Social Problems, chapter 13

Which of the following statements regarding the military-industrial complex is true? Military contractors who receive contracts from the Defense Department are prohibited by law from serving on advisory committees that recommend what weapons should be ordered. This complex has been referred to as a revolving door because people move from job to job within various sectors of the military and corporations. Concern about the far-reaching effects of the complex has diminished since World War II, as more people began to view defense expenditures as a source of economic development. A societal focus on military ideals and an aggressive preparedness for war has decreased over time.

This complex has been referred to as a revolving door because people move from job to job within various sectors of the military and corporations.

A monopoly exists when a single firm controls an industry and accounts for all sales in a specific market. is a large-scale business organization that is headquartered in one country but operates in many countries, which has the legal power to enter into contracts, buy and sell property, and engage in other business activity. is a corporation comprised of a small number of companies or suppliers who control an entire industry or service. is not held accountable by the government and regulatory agencies of the country in which it operates.

exists when a single firm controls an industry and accounts for all sales in a specific market.

A mixed economy combines elements of both capitalism and socialism. True False

True

Governments by definition have legal and political authority. True False

True

Most experts believe the United States will always have an active military-industrial complex because of its emphasis on militarism-a societal focus on military ideals and an aggressive preparedness for war. True False

True

No economy is purely capitalist or purely socialist. True False

True

The four features of ideal capitalism are private ownership of production, pursuit of individual profit, limited government intervention, and competition. True False

True

Corporate welfare did not happen in the United States until the second decade of the 21^st century. occurs when the government financially helps private corporations. is controlled by interlocking corporate directorates. has decreased over time.

occurs when the government financially helps private corporations.

Primary sector production is mainly found in which type of economy? preindustrial industrial post-industrial high-tech

preindustrial

Which of the following best defines primary sector production? the processing of raw materials into finished products the extraction of raw materials and natural resources from the environment workers providing services rather than goods as their primary source of livelihood work in such areas as transportation, communication, education, real estate, and advertising

the extraction of raw materials and natural resources from the environment

Which of the following statements most accurately describes special-interest groups in the United States? Most special-interest groups are concerned about the general welfare of the United States. Unlike lobbyists, special-interest groups do not have undue influence on political decisions and the outcome of elections. Special-interest groups typically represent specific industries and make contributions to candidates who will protect their interests. Most employed people are represented by a special-interest group or a Political Action Committee such as a union.

Special-interest groups typically represent specific industries and make contributions to candidates who will protect their interests.

Politics is the social institution through which power is acquired and exercised by certain individuals or groups. True False

True

A person may sit on the board of directors of two corporations simultaneously, even if the corporations are in direct competition with each other. True False

False

According to the text, the three major economic systems present in modern societies are capitalism, communism, and mixed economies. True False

False

Most shareholders in transnational corporations have control over where plants are located, how much employees are paid, and how the environment is protected. True False

False

Political action committees (PACs) are grassroots organizations that provide support for local politicians based on specific community issues. True False

False

Which of the following statements regarding politics and the economy is true? Because political decisions are typically made on a nation-by-nation basis, many of these decisions do not affect the lives and economic status of people in other nations. Many political decisions affect the lives and economic status of people in other nations. The economy refers to the interdependent workings and interests of political and economic systems. The political economy is the social institution that ensures that a society will be maintained through its production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

Many political decisions affect the lives and economic status of people in other nations.

Which of the following statements regarding the federal bureaucracy is true? Elected officials are increasingly making more important decisions about public policy than the workers in the federal bureaucracy. The federal bureaucracy shrank during the Great Depression. The federal bureaucracy employs fewer than 1 million people. Neither Republican nor Democratic administrations have been able to establish control over the federal bureaucracy.

Neither Republican nor Democratic administrations have been able to establish control over the federal bureaucracy.

Which of the following statements about capitalism is false? Capitalism is based on the right of individuals to own property and to "buy" people's labor. The primary motivation of capitalism is supposed to be the collective good of all citizens. Capitalism is based on the belief that people should be able to maximize their individual gain through personal profit. Capitalism is based on a lack of government intervention in the marketplace.

The primary motivation of capitalism is supposed to be the collective good of all citizens.

According to the text, which of the following two factors contribute to individual and family debt in the United States? economic hardship and political campaign donations availability of credit and insufficient employment corporate welfare and lotteries taxation for welfare programs and schools

availability of credit and insufficient employment

According to the text, the three major economic systems present in modern societies are capitalism, socialism, and mixed economies. capitalism, communism, and mixed economies. capitalism, Marxism, and mixed economies. socialism, communism, and mixed economies.

capitalism, socialism, and mixed economies.

The economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, from which personal profits can be derived through market competition and without government intervention is known as capitalism. socialism. Marxism. communism.

capitalism.

A close friend tells you that he believes that democracy is impossible in our society because the government works only for the wealthy and elite people. Your friend can best be described as a member of the power elite. functionalist. conflict theorist. member of a political party.

conflict theorist.

In 2006, the federal government spent $92 billion in direct and indirect subsidies to businesses and private-sector corporate entities. Some corporations that received millions in taxpayer-funded benefits induced Boeing, Xerox, IBM, Motorola, and Dow Chemical and General Electric. These are examples of corporate buyouts. corporate assistance. corporate welfare. corporate lobby.

corporate welfare.

Which of the following approaches argue that problems in politics and the economy can be remedied by repairing the specific elements of the system that are creating the problems? power elite minimalist dialectical functionalist

functionalist

According to G. William Domhoff, the ruling class in the United States will be the group most able to control digital democracy in the future. is composed of leaders at the top of business, the executive branch of the government, and the military. influences the political process through campaign donations, PACs, and appointments to powerful governmental committees and presidential commissions. has little control over the global political economy.

influences the political process through campaign donations, PACs, and appointments to powerful governmental committees and presidential commissions.

An oligopoly exists when a single firm controls an industry and accounts for all sales in a specific market. is a large-scale business organization that is headquartered in one country but operates in many countries, which has the legal power to enter into contracts, buy and sell property, and engage in other business activity. is a situation in which a small number of companies or suppliers control an entire industry or service. is not held accountable by the government and regulatory agencies of the country in which it operates.

is a situation in which a small number of companies or suppliers control an entire industry or service.

Countries such as Japan, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, Great Britain, and France have mixed economies. capitalist economies. socialist economies. communist economies.

mixed economies.

Top-tier civil service bureaucrats who have a strong power base and play a major role in developing and implementing government policies and procedures are known as permanent government. special-interest groups. political action committees. the military-industrial complex.

permanent government.

In which model of government do political leaders make decisions on behalf of the people? power elite peace state pluralist paternalistic

pluralist

The soft money loophole refers to contributing money to a specific cause instead of to a political party. political party instead of to a specific candidate. party honoring a candidate rather than directly to the candidate's campaign. political group that vows to fight corruption rather than a candidate's campaign.

political party instead of to a specific candidate.

In the elite model power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of people. the masses have the power to overthrow the elites but are lazy and passive. media is a tool of the masses that continually points out the failings of the elites. the system is the problem.

power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of people.

The economic system characterized by public ownership of the means of production, the pursuit of collective goals, and centralized decision making is known as capitalism. socialism. Marxism. communism.

socialism.

The difference between a candidate's number of votes from women and men is known as the soft money. voter apathy. bureaucracy. the gender gap.

the gender gap.

Which of the following best defines economy? the social institution through which power is acquired<i> </i>and exercised by certain individuals or groups the social institution that ensures that a society will be maintained through its production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services the independent workings and interests of political and economic systems the collection of people and organizations who serve as a watchdog to the American government

the independent workings and interests of political and economic systems

Which of the following best defines political economy? the social institution through which power is acquired<i> </i>and exercised by certain individuals or groups the social institution that ensures that a society will be maintained through its production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services the interdependent workings and interests of political and economic systems the collection of people and organizations who serve as a watchdog to the American government

the interdependent workings and interests of political and economic systems

Which of the following best defines secondary sector production? the processing of raw materials into finished products the extraction of raw materials and natural resources from the environment workers providing services rather than goods as their primary source of livelihood work in such areas as transportation, communication, education, real estate, and advertising

the processing of raw materials into finished products

Which of the following best defines politics? the social institution through which power is acquired<i> </i>and exercised by certain individuals or groups the social institution that ensures that a society will be maintained through its production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services the independent workings and interests of political and economic systems the collection of people and organizations who serve as a watchdog to the American government

the social institution through which power is acquired<i> </i>and exercised by certain individuals or groups

A large-scale business organization that is headquartered in one country but operates in many countries is known as a mixed economy. transnational. corporate welfare. oligopoly.

transnational.

Tertiary sector production is processing of raw materials into finished products. extraction of raw materials and natural resources from the environment. workers providing services rather than goods as a primary source of livelihood. production that occurs in industrial economies.

workers providing services rather than goods as a primary source of livelihood.