 film, the social network, Facebook ceo Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader who was goal orientated, issuing orders and assigning tasks. which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use? a. authoritarian b. Democratic c. laissez-faire d. oligarchy

a. authoritarian

Which of the following would someone conducting a case study most likely avoid? a. conducting surveys b. examining documents c. conducting interviews d. reviewing records

a. conducting surveys

the concept counterculture refers to: a. cultural patterns that opposed those that are widely held b. people living here who were born in another culture c. high culture d. popular culture

a. cultural patterns that opposed those that are widely held

what justification of punishing criminals rests on using the threat of punishment to discourage further criminality? a. deterrence b. retribution c. social protection d. rehabilitation

a. deterrence

which of the following sociological terms refers to "the recognized violation of cultural norms"? a. deviance b. crime c. unsuccessful socialization d. juvenile delinquency

a. deviance

the basic idea behind labeling theory is that: a. deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do b. deviance is actually useful in a number of ways c. power has much to do with how a society defines deviance d. all of these are correct

a. deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do

Ally's father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics, her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of methamphetamines . by the age of 18, ally has been arrested three times for possession of Marijuana. which theory best describes Ally's experience? a. differential association theory b. strain theory c. labeling theory d. opaque theory

a. differential association theory

the concept "presentation of self" refers to: a. efforts to create impressions in the minds of others b. helping another "save face" c. deciding how to resolve tension between family and workplace roles d. trying to take attention away from others

a. efforts to create impressions in the minds of others

anomie is one of ______ concepts a. emile durkheims b. auguste comtes c. Harriet martineaus d. Talcott parsons

a. emile durkheims

the special contribution of schooling to the socialization process includes: a. exposing the child to people whose backgrounds differ from their own b. receiving love from caring adults c. teaching children to be highly flexible and to express their individuality d. helping children break free of gender roles

a. exposing the child to people whose backgrounds differ from their own

What type of society was replaced by a society based on capitalism? a. feudal b. agrarian c. hunter-gatherer d. horticultural pastoral

a. feudal

Wrong-doing such as an adult forcing a child to engage in sexual activity is an example of violating cultural: a. formal norms/mores b. symbols c. folkways d. beliefs

a. formal norms/mores

Carol Gilligan extended Lawrence kohlbergs research, showing that: a. girls and boys typically use different standards in assessing situations as right and wrong b. younger girls are more interested in right and wrong than older girls are c. younger boys are more interested in right and wrong than older boys are d. the ability to assess situations as right and wrong typically develops only as young people enter the teenage years

a. girls and boys typically use different standards in assessing situations as right and wrong

in Robert mertons strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes a person who gets rich by committing fraud while working at a bank? a. innovation b. ritualism c. retreatism d. rebellion

a. innovation

during and after the industrial revolution, cities became larger and ________ a. more diverse b. similar c. less remote d. less isolated

a. more diverse

a functionalist theorist would view culture as: a. norms function to support the operation of society b. norms function to benefit a few at the expense of the many c. an arena where sanctions would never be used d. a product of individual interactions

a. norms function to support the operation of society

how were suicide rates measured by durkheim? a. number of suicides per 100,000 people in a population b. number of suicides per 1,000 people in a population c. number of suicides per 1,000,000 people in a population d. numbers of suicides per 10,000 people in a population

a. number of suicides per 100,000 people in a population

________ is a research methodology in which the researchers joins people's group and participates in the groups routine activities for the purpose of observing within that context a. participant observation b. survey c. interview d. field research

a. participant observation

who was the psychologist who focused specifically on the role of social interactions in the development of children? a. piaget b.. Freud c. Gilligan d. kohlberg

a. piaget

a sanction is: a. reward or a punishment b. always a punishment c. always a reward d. always applied fairly

a. reward or a punishment

sociologists use which of the following concepts to refer to the behavior people expect of someone who holds a particular status? a. role b. master status c. status set d. role set

a. role

many surgeons choose not to operate on their own children because the personal involvement of being a parent could affect the professional objectivity needed by a physician. which of the following is involved? a. role conflict b. role strain c. role ambiguity d. role exit

a. role conflict

according to piaget, in what stage of human development do individuals experience the world only through sensory contact? a. sensorimotor stage b. preoperational stage c. concrete operational stage d. formal operational stage

a. sensorimotor stage

which of the following concepts refer to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture? a. socialization b. internalization c. naturalism d. behavioralism

a. socialization

Which of the following is the most widely used form of research methodology? a. survey b. participate observation c. interview d. secondary date analysis

a. survey

the mcdonaldization of society refers to: a. the increasing presence of the fast food business model in common social institutions b. the obesity epidemic that's rapidly sweeping the United states c. the country's increasing dependence on fast food as a daily meal d. the increasing popularity of McDonald's as a hangout for youth

a. the increasing presence of the fast food business model in common social institutions

George Herbert mead considered the self to be: a. the part of an individual's personality composed of self awareness and self image b. the presence of culture within the individual c. basic drives that are self centered d. present in infants at the time of their birth

a. the part of an individuals personality composed of self awareness and self image

according to comte, sociology is defined as _________ a. the science of society b. the study of society c. the study of culture d. observation of society

a. the science of society

lab based experiments can be controlled and may be more useful in collecting more day and a limited amount of time than natural or field experiments a. true b. false c. it is unknown d. it has been established that there is no significant difference

a. true

In the US, what age groups have the highest suicide rates? a. 15-24 b. 35-55 c. 55-75 d. 75-84

b. 35-55

in which group did durkheim find to have the lowest suicide rates? a. Protestants b. Catholics c. Baptists d. men

b. Catholics

Which theorist felt: communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society or the collective conscience may be different than the beliefs, morals, and attitudes of an individual within that society? a. Karl Marx b. Emile durkheim c. Adam smith d. max weber

b. Emile Durkheim

his/her philosophy and the timing of his/her writings helped early sociologists in the development of social theories and scientific approaches a. emile durkheim b. Karl marx c. Harriet martineau d. auguste comte

b. Karl marx

who gave us the concept of the self-fulfilling prophecy? a. Peter berger b. Robert Merton c. Thomas luckmann d. Erving goffman

b. Robert merton

which sociological pioneer performed an experiment in which he showed a group of participants a paper with three lines on it, all varying in length. and asked them to compare the lines? a. Karl Marx b. Solomon asch c. Ivan pavlov d. emile durkheim

b. Solomon asch

what type of socialization process includes a degradation society? a. an institutional process b. a resocialization process c. an anticipatory process d. a secondary socialization process

b. a resocialization process

Who coined the term sociology? a. emile durkheim b. auguste comte c. harriet martineau d. karl marx

b. auguste comte

Which of the following is not true of empirical evidence? empirical evidence comes from: a. experimentation b. common sense c. direct experience d. scientifically gathered data

b. common sense

the term we use to describe that we have observed one variable causing change in another variable is: a. cause and effect b. correlation c. covert variation d. coincidence

b. correlation

the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance as referred to as: a. ethnomethodology b. dramaturgical analysis c. the Thomas theorem d. the social construction of reality

b. dramaturgical analysis

_______ refers to gathering primary data from a natural environment without doing a lab experiment or a survey: a. interview research b. field reaearch c. case study d. primary research

b. field research

who believed that personality and sexual development were closely linked, and he divided the maturation process into psychosexual stages: oral, phallic, latency, and genital a. piaget b. Freud c. Gilligan d. kohlberg

b. freud

which of the following is most likely to be viewed as a master status? a. having a job as a carpenter b. having a serious physical or mental disability c. being white in the United states d. all of these are correct

b. having a serious physical or mental disability

What type of society used hand tools to grow and cultivate their own plants: a. feudal b. horticultural-pastoral c. agarian d. all of these are correct

b. horticultural-pastoral

who's theory of development include the preconventional, the conventional, and the post conventional stages of development? a. piaget b. kohlberg c. Gilligan d. Freud

b. kohlberg

Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic: a. organizations across a college campus come together at a yearly fundraiser to raise money for the local breast cancer awareness chapter b. members of sorority delta delta delta a disease their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority sigma delta theta c. chorus members of the campus's production of hairspray practice in theatre buildings firs floor while the cast of God of carnage practices on the second floor d. the chemistry club advertises their organization at the local science fair

b. members of sorority delta delta delta advise their pledge not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority sigma delta theta

Read the following four assertions an out the social foundation of deviance. then select the one that is FALSE: a. deviance exits only in relation to cultural norms b. most acts that are deviant in one place are deviant everywhere c. people become deviant as others define them that way d. norms and the way people define situations involve differences in social power

b. most act that are deviant in one place are deviant everywhere

as part of human culture, religion would be an example of: a. material culture b. nonmaterial culture c. culture shock d. human nature

b. nonmaterial culture

Which of the following most closely conveys the point of the sapir-whorf thesis: a. language involves attaching labels to the real world b. people perceive the world through the cultural lens of language c. most ideas "feel" same even if they are expressed in a different language d. each word in English as its counterpart in all other languages

b. people perceive the world through the cultural lens of language

when Charles Horton Cooley used the term "looking-glass self" he was referring to the fact that: a. people are self absorbed b. people see themselves as they think others see them c. people see things only from their own point of view d. our actions are a reflection of our cultural values

b. people see themselves as they think others see them

cultural patterns that are widespread among society's population are referred to as: a. high culture b. popular culture c. subculture d. counterculture

b. popular culture

Jean piaget called the level of development at which individuals first use language and other cultural symbols which of the following stages? a. sensorimotor stage b. preoperational stage c. concrete operational stage d. formal operational stage

b. preoperational stage

The American Sociological Association, a.k.a. the ASA maintains a code of ethics or formal guidelines for conducting research. This code of ethics contains five general principles, which of the following is not one of those principles? a. professional competence b. professional speech c. professional and scientific responsibility d. social responsibility

b. professional speech

When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look at his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's: a. outgroup b. reference group c. aggregate d. secondary group

b. reference group

which of the following concepts refers to efforts to radically change someone's personality through careful control of the environment? a. anticipatory socialization b. resocialization c. expressive leadership d. therapy group

b. resocialization

What is the term for the tension among roles connected to a single status? a. role conflict b. role strain c. role ambiguity d. role exit

b. role strain

_________ is that it is a nonreactive research methodology a. survey research b. secondary date analysis c. participant observation d. field research

b. secondary data analysis

_______ defines who and what we are in relation to others a. role b. status c. role set d. ideal culture

b. status

Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe: a. they are too weak to decide for themselves b. the group is better informed than they are c. dissent is a form of weakness d. large groups never make mistakes

b. the group is better informed than they are

when Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find burger kings, h&ms, and even Walmart stores in the foreign cities. this is an example of: a. in group/out group dynamic b. the mcdonaldization of society c. a bureaucracy d. counterculture

b. the mcdonaldization of society

The process by which people creatively shape reality through their social interaction is: a. the dramaturgical analysis b. the social construction of reality c. the Thomas theorem d. all of these are correct

b. the social construction of reality

Both statuses and roles in the United states: a. are the same as those found around the world b. vary from one culture to another c. are exactly the same for men and women d. none of these are correct

b. vary from one culture to another

there are ______ steps in the scientific method process a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8

c. 6

Who thought that previous theories of moral development may have been gender bias? a. piaget b. Freud c. Gilligan d. Kohlberg

c. Gilligan

social control refers to a set of rules and understandings that control the behavior of individuals and groups within a culture. which of the following would not be considered a rule of social control? a. society controls behavior using a set of sanctions b. proper behavior elicits a reward c. society must contain many cultural patterns d. improper behavior fosters a punishment

c. a society must contain many cultural patterns

Strain theory: a. argues that morality is based on wealth b. asserts that motivation and personal responsibility are the key factors in living a healthy life c. addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals d. States individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance

c. addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals

which of the following concepts refers to a social position that is received at birth or involuntarily taken on later in life? a. status set b. master status c. ascribed status d. achieved status

c. ascribed status

the concept cultural integration alerts us to the fact that: a. us society contains many cultural patterns b. European cultural patterns dominate US society c. change in one cultural pattern is usually linked to changes in others d. everyone in the United states shares most cultural values

c. change in one cultural pattern is usually linked to change in others

in his observation _____ believed that society's knowledge passed through ______ staged which he observed in France a. durkheim, 3 b. martineau, 3 c. comte, 3 d. martineau, 4

c. comte, 3

Kellan wants to shop at express or the new school year, but because all of his friend shop at Pacific sun, Kellan does as well. Kellan's behavior is an example of: a. consumer orientated discretion b. laissez-faire leadership c. conformity d. out group dynamics

c. conformity

The process by which one generation passes culture to the next generation is: a. cultural imperialism b. ethnocentrism c. cultural transmission d. cultural integration

c. cultural transmission

what is the term for the beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that, together, constitute a people's way of life a. social structure b. social system c. culture d. society

c. culture

Sam had an unpleasant and frightening experience encountering a stage way of life when he visited another country over spring break. his experience is called: a. value conflict b. cultural diffusion c. culture shock d. assimilation

c. culture shock

which of the following would not be an element of resocialization? a. supervision b. control and standardization c. encouraging individualism d. formal rules

c. encouraging individualism

after the industrial revolution, farm work was replaced by _______ work a. city b. labor c. factory d. commerce

c. factory

pre-industiral societies were dependent on: a. specialized occupations b. labor saving machines c. human labor d. global resources

c. human labor

By "taking the role of the other," mead had in mind: a. imagining a situation in terms of past experience b. recognizing that people have different views of most situations c. imagining a situation from another person's point of view d. trading self-centeredness for a focus on helping other people

c. imagining a situation from another person's point of view

"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime: a. is always more serious b. is always less serious c. is a violation of norms enacted into law d. involves a larger share of the population

c. is a violation of norms enacted into law

an instrumental leader: a. promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported b. refers to the main focus or goal of the leader c. is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks d. rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement

c. is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks

research suggests that, with regard to social class, arrest for serious crime a. is about the same for people of all class levels b. is higher for people in higher class levels c. is higher for people in lower class levels d. almost always involved middle. class people

c. is higher for people in lower class levels

the concept of ethnocentrism refers to: a. taking pride in one's ethnicity b. judging another culture as better than ones own c. judging another culture by the standard of one's own culture d. judging another culture by its own standard

c. judging another culture by the standard of one's own culture

Christine is president of her improvisation comedy troupe. when making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselges. Christine is a (n)____ leader a. authroitian b. Democratic c. laissez-faire d. Republican

c. laissez-faire

another key German founder of sociology was? a. emile durkheim b. Jacob krutcfelt c. max weber d. auguste comte

c. max weber

the focus of Lawrence kohlbergs research was: a. cognitive development b. the importance of gender in socialization c. moral reasoning d. all of the above are correct

c. moral reasoning

Cultural transmission refer to the process of: a. learning culture b. using the oral tradition c. passing cultural patterns from one generation to another d. using writing to record cultural patterns

c. passing cultural patterns from one generation to another

Jake receives a promotion at his law firm after winning an important case. This is an example of a: a. positive informal sanction b. negative informal sanction c. positive formal sanction d. negative formal sanction

c. positive formal sanction

which of the following term relates to consistency in measurement? a. validity b. concept c. reliability d. coefficient

c. reliability

The Thomas theorem states that: a. a role is as a role does b. people act out only the roles that their culture provides c. situations defined as real are real in their consequences d. people know the world only through the roles they perform

c. situations defined as real are real in their consequences

every society regulates the behavior of individuals with the goal of preventing deviance. the process of regulation is called: a. neighborhood watch b. childhood socialization c. social control d. the legal system

c. social control

________ is a phenomena within society that typically exists independent of individual choices and actions a. anomie b. social integration c. social facts d. collective facts

c. social facts

In a causation we say x-y meaning that one variable has caused a chance change in another variable. the variable that changes is called: a. the operationalized variable b. the independent variable c. the dependent variable d. the spurious variable

c. the dependent variable

according to George Herbert mead, when children learn the common behavioral expectations of society, they are processing the idea of: a. role models b. significant others c. the generalized other d. looking glass models

c. the generalized other

after men left their homes and became breadwinners, what happened to women? a. they took care of the farm b. they became social forces in their small towns c. they became the supervisors of home based work and production d. they no longer needed to work

c. they became the supervisors of home based work and production

victimization surveys show that the actual amount of crime in the United States is about ______ what official reports indicate a. half of b. the same as c. three times greater than d. ten times greater than

c. three times greater than

Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a: a. voluntary organization b. paparazzi organization c. utilitarian organization d. coercive organization

c. utilitarian organization

Standards by which people who share culture define what is desirable, good, and beautiful are called: a. folkways b. norms c. values

c. values

according to erikson, there are how many stages of development? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8

d. 8

_______ emphasized the scientific methodology in using sociology to solve real world social ills such as poverty a. Herbert Spencer b. talcott parsons c. mac weber d. Lester ward

d. Lester ward

The term meritocracy is defined by the text as: a. a status-based regime in which advancement is unlikely b. the removal of personal feelings from my professional situation c. an authoritarian devalue of employee d. a bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills

d. a bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills

xenocentrism is: a. basically the same thing as ethnocentrism b. is the belief that another culture is inferior to your own c. a condition one may experience after being exposed to excessive amounts of xnites d. a condition one may experience after what they perceive experiencing, a more upright in noble way of living in another culture

d. a condition one may experience after what they perceive experiencing, a more upright in noble way of living in another culture

Sandy is standing in line for Kanye West tickets. the line wraps around the block, spilling into the streets and crowding store windows. Sandy is part of a (n): a. dyad b. triad c. in-group d. aggregate

d. aggregate

common characteristics of families after the industrial revolution included a. children and women sometimes went to work in factories b. families became smaller c. every member still had to work to support and sustain the family economy d. all of the above

d. all of the above

critics of Erik h. Eriksons theory of personality development point out that: a. not everyone confronts life stages in the exact order given by erikson b. failing to meet the challenge of one stage of development may not mean failing at later challenges c. this development process may unhold differently on various times and in various places d. all of the above are correct

d. all of the above are correct

According to Goffman, which of the following might be part of the classroom performance of a professor? a. use of props, such as books and notes b. use of a stage, including lectern or desk c. manner, such as trying to appear in charge of the situation d. all of these are correct

d. all of these are correct

in recent years, crime rates have declined in the United states due to: a. a reduction in the youth population b. an increasing number of police c. building more prisons d. all of these are correct

d. all of these are correct

a total institution can be defined as: a. a business which offers career advice for federal employees b. a group in which the masses have a large influence in decision making c. a clear chain of command found in a bureaucracy d. an organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs

d. an organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs

sociologist defined a symbol as: a. any element of material culture b. any gesture that conveys insult to others c. cultural patterns that cause cultural shock d. anything that carries a meaning to people who share a culture

d. anything that carries a meaning to people who share a culture

characteristics of families prior to the industrial revolution a. families lived on smaller farms b. every able member of the family did work to support and sustain the family economy c. families were living in small "flats" in cities d. both a & b

d. both a & b

which theorist studied the power elite, and the influence they had over society? a. Karl Marx b. Carl Sagan c. emile durkheim d. c. wright mills

d. c. wright mills

a famous socialite is court ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. the socialite is about to become a member of a: a. voluntary organization b. paparazzi organization c. utilitarian organization d. coercive organization

d. coercive organization

Jean piagets focus was on: a. how children develop their motor skills b. how children respond to stimulation c. the role heredity in shaping human behavior d. cognition, which means how people think and understand

d. cognition, which means how people think and understand

the spread of cultural traits from one society to another is called: a. immigration b. invention c. integration d. diffusion

d. diffusion

the practice of judging another culture by the standards of its own culture is referred to as: a. xenocentrism b. cultural imperialism c. cultural relativism d. ethnocentrism

d. ethnocentrism

the concept "reference groups" can be defined as: a. groups which consist of people for whom an individual feels great disdain b. groups a person belongs to and feels that they are an integral part of his or her identity c. people who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way d. groups to which an individual compares himself or herself

d. groups to which an individual compares himself or herself

grace works in at an advertising agency. graces coworkers help her complete presentations, contact clients, and assist her with research. her coworkers are serving a (n): a. expressive function b. intrinsic function c. elementary function d. instrumental function

d. instrumental function

The process of creating new cultural elements which change our way of life: a. discovery b. diffusion c. innovation d. invention

d. invention

in first grade, Scott is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brother had behavioral problems themselves. throughout grade school, Scott gains a reputation as a "problem" chold. Scott eventually drops out of school, thinking he was born to fail anyway. which school of thought best fits Scott's experience? a. strain theory b. control theory c. differential association theory d. labeling theory

d. labeling theory

which theorist felt: a rational society is one built around logic and efficiency rather than morality or tradition? a. Karl Marx b. emile durkheim c. Adam Smith d. max weber

d. max weber

according to the social-conflict approach, what a society labels as deviant is based mostly on: a. how often certain acts occur b. the moral foundation of the culture c. how harmful the act is to the public as a whole d. patterns of inequality and who has more power

d. pattern of inequality and who has more power

which of the following is not a characteristic of a bureaucracy: a. explicit rules b. clear division of labor c. impersonality d. personality based promotion

d. personality based promotion

any specific group you choose to study as: all Carl sandburg students, all presently enrolled Carl sandburg students, all past Carl sandburg students, or maybe all Carl sandburg students engaged in sports programs would be considered your research ______ a. sample b. content group c. random sample d. population

d. population

_________ data refers to data collected in numerical form that can be counted and tabulated a. qualitative b. numerical c. survey d. quantitative

d. quantitative

The purpose of a ____ is to represent the population as a whole, giving the researcher the ability to generalize his/her findings to the whole population: a. sample b. content group c. large sample d. random sample

d. random sample

The key concept of chapter 4 of the text, the process by which people act and react in relation to others, is: a. social status b. social exchange c. social reaction d. social interaction

d. social interaction

which concept refers to the formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials? a. the normative system b. socialization c. civil law d. the criminal justice system

d. the criminal justice system

Which of the following is not a requirement to show cause and effect? a. existence of a correlation b. the independent (casual) variable precession the dependent variable in time c. no evidence suggests that a third variable is responsible for a spurious correlation between the two original variables d. the independent and the dependent variable were equal

d. the independent and the dependent variable were equal

which variable is considered the casual variable in that we say this variable causes change in some other variable? a. the dependent variable b. the spurious variable c. the operationalized variable d. the independent variable

d. the independent variable

many of the populations that a sociologist might choose to study are extremely large. the size of the population may prohibit the researchers ability to gather data from every subject in that population. instead the researcher may select a sample of the population. which of the following is not true of the sample? a. a sample is a smaller more manageable number of the population that represent the larger population b. a success of a study relies on how well the sample does represent the larger population c. to ensure the larger population is well represented the sample should be a random sample d. the success of a study relies on how large of sample that is selected

d. the success of a study relies on how late of sample that is selected

the term secondary deviance can be defined as: a. when positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society's expectations b. when a violation of norms does not result in any long term effect on an individual's self image or interactions with others c. when negative in formal sanctions encourage an individual to seek more positive behavioral choices d. when a person's self concept and behavior began to change after his or her actions are labeled deviant by members of society

d. when a person's self concept and behavior began to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society

which of the following play a part in creating a global culture? a. the flow of goods b. the flow of information c. the flow of people d. none of the above e. all of the above

e. all of the above