Soci: Chapter 8

According to sociologists like Howard Winant and Michael Omi, what is the relationship between race and class? A. Race is not a side effect of class; rather it permeates every aspect of daily life. B. Race is a secondary phenomenon that results from the class system. C. Class is an unintended consequence of racial hierarchies. D. There is no relationship at all between race and class. E. Both race and class are created by the modern industrial economy.

A. Race is not a side effect of class; rather it permeates every aspect of daily life.

How do we decide when to display situational ethnicity? A. We decide based on the holiday. B. We consider our families' demands. C. We only consider religious holidays. D. We wait until the end of our life cycle. E. We do a cost-benefit analysis.

E. We do a cost-benefit analysis.

In the 1900s, there was a strong prejudice against Irish immigrants and their descendants. Editorial cartoons often depicted the Irish as physically distinct and as looking like apes. What does this tell you about the history of race in the United States? A. The Irish were once considered to be a separate race. B. Racial hostility is permanent. C. Europe has many different racial groups. D. There must have been significant biological differences between early Protestant immigrants from England and Holland and Catholic immigrants from Ireland. E. Ireland must have changed a great deal over the course of the twentieth century.

A. The Irish were once considered to be a separate race.

What has modern science determined about racial categories? A. There is greater diversity between racial populations than within them. B. Biologically there is no such thing as a pure race. C. Some racial groups are genetically predisposed to be more intelligent than others. D. Some racial groups are genetically predisposed to be more athletically inclined than others. E. There has been almost no mixing of races in American history.

B. Biologically there is no such thing as a pure race.

An action or behavior that results in the unequal treatment of an individual because of his membership in a racial or ethnic group is called: A. prejudice B. discrimination C. pluralism D. passing E. racial assimilation

B. discrimination

When Barack Obama, then a candidate for the presidency, argued that racial prejudice is one of America's defining social problems, he was implicitly acknowledging that: A. low-income women of all ethnicities see marriage as having few benefits. B. membership in socially constructed categories of race and ethnicity can affect people's life chances in many ways. C. race is constructed almost entirely in interaction. D. racism is driven by economic factors, and any solution to racism will have to involve affirmative action. E. race is often exaggerated as a factor in people's lives.

B. membership in socially constructed categories of race and ethnicity can affect people's life chances in many ways.

Displays of ethnic identity that only occur on special occasions are called: A. celebratory ethnicity. B. symbolic ethnicity. C. situational ethnicity. D. quiet race. E. religious identity.

B. symbolic ethnicity.

How is institutional discrimination different from individual discrimination? A. Institutional discrimination involves attitudes or opinions. B.Institutional discrimination can be either positive or negative. C. Institutional discrimination is more systematic and widespread. D. Institutional discrimination is less harmful. E. Institutional discrimination almost never happens today, while individual discrimination is still very common.

C. Institutional Discrimination is more systematic and widespread.

The belief that Asians are genetically predisposed to be more intelligent than Europeans is an example of: A. discrimination. B. cultural assimilation. C.racism. D.racial passing. E.multiculturalism.

C. Racism

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, since 2004 Texas has had a minority population of at least 11.3 million, comprising 50.2 percent of its total population of 22.5 million. The primary minority group is Mexican Americans. However, despite this numerical prominence, Texas has never had a Mexican American governor, and the percentage of Mexican Americans in its state House has never been higher than 26. Why would a sociologist still call Mexican Americans a minority group? A. It was only in the last decade that they stopped being a numerical minority. B. They are still only a plurality, not a numerical majority. C. They are denied access to power and resources. D. There are several other racial and ethnic groups that are more prominent in Texas. E. A sociologist would not call them a minority group.

C. They are denied access to power and resources.

How do sociologists define a minority group? A. a group that makes up less than 50 percent of the total population B. a group that makes up less than 20 percent of the total population C. a group whose members suffer from unequal treatment D. a group that is smaller than the dominant group E. a group that is overrepresented in the educational system

C. a group whose members suffer from unequal treatment

How do sociologists define a minority group? A. a group that makes up less than 50 percent of the total population B. a group that makes up less than 20 percent of the total population C. a group whose members suffer from unequal treatment D. a group that is smaller than the dominant group E. a group that is overrepresented in the educational system

C. a group whose members suffer from unequal treatment

In 1993 six African American Secret Service agents filed a complaint with the Department of Justice against Denny's for refusal of service because the restaurant took much longer to serve them than other customers. After they filed the complaint, thousands of other African Americans came forward with similar allegations. What are these allegations evidence of? A. situational ethnicity B. assimilation C. institutional discrimination D. individual discrimination E. internal colonialism

C. institutional discrimination

In the early 1900s, native-born Americans, usually Protestants, did not consider Irish, Italian, or Jewish immigrants to be white. What does this illustrate? A. racial passing B. an enactment of symbolic ethnicity C. the social construction of race D. racial purity E. racial superiority

C. the social construction of race

In the novel The Human Stain by Philip Roth, a professor at a college in the Northeast is forced into early retirement after he is accused of racism. The charge turns out to be ironic when the reader learns that the professor has a secret: he was born to African American parents and has been covering up his heritage and living as a white man for his whole adult life. What is this an example of? A. reverse discrimination B. assimilation C. hegemony D. individual discrimination D. Passing

D. Passing

There are a number of derogatory terms in the United States for members of minority groups who have assimilated. "Oreo," "twinkie," and "coconut" are all rude terms for people who are one color on the outside, but "white on the inside," that is, people whose behavior doesn't match their skin color. What term embodies these insults? A. passing B. symbolic ethnicity C.discrimination D. identity challenges E. institutional racism

D. identity challenges

After the Civil War, most southern states passed laws that barred African Americans and whites from sharing most kinds of public facilities. This is an example of: A. subjugation. B. ethnic cleansing. C. racial assimilation. D. segregation. E. internal colonialism.

D. segregation.