SOCI: chpater 10

Schools that blend high school and college are called: A. charter schools. B. early college high schools. C. hybrid schools. D. junior colleges. E. college achievement schools.

B. early college high schools.

Before 1900, approximately what percentage of Americans graduated from high school? A. 2 percent B. 10 percent C. 22 percent D. 50 percent E. 87 percent

A. 2 percent

Robert is walking down the street late at night in New York City when a man in a ski mask suddenly sticks a gun in his face and takes his wallet. Sociologists would say that Robert's mugger had ____________ but not ____________. A. power; authority B. authority; power C. authoritarianism; power D. totalitarianism; total power E. authority; politics

A. power; authority

When audience members manipulate commercially produced media products, often to tell stories or express ideas very different from the original, they are doing what Henry Jenkins called: A. textual poaching. B. encoding. C. gratification consumption. D. hypodermic media consumption. E. all of the above

A. textual poaching.

When John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon debated during the 1960 presidential campaign, voters who watched the debate on television were more likely to see Kennedy as the winner than those who listened to it on radio. Why? A. Television owners were more likely to be wealthy, and wealthy voters supported Kennedy. B. Nixon refused to take advice on hair, makeup, and clothing that would make him look better on camera. C. Radio distorted Kennedy's voice in ways that made him sound immature. D. Nixon was shorter than Kennedy, which made him look less impressive on television. E. Nixon's voice was more soothing and confident than Kennedy's.

B. Nixon refused to take advice on hair, makeup, and clothing that would make him look better on camera.

Why do critics object to school vouchers? A. They believe that vouchers will undermine the independence of private schools. B. They believe that vouchers will drain funds from vulnerable public schools and cause them to deteriorate further. C. They believe that vouchers will reduce the number of choices and amount of control that parents have over their children's education. D. They fear that vouchers will cause students to be socially, rather than educationally, disadvantaged. E. all of the above

B. They believe that vouchers will drain funds from vulnerable public schools and cause them to deteriorate further.

According to Randall Collins, our educational system is much like a "tribal initiation rite," a "secret society," or a "closed occupational caste," not a rational system that produces more efficient production, but a mechanism for: A. creating gender inequality in the workforce. B. reproducing the existing class structure. C. punishing those who deviate from mainstream American values. D. teaching the values and ideals that we need to function in society today. E. making inner-city schools extraordinarily unhappy places.

B. reproducing the existing class structure.

Systems and structures that persist over time and help to organize group life are called: A. social controls. B. social institutions. C. secular institutions. D. political or governmental institutions. E. pluralistic situations.

B. social institutions.

John Dewey, an American educational reformer, once wrote, "Perhaps the greatest of all pedagogical fallacies is that a person learns only the particular thing he is studying at the time. Collateral learning in the way of formation of enduring attitudes, of likes and dislikes, may be and often is, more important." What is another term for what Dewey calls "collateral learning?" A. microinequalities B. the hidden curriculum C. conflict theory D. symbolic interactionism E. simulacrums

B. the hidden curriculum

What did C. Wright Mills mean by the term "power elite"? A. members of legislatures and courts who complete for power and influence B. members of the media who set the agenda for politics in the United States C. a small group of people who occupy key positions in political, economic, and military institutions D. individuals who have enough wealth to contribute to a political action committee E. a diverse group of individuals in a community who have influence over the voting behaviors of their friends and neighbors

C. a small group of people who occupy key positions in political, economic, and military institutions

In 2009, shortly after Sarah Palin resigned as Governor of Alaska, a Republican political strategist asked, "If Sarah Palin looked like Golda Meir, would we even be talking about her today?" No matter what else you might say about this quote, it reminds us that politics today: A. requires immense amounts of money to succeed. B. has very little connection to the lives of everyday people. C. rewards style over substance. D. is based on sound bytes. E. is mostly scripted by spin doctors.

C. rewards style over substance.

Mike McCurry was the White House Press Secretary from 1995 to 1998. It was his job to field questions from the press and explain the president's policies and attitudes in language that was compelling and persuasive. According to this job description, he could be called a(n): A. advocate of new media. B. 527 committee member. C. spin doctor. D. member of the fourth estate. E. technocrat.

C. spin doctor.

What is a political system that denies ordinary people participation or representation in their government called? A. pluralist B. democratic C. disenfranchisement D. authoritarian E. secular

D. authoritarian

The assumption that media consumers automatically accept whatever meaning is in the "texts" they consume is called: A. the active audience model. B. the encoding-decoding model. C. textual poaching. D. the magic bullet model. E. uses and gratification theory.

D. the magic bullet model.

During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in England, schools like Trinity College at Cambridge (The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity) existed primarily to educate ministers, so their curriculum leaned very heavily on theology. Today the vast majority of university students will never take any theology classes, although many will take courses designed to fulfill a diversity requirement. Why did this change? A. We have fundamentally rethought what we understood to be knowledge. B. Universities in those days were controlled by the state. C. The Internet has altered social relations to such an extent that education in certain subjects no longer seems important. D. There are more colleges now, so students who are told they must take theology classes can simply transfer to a different school. E. The knowledge, values, and expectations required to succeed in contemporary society are different from those required then.

E. The knowledge, values, and expectations required to succeed in contemporary society are different from those required then.

A typical media conglomerate might include which of the following? A. a book and magazine publisher B. radio and television broadcasters C. a sports franchise D. none of the above E. all of the above

E. all of the above

A sociologist who is concerned that people will uncritically accept political biases in the media they consume probably believes that: A. audiences are active. B. audiences seek out the same media to meet different needs. C. audiences can transform pieces of the media to suit their own needs. D. the media are largely a grassroots effort. E. audiences are mostly passive.

E. audiences are mostly passive.

What development transformed and expanded the role of distance learning in the American educational system? A. the increasing use of school vouchers B. the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act in 2002 C.a rise in immigration, leading to a large population of non-English-speaking students D. the deterioration of the infrastructure in educational institutions E.the rise of the Internet

E. the rise of the Internet