Social Psych Final Review (previous test answers)

Latasha joined a campus group called "Young Republicans". The outcome most consistent with the persuasive-arguments explanation for group polarization is:

after exposure to ideas she has not thought of before, Latasha comes to possess even more conservative beliefs

Research on the link between media violence and aggression has demonstrated that:

all forms of media violence appear to increase aggressive behavior

Keith is a member of a jury trying to decide whether the accused is guilty of the heinous murder for which she has been charged. All of the members of the jury wish to convict except Keith who believes she is innocent. Keith will have the best chance at having the others seriously consider his position if he:

appears confident in his view that she is innocent

Because communicator trustworthiness is important, people tend to be readily impressed by speakers who:

argue against their own interests

Attitude extremity is inversely related to:

attitude complexity

You are asked what percentage of psychology majors at your school are female. If you answer this question by thinking of how many female psychology majors come to mind quickly, you are relying on the:

availability heuristic

The finding that moderately positive traits can dilute the impact of extremely positive traits on impressions is most consistent with:

averaging model of impression formation

Liston believes that psychology professors are absentminded. Given the research on illusory correlations, he is likely to:

overestimate how often his psychology professor forgets to bring materials to class

The findings of the classic Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) experiment indicate that:

participants in the $1 condition experience insufficient justification for lying, and therefore are more likely to exhibit attitude change

The ABC's of social psychology are affect, behavior, and cognition. Put the three major concepts of Chapter 5 in this ABC oder by considering whether they correspond to affect, behavior, or cognition:

prejudice, discrimination, stereotyping

The ways in which people are affected by the real or imagined presence of others is called:

social influence

Mr. Belding notices that his students seem to put more effort into their individual assignments than into their social group projects. This is most likely the result of:

social loafing

Cottrell et al. (1968) found that dominant responses were no more frequent among people working in the presence of blindfolded others than among people working alone. This finding is consistent with the ________________ theory of social facilitation

evaluation apprehension theory

One of the many advantages of correlational research is:

it allows researchers to study variables that cannot be manipulated in the lab

The "self" is important in social psychology because:

it is formed through social interaction and, in turn, affects our interactions with others

Groupthink emerges when:

the need for agreement takes priority over the desire to obtain correct information

In order to convince people to buy lunch from their restaurant in the food court, employees at the Chinese restaurant gave out free samples of chicken teriyaki to everyone who walked by. The restaurant employees are hoping to take advantage of:

the norm of reciprocity

The "ABCs of the self" refer to affect, behavior, and cognition. The concept most relevant to self-esteem is:

Affect

Imagine that you are grading the exams of two students, Michael and Fredo. They both get only half the questions correct. However, Michael gets most of his questions right on the first half of the test, and Fredo gets most right on the second half. According to Asch's work on primacy effects in impression formation, you would be likely to conclude that:

Michael is smarter than Fredo

Marcia has two boyfriends, Davie and Mickey, both of whom she likes very much. She has decided that dating both of them is making her life too complicated and, after careful deliberation, has decided to stop seeing Davie and continue seeing only Mickey. According to cognitive dissonance theory, what will happen next?

Mickey will seem more attractive than ever, convincing Maria that she made the right choice

Buster runs an experiment in which she finds that participants placed in a good mood by a happy film clip are more likely to offer help to a fellow participant than participants who see a sad film clip. Gob suggests that perhaps this difference simply results from the fact that the participants in the happy film clip condition were more helpful people to begin with. The methodological aspect of a successful experiment that Buster can point to in order to refute this criticism is:

Random Assignment

The primary difference between the research of Sherif and Asch is that:

Sherif relied on an ambiguous task, whereas Asch used an unambiguous task

What (model) combines the learning and cognitive approach to attitude formation?

The Elaboration-Likelihood Model

Sara plans to use a self-report measure in which people indicate their agreement or disagreement with a list of statements. She is using:

a Likert scale

A psychoanalyst believes that her patient's aggressive patterns of behavior are probably due to an unconscious impulse toward self-destruction. The psychoanalyst's thinking is most consistent with the concept of:

a death instinct

Jacqueline, an attitude researcher, is interested in how people feel about sexual fetishes. She would be well-advised to use a:

bogus pipeline because it is not susceptible to social desirability effects

Following group discussion, group decisions tend to ______________ the positions of the individuals comprising the group

be more extreme than

The tendency to think that most victims of Hurricane Katrina were irresponsible and naive for not evacuating their homes before the storm hit is most likely the result from the _________________ tendency

belief in a just world

Relative to experimental studies, the primary disadvantage of correlational studies is that:

cause and effect cannot be determined with them

Michigan and Ohio State are rival universities. Students at the two schools only interact when the athletic teams they play for compete against each other. Sherif's Robbers Cave experiment suggests that students will:

develop negative views of one another and behave in a hostile manner

Social psychologists tend to prefer what type of research methods above all others?

experimental

the actor-observer effect refers to the tendency to:

explaining other people's actions in dispositional terms while viewing personal behavior as situationally determined

True or false: Social psychologists can only develop testable research questions by reading about prior research in the field

false

Social categorization is advantageous because it:

frees up cognitive resources

As compared to conformity, compliance occurs:

in response to a direct request

Research suggests that self-disclosure reciprocity is more important:

in the early stages of a relationship

Joanie and Chachi have just started to attend church. Joanie pays attention to when the rest of the congregation sits and stands because she wants to be sure sit and stand at the appropriate times. Chachi stands up and sits down when the rest of the congregation does because if he doesn't the elderly couple across the aisle scowls at him. Joanie has conformed because of __________ influence whereas Chachi has conformed because of __________ influence

informational; normative

Everyone you know seems to love the TV show The Apprentice. You're a huge fan of reality TV as well, but every time you watch The Apprentice you have the same reaction: you hate it with a passion. According to Kelley's theory of casual attribution, your dislike of this show would be:

low in consensus, high in distinctiveness, and high in consistency

Alex is a high self-monitor and Derek is a low self-monitor. Derek is more likely than Alex to:

maintain consistency in behavior

Marion is a sprinter on her high school track team. According to social comparison theory, Marion is most likely to look to _______________ to asses how fast a sprinter she is

other female high school track athletes

Astrid has developed a 12-item questionnaire to help her identity individuals who tend to be skeptical of authority figures across different situations-- she is most likely a ________ psychologist?

personality

According to Zajonc's Drive Theory, social facilitation:

results from the physical immediacy of others

Carol determines that if she helps her co-worker with a report that it will take time that she was planning on using on her own project. However, she decides to offer her help because she believes her boss will be impressed and perhaps offer her a raise. Carol is using the ________________ approach to helping behavior.

rewards and punishment

Marcia is unsure about whether Jan is her best friend. She thinks about how many times she has listened to Jan complain about her boyfriend, helped Jan study for difficult exams, and brought soup to Jan when she was sick. Marcia realizes she speaks to Jan almost every night. After thinking about this, Marcia concludes that Jan must be her best friend. This conclusion is based on a process described by:

self-perception theory

The type of self-presentational strategy that describes acts motivated to establish one's competence is:

self-promotion

LaPiere's (1934) study of attitudes was important in empirically demonstrating that:

self-reported attitudes are not always predictive of behavior

One explanation of the primacy effect is that:

the meaning of information obtained later is often altered to fit with earlier impressions

The term self-concept refers to:

sum total of a person's beliefs concerning his or her own personal characteristics

George is leaving his job at Vandalay Industries, a latex manufacturer. According to the correspondent inference theory, you would learn the most about George if:

the company is expanding as a result of record-breaking profits, and compensation for employees in the sales department where George worked has increased 30% this year.

The affective component of attitude is:

the emotional feeling, positive or negative, that a person has regarding an attitude object

As he was about to enter the mall, Evan was approached by someone and was asked to wear a small green ribbon on his shirt to show his support for the "Save the Squirrels" campaign. Evan wasn't quite sure that squirrels were actually endangered, but he agreed to wear the ribbon. A week later, Evan was approached again and asked to contribute $10 to help save the squirrels. Though he would rather spend his money somewhere else, Evan agreed. Evan has been the victim of:

the foot-in-the-door technique

Deindividuation refers to:

the loss of individuality and reduction of constraints against deviant behavior

Someone who argues that the preference for a physically attractive partner is simply a function of wanting to have healthy offspring probably endorses:

the theories of evolutionary psychology

Research on attractiveness and helping indicates that:

we are more likely to help attractive people than unattractive people

Physical appearance is extremely important to Adriana. When she enters a beauty contest, she beats all but one of the other contestants and finishes in second place. However, the one contestant that beats her is her neighbor and best friend, Lisa. Research by Tesser suggests that Adriana:

will denigrate Lisa's appearance