Social 9, Chapter 5
Health Factor
is assessed as health requirements that must be met in order to prevent putting citizens at risk, or to prevent an excessive demand on Canada's health services
who created the National Policy?
it was formulated by John A. Macdonald's Conservative government in 1873.
Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, 2002 34. A permanent resident or a foreign national is inadmissible on security grounds for:
(a) engaging in an act of espionage or an act of subversion against a democratic government, institution or process as they are understood in Canada; (b) engaging in or instigating the subversion by force of any government; (c) engaging in terrorism; (d) being a danger to the security of Canada; (e) engaging in acts of violence that would or might endanger the lives or safety of persons in Canada; or (f) being a member of an organization that there are reasonable grounds to believe engages, has engaged or will engage in acts referred to in paragraph (a), (b) or (c).
Singh decision (date, type)
1985 Supreme Court decision
Immigration by province and territory, 2006
3% Rest of Canada 4% Manitoba 8% Alberta 17% B.C. 18% Québec 50% Ontario
Immigrants' knowledge of French and English, 2006
5% French 33% Neither 53% English 9% Both French and English
how was labour back in 2007 for Alberta?
Alberta's Minister of Employment, Immigration and Industry said in 2007 that Alberta was facing labour shortages.
What was the policy Canada had on people immigrating from India? (1914)
At the time, Canada's government allowed people from India to enter Canada only if they sailed directly from India without stopping anywhere. Since no shipping line offered this service, Canada's policy excluded immigrants from India.
Satnam Singh
Came to Canada from India seeking refugee status. Canada's government rejected his case under the Immigration Act, 1976.
head-tax
Canada discouraged immigration from China by requiring every Chinese immigrant to pay a fixed fee
what did Canada do in 2006 in regards to Francophone communities?
Canada established a five-year plan to help Francophone communities in minority settings attract French-speaking immigrants.
In the past, who has Canada favoured as immigrants? Who have they denied?
Canada has favoured immigrants of British ancestry and restricted immigration from Asian countries, such as China and India.
Assembly of First Nations, Resolution no. 49 Subject: Immigration Entering Canada vs. Addressing Third World Conditions in First Nations Communities whereas:
Canada is known as one of the world's richest countries, but fails to address the needs of First Nation communities, such as Kashechewan Reserve... Canada fails to consult with the Assembly of First Nations (AFN) leadership on immigration policies and legislation.
How has immigration policy changed in response to security concerns?
Canada's position on refugees evolved in response to world issues
Komagata Maru
Canadian officials did not let the passengers of the Komagata Maru off the ship. Supporters of the protest challenged this decision in court, but lost the case. After two months, the ship was forced to return to Asia.
What is the order of job shortages that were seen back in 2007 in Alberta? (Most to least)
Construction (e.g., carpenters, roofers) 98 Transportation (e.g., truckers, bus drivers) 91 Manufacturing (e.g., chemical engineers) 89 Resource development 86 (e.g., heavy equipment operators) Retail (e.g., sales staff) 85 Hospitality (e.g., hotel staff) 78 Agriculture (e.g., farm labourers) 68 Education, Health, Social Services 58 (e.g., teachers, nurses, doctors, mental health workers, social workers) Overall in Alberta 84
what did the Immigration Act of 1976 disallow for Singh?
Did not allow him to state his case in person or to appeal the government's decision on his case.
what is another area that economic immigrants must present when attempting to gain entry into Canada?
Every potential economic immigrant to Canada must provide proof that they are in good health. This doesn't apply to people entering Canada as refugees or as family-class immigrants.
what are the fastest growing groups in Canada?
First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples are the fastest-growing groups in Canada, and they are under-represented in Canada's workforce.
What is an example of First Nation encountering difficulty in the workforce?
For example, some people can face difficulty gaining access to educational, training and employment opportunities. Where such conditions exist, they can create issues, especially during times when Canada needs more skilled workers and professionals, and seeks to fill these roles partly through immigration.
How does the The Provincial Nomination Program navigate past requirements that the government must meet?
Governments in Canada can't require immigrants to settle in particular places or work in particular jobs. The Provincial Nomination Program increases the likelihood that immigrants will settle in the provinces whose labour needs match their skills.
Refugee Rights Day
In Canada, is celebrated on April 4th following a 1985 Supreme Court decision known as the Singh decision.
who does the point system apply to?
It applies only to economic immigrants. Refugees and family-class immigrants do not have to qualify under the point system.
What is the significance of the Labour force growth? How does it relate to immigration?
It is the key to ensuring economic growth. sometimes between 2011-2016, the number of Canadians entering the labour force will equal the number of people retiring. Without immigration, Canada's labour force will shrink.
how do demographics relate to Canada?
Like many other industrialized countries, Canada is facing significant demographic changes, which has slowed Canada's labour force growth.
Top five first languages of immigrants, 2006
Mandarin English Arabic Punjabi Spanish
What sort of knowledge do people in the Middle East, specifically Syria, have of French? Why?
Many people have some knowledge of French, because France controlled parts of the Middle East during the twentieth century.
Yolande James
Ministre de l'Immigration et des Communautés culturelles (Minister of Immigration and Cultural Communities) in Québec.
If Canada's population is to continue to grow in spite of the birth and death rates, what will be the answer?
immigration will be the source of this growth, unless birth and death rates change
Immigration Categories, 2006
Other (4%), Refugees (13%), Family Class (28%), Economic Immigrants (55%)
Other (4%)
People accepted as immigrants for humanitarian or compassionate reasons.
Refugees (13%)
People who are escaping persecution, torture, or cruel and unusual punishment.
What are the main reasons people are pulled into wanting to immigrate to Canada?
Quality of life. Canada also offers shelter to refugees, who are pushed out of their home countries by war and other circumstances.
What is Canada's policy towards refugees?
Refugees are one of the categories of immigrants established under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act.
Economic Immigrants (55%)
Skilled workers and businesspeople.
Family Class (28%)
Spouses, partners, children, parents and grandparents of people living in Canada.
what did the supreme court clarify in regards to clarifying what the charter stated in regards to who it applied to?
The Supreme Court said everyone in the Charter means everyone — every person physically present in Canada.
What did the supreme court decide in regards to Singh?
The Supreme Court said this violated section 7 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which says: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person, and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice.
Immigration is the responsibility of which government?
The federal government
who do the individual rights in the charter apply to?
The individual rights in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms protect every person in Canada, whether they are citizens or not. The only rights that do not apply to non-citizens are democratic rights, such as the right to vote.
Canada-Québec Accord
is a specific agreement with Québec, where Québec can nominate the percentage of immigrants to Canada that corresponds to its population within Canada.
how did the National Policy target immigrants (area)?
To recruit immigrants, the government targeted the U.S., Britain and many parts of Europe, but not countries with French-speaking populations, such as France, Belgium or Switzerland.
who make up the biggest group of immigrants to Canada?
Today, and for more than a decade, people from Asia have made up the largest group of immigrants to Canada.
what is a struggle that Francophones endure when immigrating to Alberta?
Too many French-speaking immigrants, when they get here, become only numbers — statistics no different than all the other immigrants. Students gravitate to the English schools. The parents are not involved in the schools.
where are the most popular places in which immigrants settle in Canada?
Toronto 39%, Montréal 15%, Vancouver 14%, The rest of Canada, taken together, received 32% of total immigration
How does the Canada-Québec Accord relate to Syria?
Under the Canada-Québec Accord, Québec has an immigration office in this city: Damascus, Syria. Canada's government endorses recruiting French-speaking immigrants from Syria and other countries of the world
Treaties and agreements between First Nations, Inuit or Métis peoples and the government of Canada create...
a commitment for Canada and Aboriginal peoples to work together and share prosperity.
Every person who seeks refugee status in Canada goes through...
a face-to-face hearing with the Immigration and Refugee Board. This is their right because of the Singh decision and Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
accord
a formal agreement
refugees
a person who seeks refuge in another country because of danger or persecution in their home country
in --2007--, at what rate was Alberta receiving immigrants? What is the expected impact of the PNP
about 20 000 immigrants annually, that it would help increase and speed up the flow of immigrants and help address the labour shortage.
Aboriginal peoples
are partners in Canada, that have collective rights under the constitution They have the rightful expectation to be consulted when the government of Canada makes decisions that fundamentally shape the future of the country.
factors for economic immigrant's immigration test (6)
based on education, official languages ability, work experience, age, arranged employment, adaptability
How are Employment and immigration linked to industry?
because industry creates jobs that needs workers.
Why is immigration an important part of Canada's legislative framework?
because it affects the quality of life of Canadians and of people who seek to build a home in Canada
To emigrate to Canada, you need to: (4)
complete a formal application and submit it to Citizenship and Immigration Canada Pay an application fee Pass a medical exam that shows you do not have any illnesses that could endanger Canadians or strain Canada's health care system Pass a security check that shows you have no criminal record and are not a security risk to Canada
point system
dates from 1967, and is part of the criteria Canada uses to decide who to accept as immigrants. (if they're not a part of the refugee or family-class) -evaluates people based on their skills and education.
Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (date)
dates from 2002, and it is the most recent of many laws Canada has had about immigration since confederation.
policies
describes objectives of the government, within the law.
laws
describes principles or conditions that must be followed
what makes up the biggest group of immigrants in our country?
economic immigrants
According to Statistics Canada, sometime between 2025 and 2030, the number of births to Canadian parents will...
equal the number of deaths.
Citizenship and Immigration Canada
federal department responsible for putting Canada's immigration legislation into action.
Immigration poses opportunities and challenges for citizenship:
for building a society in which all Canadians — existing and new — belong
What is an example of the provinical nomination program (alberta)?
for example, that Alberta can specify that it needs immigrants with particular skills
Frank McMahon
former dean of Campus Saint-Jean, University of Alberta. He helped to organize a Francophone symposium on integrating French speaking immigrants to Alberta in 2008.
Some Aboriginal peoples continue to face ....
health, education and employment challenges linked to poverty and the impact of past policies and laws.
Immigration Act 1976. 19. No person shall be granted admission who is a member of any of the following classes:
persons who have engaged in... acts of espionage or subversion against democratic government, institutions or processes, as they are understood in Canada... • persons who there are reasonable grounds to believe will, while in Canada, engage in or instigate the subversion by force of any government
Paulin Mulatris
professor of sociology at Campus Saint-Jean, University of Alberta. Like Frank McMahon, he contributed to the Francophone symposium on integration. Dr. Mulatris immigrated to Canada from the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Provincial Nomination Program
provinces can "nominate" a percentage of the immigrants Canada selects each year. • The program also allows some provinces to set up their own immigration offices in foreign countries.
push factors
reasons for why people would want to leave their home country
pull factors
reasons people would want to immigrate to Canada
The Assembly of First Nations
represents many, but not all, First Nations in Canada. The AFN seeks recognition of First Nations as partners in Canada, with a right to share fully in Canada's prosperity.
What is an example of the obstacles created through the struggles of the First Nations?
some people can face difficulty gaining access to educational, training and employment opportunities. Where such conditions exist, they can create issues, especially during times when Canada needs more skilled workers and professionals, and seeks to fill these roles partly through immigration.
Assembly of First Nations, Resolution no. 49 resolution:
that the AFN call on the federal government... to freeze all immigration coming into Canada until the federal government addresses, commits, and delivers resources to First Nations to improve the housing conditions, education, health and employment in First Nations communities...
challenges that First Nations face allows cause for...
the creation of obstacles to full participation in Canada's economy for individuals from First Nations, Inuit or Métis communities.
labour force growth
the growth of the "labour force," or the number of people who can work
workforce
the number of people in a country or area who are available for work
Immigration
the process of people establishing homes, and often citizenship, in a country that is not their native country
What is an adjustment that Francophone institutions have to go through when educating children in Francophone schools?
to deal with people who come from non European cultures. Francophone organizations face the challenge of welcoming and integrating people from non-European cultures, particularly from French Africa.
demographic
to do with the characteristics of populations
National Policy Objectives (3)
to promote Canadian industry, finish the national railway, and settle the west. -to recruit immigrants, they sometimes used posters
What does the Canada-Québec Accord allow Quebec to do?
to require immigrants who settle in Québec to send their children to French-language schools.
Iris Evans
was Alberta's Minister of Employment, Immigration and Industry in 2007.
Phil Fontaine
was first elected National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations in 1997.
When does Canada accept more immigrants?
when it faces labour shortages, including immigrants with specific skills to fill demand for workers in particular jobs.
Under the Canada-Québec Accord, what kind of immigrants does Quebec seek?
whose first language is French. Every year, about 75 percent of French-speaking immigrants to Canada settle in Québec. Overall, more non Francophone immigrants settle in Québec than Francophone immigrants
what do the centres established in Calgary and in Edmonton aim to do? (for Francophone immigrants)
work with the immigrants to show them how they can become part of the Francophone community, and that they don't have to lose their association with the French language and culture, even if they live in a minority setting, like Alberta.
what occurs when someone becomes a citizen of Canada? (3)
you swear to be faithful to Canada's monarch, to observe the laws of Canada, and to fulfill your duties as a citizen. -you gain the right to vote.
background on how Canada's position on refugees evolved: (3)
• Canada signed the U.N. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees in 1951. • During the 1950s and 1960s, Canada offered to shelter refugees in response to specific world crises. • In 1976, Canada made refugees one of its immigration categories. The change meant that Canada accepted refugees steadily, instead of crisis by crisis.
Some Objectives of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, 2002 (last 3)
• Share the benefits of immigration and support a prosperous economy across all regions of Canada. • Reunite families in Canada. • Promote the successful integration of immigrants into Canadian society, recognizing that integration involves mutual obligations for new immigrants and Canadian society
what is the purpose of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act? (2)
• It establishes categories of who can come into Canada from other countries to make permanent homes here. • It lays out the objectives of those categories.
Many events and issues in other parts of the world can result in more people applying as immigrants to Canada. For example:
• Natural disasters, such as floods and earthquakes. • Population pressures. • War. • Poverty
What was the result of the Singh decision? (3)
• People claiming refugee status in Canada have the right to a hearing, which they attend in person. • Canada established the Immigration and Refugee Board to provide quick and fair hearings. • Canada's government provides people seeking refugee status with the necessities of life while they wait for a hearing.
Some Objectives of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, 2002 (first 3)
• Pursue social, cultural and economic benefits for all Canadians. • Respect the bilingual and multicultural character of Canada. • Support the development of minority official language communities in Canada.
Objectives for Canada's refugee program: (4)
• Save lives and offer protection to people who are displaced and persecuted. • Fulfill and affirm Canada's international commitments to protect refugees. • Grant fair consideration to people who claim to be persecuted, as an expression of Canada's humanitarian ideals. • Offer refuge to people facing persecution because of wrongful reasons, and to people who face torture, or cruel and unusual treatment or punishment.
(health) A person may be refused entry to Canada if:
• Their health could put the health of Canadians at risk — for example, they have tuberculosis. • They have a condition that could endanger public safety — for example, a mental disorder. • Their health could put an "excessive demand" on Canada's health services — for example, HIV/AIDS.