social psych

message discrepancy

the difference between the advocated message and the receiver's anchor (most preferred position)

one-sided appeal

More appropriate for an audience that is favorably disposed toward the view being presented or is unlikely to be exposed to the other side.

free rider effect

Olsen's observation that individuals tend to evade participation in collective action because they still benefit from whatever is gained, even if they themselves don't participate

two-sided appeal

Presents two points of view and then presents arguments to counter the opposing view. Audience is favorably disposed toward the opposing view or is likely to be exposed to strong arguments for the other side.

self-monitoring

being attuned to the way one presents oneself in social situations and adjusting one's performance to create the desired impression

accountability cues

people feel less accountable for their actions wile in groups

physiological arousal

peripheral activation of "fight-or-flight"

prisoner's dilemma

situation in which an individual must choose between a cooperative act and an act that will help them but hurt others.

resource dilemmas

social dilemmas concerning how two or more people share a limited resource

evaluation-apprehension

Concern for how others are evaluating us.

anonymity

The quality or state of being unknown or unacknowledged

social inhibition

The tendency to perform complex or difficult tasks more poorly in the presence of others.

elaboration likelihood model

Theory suggesting that there are two routes to attitude change: the central route, which focuses on thoughtful consideration of an argument for change, and the peripheral route, which focuses on less careful, more emotional, and even superficial evaluation.

attentional cues

When our attention is not focused on the self, we will not be as likely to act in line with our internal standards.

persuasion

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

mere-presence explanation

humans become aroused in the presence of other humans. enhances performance but not with complex tasks

social facilitation

improved performance of tasks in the presence of others; occurs with simple or well-learned tasks but not with tasks that are difficult or not yet mastered

central route processing

message interpretation characterized by thoughtful consideration of the issues and arguments used to persuade

channel of communication

the means by which the message is conveyed. The 3 major channels are: oral, written, and non-verbal.

groupthink

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

social loafing

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

distraction-conflict

theory in which the presence of others will produce social facilitation only when presence creates attentional conflict

deindivduation

times when we are part of a large group and we participate in behavior in this group that we wouldnt do on our own ex. rioting or looting we feel anonymous in the big group

peripheral route processing

type of information processing that involves attending to factors not involved in the message, such as the appearance of the source of the message, the length of the message, and other noncontent factors

sucker effect

when group members who previously compensated for loafing members reduce their efforts because they are tired of being taken advantage of

diminished responsibility

when someone is not considered to be responsible for their actions because they are mentally ill