SOCI 1301 Chapter 8 Practice

British sociologist Ralf Dahrendorf views social classes as groups of people who share common interests resulting from their authority relationships. Dahrendorf's ideology aligns best with which theoretical perspective?

conflict

Which of the following statements regarding poverty in the United States is false?

Higher poverty rates are more common in urban rather than rural areas.

Achieved Status

Mother Nurse Student Convicted Felon

What is the underlying assumption of this article about staying at home and not working when you are a well-educated woman?

Staying at home to raise children has lower status than working full-time.

Which is more appropriate as a level of analysis for studying educational funding and outcomes—the macro level or the micro level?

The educational system is a social institution in society, but also involves daily individual interactions between teachers and students in the classroom. Both the macro and micro levels of analysis are essential.

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning income over the past 40 years?

The incomes of both the upper and lower classes increased, while the middle class's share of income declined.

Which of the three scenarios uses the macro level of analysis for examining the corporate bailout of 2008?

both Heather and Chrissy.

A subjective awareness of common vested interests and the need for collective political action to bring about social change is referred to as

class consciousness.

Membership in this system of stratification is based on a combination of both birth and personal achievement.

class system

Based on the data from the Census Bureau presented in the article above, the increase in stay-at-home moms in the past ten years has been __________ percent.

15

__________ is the minimum level of resources that no family should live below.

Absolute poverty

Why has student loan debt become such a serious concern for American society in the last few decades?

All of these answers are correct.

__________ is an economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits.

Capitalism

Match the views offered by Chase, Amanda, and Kathy with the sociological perspective, level of analysis, and research methodology regarding problems and solutions related to school funding inequity.

Chase Kathy Amanda Amanda Chase Kathy Kathy Chase Amanda

Founding sociologist, Karl Marx, would be most agreeable to which of the women's views from the scenarios?

Chrissy

Chrissy

Conflict Haves vs Have-nots Economic inequality The government is taking tax payers= dollars and distributing them to wealthy corporations, while at the same time taking money away from social welfare programs that are desperately in need.

Ascribed Status

Daughter White Female Her family's socioeconomic status Achieved

Heather

Functionalist Economic stability Positive consequences Giving tax incentives to corporations make sound economic sense, because those companies become more globally competitive, sell more goods, employ more people, and put more money back into our economy.

Olivia

Interactionist Social networks Symbols of wealth Senators and bankers share a world of extreme wealth and the symbols (clothes, cars, houses, and travel) that go with it.

__________ mobility involves changes in social position within a person's adult life.

Intragenerational

Which of the following is an example of conspicuous consumption?

Julie buys an expensive painting to show off her social status.

__________ poverty is a floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society, whatever their lifestyles, are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison with the nation as a whole.

Relative

If a study of school funding and educational outcomes were to focus specifically on patterns of female students across the United States who were inadequately prepared for college after graduating high school, this would be an application of the feminist perspective, which is most closely aligned with the __________ perspective.

conflict

According to Marx, exploitation of the proletariat will inevitably lead to the

destruction of capitalism.

In a class system, groups are ranked by __________ status.

economic

Membership in this system of stratification is based on birth and the distribution of farm land as a source of wealth.

estate system

Gabrielle's concern about her reputation and potential embarrassment for her lawyer parents after the DUI arrest most closely relates to which of the following aspects of stratification?

esteem

Based on the statistics, __________ have a higher rate of incarceration for drug possession and drug trafficking than the opposite sex. This may have a ______ impact on Christie's likelihood of being incarcerated for possessing the full bottle of her mother's prescription painkillers.

females; negative

According to the __________ perspective, stratification is necessary for the efficient functioning of society.

functionalist

Airline pilots and police officers have the same occupational prestige ranking. Suppose that a former airline pilot becomes a police officer. Sociologists call this kind of movement __________ mobility.

horizontal

If a sociologist were to study the different meanings of social stigma in society for a middle-class family who lost their home to foreclosure compared to a wealthy CEO having to give up his six-figure bonus and private jet, which sociological perspective would be most valuable for understanding the impact of the financial crisis on daily lives?

interactionist

Kathy's concern that students from minority groups and disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds may be stereotyped and labeled as "unteachable" is an application of the _________ perspective.

interactionist

Max Weber referred to people's likelihood of obtaining valued economic resources, living conditions, and life experiences as

life chances.

Max Weber saw social class as being closely related to people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable life experiences. These opportunities, conditions, and experiences are termed

life chances.

Jeanette realizes the harsh reality of social stratification, in particular, the influence of wealth and __________, once she learns that the driver who damaged her car is from a well-to-do family with connections to the large company for whom she works.

power

The fact that Jeanette is only 3 months at her new job indicates that her __________ may be less than that of the culprit driver's due to his higher level of wealth and family's connection to her boss. As a result of stratification, her relative inability to exert influence in defending her rights in the case and in keeping her job, plays greatly into her decision whether or not file a law suit.

power

If Gabrielle's DUI arrest were to result in a conviction and she could no longer continue her plans to become a successful lawyer like her parents, she might choose instead to be a teacher or social worker. While these are admirable careers, compared to her original plan of becoming a lawyer, she would rank much lower in terms of _________ in the U.S. stratification system.

prestige

Having grown up on a Navajo reservation, Jeanette is highly aware of injustice and the abuse of power, leading her to doubt the value in pursuing the lawsuit. Being Native American is primarily an example of __________ as it relates to inequality within the social stratification system in the United States for Jeanette.

race

Gabrielle's parents are both successful lawyers who are able to send her to expensive, prestigious schools. Her __________ is that of the upper class, which refers to a measure of social class that is based on income, education, and __________.

socioeconomic status (SES); occupation

Christie's __________ will likely have a __________ impact on the outcome of her court hearing, as it relates to her ability to hire a quality attorney, rather than use an assigned public defender who is overloaded with clients and may have severely limited time to devote to her case.

socioeconomic status; negative

If a family was in the bottom fifth in 1988, what group were they most likely to move in to?

the lower middle

Which groups' families are most likely to remain in their class ten years later?

the top fifth and bottom fifth

Sociologist William Julius Wilson, and other social scientists, have used which term to describe the long-term poor who lack training and skills?

underclass

Sean works as a surgeon at a prominent hospital in the United States. He would most likely be considered to be a member of the

upper-middle class.

Robert worked as a grocery clerk to pay his way through college. After he graduated, he became a lawyer. This is an example of

vertical mobility

If Jeanette were to succeed at her new job, receive several promotions, start her own business and amass great wealth, she could potentially rise to a higher social position. Then if she were to encounter a similar hit-and-run driver situation, because of her elevated position, she could file a law suit and "compete" on a more level equal playing field, with individual inequality much less of a factor in the outcome. This type of social mobility is called

vertical mobility.