SOCI 111 ch. 11 review quiz

In the United States, the infant mortality rate is highest for which of the following groups? Latinos African Americans Native Americans Asians and Pacific Islanders

African Americans

What have studies shown about the overall health of black and white Americans with similar incomes and education levels? Blacks have worse health than whites, regardless of income or education level. Blacks with lower income and lower education levels have higher rates of diabetes and obesity, whereas whites with lower income and a lower level of education have higher rates of lung cancer and a higher incidence of stroke. Blacks and whites with similar incomes and levels of education levels have similar health outcomes. Blacks with higher income and a higher level of education have higher rates of heart disease and high cholesterol, whereas whites in the same category have higher rates of hypertension and respiratory disease.

Blacks have worse health than whites, regardless of income or education level.

What is an accepted explanation for higher mortality rates among men? Men are less likely than women to stick to a healthy diet and exercise plan. Men are less likely than women to see a doctor for seemingly minor illnesses or injuries that can become more serious if not treated. Even among men and women with similarly stressful jobs, men tend to cope by eating, smoking, and drinking, whereas women are more likely to exercise to deal with the stress. Men are genetically predisposed to develop forms of cancer that are more likely to lead to death.

Men are less likely than women to see a doctor for seemingly minor illnesses or injuries that can become more serious if not treated.

How has the Internet affected the doctor-patient relationship? Patients can research their symptoms prior to meeting with a physician and may (or may not) speak more knowledgably about their condition and possible treatments. Patients have less need to see physicians in person because they can research their condition and possible treatments and request treatment online. Patients refuse to participate in "virtual visits," which involve connecting with doctors online to ask questions. Confidentiality rules make less information for patients available online.

Patients can research their symptoms prior to meeting with a physician and may (or may not) speak more knowledgably about their condition and possible treatments.

Arenda is the oldest of five children. Shayna is an only child. According to research on determinants of mortality, who is at higher risk of dying young? Shayna Arenda We can't say because mortality is too difficult to predict. Both are equally at risk.

Shayna

The passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) involved a lengthy political battle between Congress and President Obama. How did the ACA represent a shift in the relationship between doctors and patients? The ACA further reduced the power that doctors have. The ACA gave health insurance companies less power and doctors more power. The ACA relied on the American Medical Association to empower doctors. The ACA allowed millions of formerly uninsured people to choose any doctor they wanted.

The ACA further reduced the power that doctors have.

What is the paradox of using antibiotics to fight bacterial infections? Antibiotics are very effective at fighting bacterial infections, but they can also trigger other illnesses in patients who use them. As antibiotics have become more effective and available, their price has increased, making it more difficult for the people who need them most to obtain them. The increased use of antibiotics has led to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. As antibiotics have become cheaper, pharmaceutical companies choose to focus on developing more profitable drugs, with an accompanying decrease in research and development for basic antibiotics.

The increased use of antibiotics has led to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.

Height brings benefits to the tall, so we expect good things for the Dutch, who are now the tallest in the world. What is part of the reason why the United States lags behind in average height, despite the nation's general prosperity? Earning more money leads to poor health due to poor diet and exercise habits and excessive work among Americans. Shorter people in the United States lead unusually unhealthy lifestyles. The psychological stress induced in victims of the inequality present in the United States may exact a toll via stress reactions. Compared to Americans, Dutch people spend less money on junk food when they are rich.

The psychological stress induced in victims of the inequality present in the United States may exact a toll via stress reactions.

(Q005) How did the development of licensing standards in the nineteenth century affect the medical profession? They led to an increase in demand for medical training as the profession became more appealing. They led to the emergence of more specialties and subspecialties in the field of medicine. They made the medical profession more exclusive and gave doctors more economic power. They gave patients the power to hold doctors accountable for their actions through legal action.

They made the medical profession more exclusive and gave doctors more economic power.

What best represents the idea that mental illness is socially constructed? changes in the American Psychiatric Association's DSM the rise in rates of depression the widespread use of drugs to treat mental illness the negative effect of stress on health

changes in the American Psychiatric Association's DSM

Kelli is a medical sociologist who studies how growing up in high poverty neighborhoods affects a person's genes. Her research is on the topic of biomedical culture. the social construction of illness. the drift explanation of health disparities. epigenetics.

epigenetics.

Aisha is a successful television producer with two children, and is married to an attorney. She overhears a conversation at work about the dangers of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure from plastic bottles. She does some research on the Internet and contacts her family doctor with questions. Then she replaces her family's plastic cups and bottles with non-BPA products. The fact that after Aisha learned about the dangers, she could research the subject and take action to protect her family is an example of which interpretation of the theory that social position causes health outcomes? materialist interpretation drift interpretation fundamental causes interpretation psychosocial interpretation

fundamental causes interpretation

Paul is a father and a successful manager earning six figures. At age 48, he is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Paul finds it increasingly difficult to do basic tasks such as driving, typing, and even walking. As his disease progresses, he is eventually terminated from his job, leaving him unemployed. Gradually, friends stop calling and party invitations taper off. Paul and his family have been "downgraded" in their socioeconomic status in accordance with the drift explanation, which asserts that the relationship between higher morbidity and income is spurious. one's social status determines health. differential access to a healthy life is the result of socioeconomic factors. health determines social position.

health determines social position.

Celiac disease affects a moderate number of people worldwide. Gluten intolerance is claimed to be more widely spread and is more difficult to evaluate clinically. A recent clinical study found that even when subjects were given a strictly controlled placebo diet, they reported a worsening of the symptoms commonly reported by people complaining of gluten intolerance. This is an example of the ease of diagnosing celiac disease. the reactions of others to a chronic illness. how people learn the sick role and behave accordingly. how a stigma can be attached to anyone.

how people learn the sick role and behave accordingly.

Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) were an early attempt to control healthcare costs. In this model, the provider (doctor) receives a capitation, which is a fee per person and not per treatment. The major shortcoming of this approach is that it still requires the patient to pay a fee. the incentive is to avoid going to the doctor it may lead to undertreatment. doctors may try to see a patient more often than necessary.

it may lead to undertreatment.

Having to wait after checking in for an appointment to see a doctor is evidence of the individualized objectivity demonstrated by doctors. scarcity of doctors in the United States. power and prestige of doctors in our society. problem of supplier-induced demand.

power and prestige of doctors in our society.

What factors, besides access to drug therapies, are key to fighting diseases in developing countries? increasing access to urban areas proper nutrition and clean water population control monetary support from financial institutions

proper nutrition and clean water

The importance of the Whitehall Study was to show that equal access to health care equalizes health outcomes for people of different socioeconomic backgrounds. universal health care is a better predictor of positive health outcomes than socioeconomic status. social networks predict health outcomes in both parents and their children. social factors such as where a person lives, what a person does for a living, and how much money a person earns have a great influence on health.

social factors such as where a person lives, what a person does for a living, and how much money a person earns have a great influence on health.

Following a friend's biopsy, which was benign, the doctor and the staff scheduled a few future appointments for her. Your friend tells you how difficult it was to try to stop what she called "auto-bookings." Within the medical profession, this approach to health care is common and refers to supplier-induced demand. continuity of care. managed care. patient hysteria.

supplier-induced demand.

(Q019) In his interview with Dalton Conley, Jeffrey Sachs explains that malaria has been a major cause of economic failure in Africa, but not in Asia. Morbidity is very high with malaria, thereby lowering productivity. One of the major reasons why malaria is a bigger problem in Africa than in Asia has to do with the failure of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to provide adequate antimalarial programs. the widespread corruption in African governments, which siphons money from health programs. the Vedic farming system, which was not able to succeed in Africa due to the prevalence of discriminatory attitudes against Hindus by African peoples. the absence of a mixed animal-crop system, which makes the mosquitoes find a new target.

the absence of a mixed animal-crop system, which makes the mosquitoes find a new target.

(Q001) What is a professional norm for doctors? their social prestige and respectability within a community the level of education required to become a doctor and the high economic value of their services their ability to analyze medical data about patients the intimate but objective nature of their conversations with patients

the intimate but objective nature of their conversations with patients

Jamal is a medical doctor doing volunteer work in rural India. He comes across a man suffering from leprosy (an infectious disease) and offers to provide him with antibiotics that will cure his sickness. However, the man refuses the treatment saying that it won't help, that he has been cursed by the gods for his bad behavior and must suffer his punishment. Jamal finds that this belief is widespread in the region, which is making his work very difficult. This is an example of the social determinants of health. fundamental causes. the decline in doctors' authority. the social construction of illness.

the social construction of illness.

What is an example of medicalization? increasing requirements for medical degrees viewing drug addiction as a disease that can be treated an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of diseases from overprescribing antibiotics decreased rates of elective cesarean sections in the United States

viewing drug addiction as a disease that can be treated