social problems exam 2
The U.S. first began to record statistics on divorce in this year.
1867
In looking at the relationship between the media and social problems there are _______________ distinct sets of questions that must be explored.
3
Jobs in the U.S. economy fall into one of _________ broad sectors.
3
Today respondents can identify themselves as unmarried partners in one of
3
About ____ percent of elementary-school-age and adolescent girls are dissatisfied with their body weight.
50
Today, about _____ percent of first marriages begin with the couple living together.
60
Which of the following is the best example of a moral entrepreneur?
A mother who wants the administration of her local school district to create an anti-bullying policy.
Which of the following is NOT considered an example of a sponsorship activity?
A teenager refusing to give in to peer pressure.
Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 key points needed to reform US education?
Control of education by business leaders
This theory suggests that working-class and nonwhite families often lack cultural resources and arrive at school at a significant disadvantage as a result.
Cultural deprivation theory
Functionalists do not believe a meritocracy should guarantee _________, only that the role of schooling is to provide __________ to compete for unequal results.
Equal outcomes; equal opportunity
All of the following contribute to the marriage squeeze for black women EXCEPT:
Low rates of unemployment for black men.
Efforts to approach school reform have included all but
MADD
Advocates who warn against the sexual revolution, teenage pregnancy, and same-sex marriage while advocating traditional marriage are part of the
Marriage Movement
The theory that the rise in credentials is a result of status competition among groups battling over scarce rewards is most closely associated with:
Randall Collins
The theory that there is a direct correspondence between the organization of schools and the economic organization of capitalist society is most closely associated with:
Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis
Stakeholders have attempted to improve the quality of U.S. schools. These attempts include all but which one of the following?
TRUMANS fair deal
This sociologists theorized that education established a modern system of meritocracy.
Talcott Parsons
According to sociologist Karen Sternheimer, which of the following is a common media phobia?
The media is causing violence
A main difference between a salary and a wage is that:
Wages are directly tied to the number of hours worked and salaries are not.
A moral panic is best defined as:
a situation where public fear and anxiety about a social problem is disproportionate to the danger of that problem
Policies enacted by governments and private organizations to increase opportunities for women and members of certain minority groups
affirmative action
Code theory was developed by:
basil Bernstein
When discussing obesity, the U.S. media most frequently:
blames individuals' eating habits and inactivity.
_____________ schools are public schools free of many of the regulations applied to traditional public schools, and in return they are held accountable for student performance.
charter
Unrelated and unmarried adults in an intimate relationship sharing living quarters are referred to as:
cohabiting
Kelly used to work at a fast food restaurant, but she is now employed as a nurse. Kelly is best described as:
consistently being employed in the tertiary sector
According to Pierre Bourdieu, knowledge about music, art, and literature are examples of _____ capital.
cultural
This legislation defined marriage as the legal union of one man and one woman for federal and interstate purposes.
defense of marriage act
According to Pierre Bourdieu, family income is an example of _____ capital.
economic
According to David Baker and Gerald LeTendre (2005), all of the following beliefs have influenced the development of mass schooling EXCEPT that:
education is not required to benefit collective good of society
The legal practice that allows an employer to terminate a worker even if no specific reason for the termination is given.
employment at will
_______ means that in most states, unless there is a specific agreement or discrimination of some sort has occurred, an employee can be summarily fired for any reason or for no reason at all.
employment at will
This theory examines the developmental processes and outcomes as families move through a series of normative stages across the life course.
family life course and development theory
This theory views family as a set of subsystems defined by boundaries and striving toward social equilibrium.
family systems
_________ unemployment occurs when people are jobless because they have moved or voluntarily left their job.
frictional
This school of thought is most likely to focus on how schools socialize students with the appropriate values and sort and select them according to their abilities.
functionalism
The ___________ refers to the gap in access to information and communication technologies between the wealthy and poor regions of the world.
global digital divide
The process through which business firms, political authority, and cultural patterns spread throughout the world
globalization
________ refers to the package of cognitive, physical, and social skills of individual workers.
human capital
During the 1990s, the volume of crime stories on television news ________, though real violent crime _________.
increased, declined
A culturally resonant theme:
invokes widely held beliefs, values, and preferences that are familiar to potential audiences.
A moral entrepreneur:
is an advocate who works to focus attention on an issue she believes is important.
All of the following statements about the "cult of thinness" are true EXCEPT:
it leads to decreased rates of obesity
Research finds media exaggeration may contribute to moral panics in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
journalists quote multiple sources in their reporting of an issue.
All of the following factors helped to keep divorce rates low throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries EXCEPT:
male incarceration rate
This refers to the tendency for women to marry men who are slightly older.
marriage gradient
This is a position that advocates traditional marriage and warns against the sexual revolution, teenage pregnancy, and same-sex marriage.
marriage movement
The phenomenon is which news outlets promote fear and contribute to the expectation that we are in danger, contradicting the actual data on crime rates, is known as ________.
mean world syndrome
This is a system in which talent and hard work are expected to determine the allocation of individuals to positions.
meritocracy
A __________ describes a situation in which public fear and anxiety about a social problem is disproportionate to the danger of that problem.
moral panic
Most national cross-sectional studies indicate that children who spend more time with media are ________ to be overweight than children who do not.
more likely
Multiple studies find high levels of exposure to on-screen smoking in popular movies is associated with:
more positive beliefs about tobacco and higher rates of smoking.
According to a 2011 Pew Research study, almost 4 in 10 Americans said they felt marriage was becoming ______.
obsolete
Separation of jobs by gender
occupational segregation
The tendency of certain jobs to be predominantly filled on the basis of gender or according to race and ethnicity is known as ___________.
occupational segregation
This refers to the supply of potential marriageable partners.
pool of eligibles
A tobacco company paying a movie studio to mention its cigarettes in an upcoming film is an example of:
product placement
In his research on language, Basil Bernstein found that working-class children used primarily _______ in stories while and middle-class children used more ________.
pronouns, descriptive nouns
Research about how teacher expectations of students affect students' perceptions of themselves and their achievement is most closely associated with:
ray rist
Actions of a sexual nature that are unwanted by the recipient
sexual harassment
What academic discipline is the study of how various individuals and institutions throughout society affect the education system and educational outcomes?
sociology of education
An underemployed worker is
someone who works part time but world prefer to work full time.
The negative psychological and physiological effects of difficulties at work and elsewhere
stress
Randy is a postal worker who was laid off after the rise in email communication. Randy's situation best illustrates the concept of:
structural unemployment
____________ theory asks "What do students and teachers actually do?"
symbolic interactionalist
A sponsor activity is defined as is defined as:
the advocacy and promotional work of publicizing and advancing a specific interpretation of an issue.
A media frame is defined as:
the way the news media defines a social problem.
Researchers studying premarital relationships among women in sub-Saharan Africa found that unmarried women who are poor are more likely to engage in ___________, the receipt of money and gifts from a male partner in exchange for sexual activities.
transactional sex
Over the last half-century, percentage of Americans who are divorced has almost _______, and the percentage of never marrieds has almost _______.
tripled, doubled
The US Census defines family as
two or more persons related by blood, marriage, or adoption, who share living quarters
Although Lisa would prefer to work full time, she can only find a job waitressing 20 hours a week. Lisa is best described as:
underemployed
Work that is illegal or is designed to avoid the reporting of payments to government authorities such as tax collectors
underground economy
Unmarried parents who are romantically involved but living apart are known as a ______.
visiting union
The act of calling attention to malfeasance in one's organization
whistle blowing
