Social Psych Launchpad

According to your text, Milgram found that _____% of people obeyed fully to the point of agreeing to deliver a dangerous 450-volt shock to the learner. A) 2 B) 50 C) 65 D) 100

65

The Pew Research Center found that _____ percent of Americans report they are "pretty" or "very" happy. A) 64 B) 84 C) 44 D) 54

84

Charles Barkley says he gets more upset at black people who are racists. Why? A) Because it is hypocritical. B) Because it is unethical. C) Because of everything they have been through, being racist themselves is incomprehensible. D) Because it is demoralizing.

Because of everything they have been through, being racist themselves is incomprehensible.

What was the main factor that was the cause of the malfunctioning rocket? A) Extra weight on the shuttle. B) Lightning. C) Cold temperatures. D) High humidity.

Cold temperatures

_______ occurs after a blow to self-esteem in one domain and leads to a person inflating his or her self-worth in an unrelated domain. A) Better than average effect B) Self-handicapping C) Projection D) Compensation

Compensation

Imagine you and a friend saw a report on the television that your state just released someone wrongly convicted of a crime. When your friend asks, "How could that happen," you would answer that the most likely reason for wrongful convictions is: A) Age. B) Prior police record. C) Race/ethnicity. D) Eyewitness misidentification.

Eyewitness misidentification

Stanley Milgram was able to get many people to give the learner severe shocks by getting them to commit the little behavior of minor shocks and then give a little stronger shock, and then steadily increase the amount of shock until, for many, it was a lethal dose. This technique of getting people to do things in small incremental steps is called: A) Door-in-the-Face. B) Incremental conformity. C) Foot-in-the-Door. D) Leveraged compliance.

Foot-in-the-Door.

Charles Barkley says he has never been through racism. What does he mean? A) He doesn't deal with people of other races. B) He didn't experience the harsh racism of segregation like his forefathers. C) He doesn't believe in it. D) He has never had anyone treat him differently because of his race.

He didn't experience the harsh racism of segregation like his forefathers.

When asked about dealing with being called a racist remark, Charles Barkley says he sees the person as: A) Ignorant. B) Stupid. C) Racist. D) Angry.

Ignorant.

The detective in the video made a couple of suggestions to eyewitnesses. Which of the following things did he recommend? A) Look for things about the suspect that are unique or can't easily be changed. B) Take a surreptitious photo of the suspect with your cell phone. C) Focus on the suspect's clothing for quick identification. D) Identifying sex is crucial for cutting down on potential suspects.

Look for things about the suspect that are unique or can't easily be changed.

Cross-cultural research indicates that those who live in ___________ are happier than those who live in the United States. A) Iceland B) Canada C) People living in all of these countries are happier than people in the United States. D) Puerto Rico

People living in all of these countries are happier than people in the United States.

_______ is when a person sets up an excuse to protect his or her self-esteem from a failure that may happen in the future. A) Better than average effect B) Self-handicapping C) Projection D) Compensation

Self-handicapping

Why did NASA disagree with the concerns that Thiokol brought up in the conference call? A) They didn't believe the O-ring issue was related to the cold. B) They thought the temperature was going to warm up. C) They had conflicting data. D) None of the above.

They didn't believe the O-ring issue was related to the cold.

In the video, normative social influence is described as: A) The more we hang around, the more we get along. B) If I like you, I act like you. C) We are better than me. D) To get along, we go along.

To get along, we go along.

As discussed in the task, participants in the Morse and Gergen (1970) study who were exposed to Mr. Neat showed _______ in their self-esteem. A) an increase B) a decrease C) no change D) there's no way to know

a decrease

Some researchers believe prejudice sometimes arises out of ____________. A) a need to protect our self-esteem B) neurotic personality styles C) levels of education D) similarities between groups

a need to protect our self-esteem

Mary is very religious. She often thinks about your religion. Psychologists would say that religious concepts are _______________ for Mary. A) repressed in memory B) temporary accessible C) ease to ignore D) chronically accessible

chronically accessible

Research suggests that people tend to think that their shortcomings are _______, whereas their strengths are _______, which likely plays a role in the better than average effect. A) unique; common B) common; unique C) undervalued; overvalued D) overvalued; undervalued

common; unique

The study results show how perceived judgments of the _________ of another influence our behavior in a game of _________. A) competence; skill B) age; skill C) age; chance D) competence; chance

competence; chance

Research relating to social comparison suggests that the people around us can have an important impact on how we view ourselves, especially if we perceive them to be a potential source of _______. A) competition B) resources C) friendship D) social support

competition

Carla earned a B on an exam. Her friend Bob earned a C and her other friend Jane earned an A. Carla focuses on how she did better than Bob on the exam. This would be an example of _______. A) upward comparison B) reflected appraisals C) social comparison theory D) self-perception theory E) downward comparison

downward comparison

Schemas people have about individuals are referred to as: A) impressions B) scripts C) personality traits D) categories

impressions

It's important to note that upward social comparison may lead to positive outcomes. For instance, research suggests that it can be a source of motivation for people to _______. A) be more competitive B) improve their abilities or situation C) increase their social circle D) ignore their shortcomings

improve their abilities or situation

Projection, compensation, and the better than average effect provide support for the idea that people are generally motived to _______ and _______ their self-esteem. A) verify; stabilize B) enhance; verify C) maintain; defend D) defend; diversify

maintain; defend

According to your text, the experimenter in Milgram's study directed that the experiment continue when the subject paused, attempted to stop, or asked what to do. Since the teachers, or subjects, were engaged in an action which fulfilled a direct order or command from the experimenter, this is a study of: A) social deviance. B) obedience. C) moral development. D) conformity.

obedience.

People who we perceive as belonging to a group other than our own are known as ______ members. A) othergroup B) derogatory C) ingroup D) outgroup

outgroup

In the current study, participants were primed with concepts related to _______________. A) persistence or stubbornness B) motivational states C) squares or rectangles D) chronically accessible information

persistence or stubbornness

In line with the better than average effect, if the judgments for this task were for all negative traits (e.g., hostile, mean, dishonest), participants would likely _______. A) rate themselves roughly the same on the traits compared to ratings of "most other people" B) rate themselves higher on the traits compared to ratings of "most other people" C) rate themselves lower on the traits compared to ratings of "most other people" D) rate themselves and "most other people" randomly since there is no way to compare

rate themselves lower on the traits compared to ratings of "most other people"

What is the primary dependent variable of this experiment? A) ratings of all personality traits B) ratings of your perceived competence C) ratings of the instructor's competence D) whether the instructor was a male or female

ratings of the instructor's competence

We often come to know who we are by seeing ourselves through the eyes of others. This is referred to as _______. A) upward comparison B) social comparison theory C) reflected appraisals D) self-perception theory E) downward comparison

reflected appraisals

The better than average effect can be seen as a _______ our motivation to feel positive about our self. A) conflict with B) cause of C) result of D) distinction from

result of

Schemas related to events are known as: A) impressions B) scripts C) personality traits D) categories

scripts

The level of positive feeling one has about oneself is called _______. A) compensation B) self-reflection C) self-esteem D) social comparison

self-esteem

The research participants in this study are identified as: A) professional gamblers. B) prison inmates. C) students. D) unskilled workers.

students.

Ed Diener reports that the happiest people have: A) physical attractiveness. B) high incomes. C) supportive family and friends. D) excellent physical health.

supportive family and friends.

Steve identifies as someone who is religious but doesn't think about religion very much. One day he walks into a room where he noticed many people are wearing clothes that display their religious faith. Psychologists would say that religious concepts are likely to become _______________ for Steve. A) repressed in memory B) temporarily accessible C) ease to ignore D) chronically accessible

temporarily accessible

According to your text, the most influential, or important, variable which influenced subjects, the teacher, to comply with the instructions from the experimenter was: A) the extent to which the person giving commands was perceived to be a legitimate authority figure. B) the person giving commands is male. C) the presence of two defiant partners. D) the learner is in the same room.

the extent to which the person giving commands was perceived to be a legitimate authority figure.

As mentioned during the task, both upward and downward comparisons are more likely to occur if _______. A) the mood you are feeling is the same as the person of comparison B) the traits you have are the same traits the person of comparison has C) the traits you are thinking about do not overlap with the person of comparison D) the traits you are thinking about relate to the person of comparison

the traits you are thinking about relate to the person of comparison

For the current task, participants in one condition were asked to write about a student who seems to always get the highest grade in the class. This situation would likely motivate participants to engage in a particular form of social comparison known as _______. A) self-perception theory B) upward comparison C) reflected appraisals D) social comparison theory E) downward comparison

upward comparison

Our prejudice towards others can increase when ______________. A) we perceive them to be similar to ourselves B) we receive a threat to our self-esteem C) we are in a positive mood D) we interact with the individual over a long period of time

we receive a threat to our self-esteem

What was the independent variable in the study? A) ratings of all personality traits B) ratings of your perceived competence C) ratings of the instructor's competence D) whether the instructor was a male or female

whether the instructor was a male or female

Which of the following is the best example of the use of Foot-in-the-Door? A) A campaign volunteer asks if you would take a minute and listen to vital information about the candidate. Then the volunteer asks you to put up a small yard sign. Later in the week, the volunteer asks if you would like to help answer phones during the weekend voter drive. B) A local volunteer organization is trying to get you to help out on their next fundraising campaign. They ask you to be the chairman of the committee and you say: "No, I don't have time to do that." Then they ask if you might be willing to answer phones for a few hours during the fundraiser. C) Your neighbor's daughter stops by and asks you to buy some candy to support her band trip. D) Your friend at work tells you about an amazing investment opportunity and invites to join her to attend the seminar. Although you really don't have the time, you decide to go with her.

A campaign volunteer asks if you would take a minute and listen to vital information about the candidate. Then the volunteer asks you to put up a small yard sign. Later in the week, the volunteer asks if you would like to help answer phones during the weekend voter drive.

Which of the following is the best example of the use of Door-in-the-Face? A) A campaign volunteer asks if you would take a minute and listen to vital information about the candidate. Then the volunteer asks you to put up a small yard sign. Later in the week, the volunteer asks if you would like to help answer phones during the weekend voter drive. B) A local volunteer organization is trying to get you to help out on their next fundraising campaign. They ask you to be the chairman of the committee and you say: "No, I don't have time to do that." Then they ask if you might be willing to answer phones for a few hours during the fundraiser. C) Your friend at work tells you about an amazing investment opportunity and invites to join her to attend the seminar. Although you really don't have the time, you decide to go with her. D) Your neighbor's daughter stops by and asks you to buy some candy to support her band trip.

A local volunteer organization is trying to get you to help out on their next fundraising campaign. They ask you to be the chairman of the committee and you say: "No, I don't have time to do that." Then they ask if you might be willing to answer phones for a few hours during the fundraiser.

The teleconference in the video is a classic example of groupthink because? A) There was suppression of dissent. B) Everyone appeared to agree with the final decision. C) Strong leadership. D) All of the above.

All of the above.

How does Charles Barkley define racism? A) Attempt to harm or belittle a group. B) Dividing people by race. C) Any stereotype about a group based on race. D) Anything about race.

Attempt to harm or belittle a group.

_______ is the tendency to rank ourselves higher than most people on positive attributes. A) Better than average effect B) Self-handicapping C) Projection D) Compensation

Better than average effect

What is one specific implication of the current results? A) Female professors might receive lower evaluations compared to males if their class is difficult. B) Male professors might receive lower evaluations compared to females if their class is difficult. C) Female professors might receive lower evaluations compared to males if their class is easy. D) Male professors might receive lower evaluations compared to females if their class is easy.

Female professors might receive lower evaluations compared to males if their class is difficult.

The teleconference between NASA and Thiokol lasted many hours. According to groupthink theory, how might this have resulted in a poor decision? A) They were hungry. B) Over time, the members started to focus their attention on something other than the issue at hand. C) Because it was taking so long, they ran out of time. D) Over time, the members of the conference started to focus their attention on evidence that supports their position to launch and ignore the evidence that the O-rings would be faulty at colder temperatures.

Over time, the members of the conference started to focus their attention on evidence that supports their position to launch and ignore the evidence that the O-rings would be faulty at colder temperatures.

_______ emphasizes the idea that the self can be understood by simply observing one's own behavior. A) Social comparison theory B) Upward comparison C) Reflected appraisals D) Self-perception theory E) downward comparison

Self-perception theory

People come to know themselves partly by comparing themselves with similar others. This is known as _______. A) Social comparison theory B) Reflected appraisals C) Upward comparison D) Self-perception theory E) Downward comparison

Social comparison theory

The students in the video did not pick up on one significant feature of the classroom interruption, later revealed to be a critical piece of information. What was it? A) The nature of the threats the intruder made. B) The ethnicity of the intruder. C) The intruder's revelation of his whereabouts prior to entering the classroom. D) The presence/absence of facial hair on the intruder.

The intruder's revelation of his whereabouts prior to entering the classroom.

Boisjoly sent a memo to his superiors explaining the danger of the O rings. Why didn't it help? A) His language was too jargon filled and they didn't understand it. B) There was another memo that disagreed with his findings. C) They didn't pass on their concerns to NASA. D) It got there too late.

They didn't pass on their concerns to NASA.

What was the problem with the O-rings in launch? A) They were too small. B) They were used as insulators. C) They were flexing in a way they were not designed. D) They were made out of the wrong material.

They were flexing in a way they were not designed.

What event in the video is a classic example of suppression of dissent in groupthink situations? A) When NASA asked about the temperature. B) When the manager at Thiokol made his decision in the offline caucus. C) When the respected member of NASA gave his decision. D) All of the above.

When the manager at Thiokol made his decision in the offline caucus.

In the current study, we predict that we would evaluate the competence of _______________ instructors who gave us a bad grade more negatively. A) Women B) Men C) All D) Older

Women

If you are witness to a crime, what would be your best move to keep your memory as accurate as possible? A) Write down everything you can recall about the situation and/or person. B) Witnessing a crime is shocking enough that the images get burnt into your memory. C) Check with other people who may have witnessed the crime to be certain of your recall. D) Get the victim's perspective and compare it to your recollection.

Write down everything you can recall about the situation and/or person.

People have a number of self-motives, such as a desire to view themselves as _______ and to see themselves in a positive light. A) lacking self-esteem B) a coherent whole C) a collection of parts D) an actor playing various roles

a coherent whole

A confederate is: A) a person who is an actual participant in the experiment, whose measured behaviors do not conform to the expected outcome. B) a person who appears to be a participant in the experiment, but is actually working for the experimenter. C) a person who initially agrees to be an actual participant in the experiment, but later resigns from participation in the experiment. D) a person who is an unwitting participant in an experiment and is later informed of their participation.

a person who appears to be a participant in the experiment, but is actually working for the experimenter.

In Solomon Asch's experiment, in which a participant was asked to identify the line that matched the standard line, he found: A) about a third of the time, most of the people would pick the wrong answer if other people picked the wrong answer. B) people picked the correct answer most of the time, whether or not the other people picked the wrong answer. C) people picked the right answer 99% of the time, even if the other people picked the wrong answer. D) most of the time, most of the people would pick the wrong answer if other people picked the wrong answer.

about a third of the time, most of the people would pick the wrong answer if other people picked the wrong answer.

Negative behavior toward an individual based solely on the basis of membership in a particular group is referred to as _____________. A) discrimination B) prejudice C) stereotypes D) categories

discrimination

Steve throws out someone's job application because he believes the applicant belongs to a certain group that he doesn't like. Steve's behavior is a clear example of ______________. A) prejudice B) discrimination C) self-serving behavior D) stereotyping

discrimination

In a study conducted by Svenson (1981), drivers were interviewed while hospitalized for being in a car accident. The majority of those interviewed rated their driving skill as closer to _______ than _____ which provides support for the better than average effect. A) average; expert B) poor; expert C) expert; poor D) average; poor

expert; poor

For the current task, participants who were in the condition that involved downward comparison likely rated themselves _______ on the traits of "Intelligent" and "Hardworking" than participants involved in the upward comparison condition. A) about the same B) lower C) higher D) there's no way to know

higher

Cognitively accessible information often _______________. A) influences our interpretation of the world B) is only available for a short amount of time C) only related to social threats D) only related to important aspects of the individual's personality

influences our interpretation of the world

When we rely on others to give us information about reality, this is called: A) normative influence. B) informational influence. C) situational influence. D) relational influence.

informational influence.

Liking our ingroup more favorably than the outgroup is known as _____________. A) illogical bias B) intergroup processing C) ingroup bias D) outgroup bias

ingroup bias

The narrator concludes that "our judgments about who we take on are made more on _________ than on _________." A) age; ability B) instinct; logic C) reason; emotion D) gender; competence

instinct; logic

According to this lesson, a poster on a wall containing images of alcohol beverages might ___________ (pick the best answer). A) prime thought related to alcohol use B) motivate students to study harder C) make people want to eat more healthy food D) make people think about their life goals

prime thought related to alcohol use

Environmental stimuli that make certain thoughts or information cognitively accessible are known as: A) periphery stimuli B) information inhibitors C) primes D) triggering stimuli

primes

What is the primary dependent variable of this experiment? A) ratings of all personality traits B) the speed that participants were able to type the names of the geometric shapes C) ratings of personality traits associated with persistence and stubbornness D) the type of word that participants rehearsed

ratings of personality traits associated with persistence and stubbornness

What was the independent variable in the study? A) ratings of all personality traits B) the speed that participants were able to type the names of the geometric shapes C) ratings of personality traits associated with persistence and stubbornness D) the type of word that participants rehearsed

the type of word that participants rehearsed

Charles Barkley mentions that sports is a great equalizer among people because A) there are a diverse group of people playing and watching. B) playing sports is a choice. C) it is fun. D) talent matters most.

there are a diverse group of people playing and watching.