social psychology chapter 10- aggression and antisocial behavior
proactive aggression (instrumental aggression)
"cold," premeditated, calculated harmful behavior that is a means to some practical or material end
reactive aggression (hostile aggression)
"hot," impulsive, angry behavior motivated by a desire to harm someone
fight or flight syndrome
a response to stress that involves aggressing against others or running away
tend and befriend syndrome
a response to stress that involves nurturing others and making friends
deindividuation
a sense of anonymity and loss of individuality, as a large group, making people especially likely to engage in antisocial behaviors such as theft
culture of honor
a society that places high value on individual respect, strength, and virtue, and accepts and justifies violent action in response to threats to ones honor
humiliation
a state of disgrace or loss of self-respect
running amok
according to Malaysian culture, refers to behavior of a young man who becomes "uncontrollably" violent after receiving a blow to his ego
violence
aggression that has as its goals extreme physical harm, such as injury or death
instinct
an innate tendency to seek a particular goal, such as food, water, or sex
aggression
any behavior intended to harm another person who is motivated to avoid harm
displaces aggression
any behavior that intentionally harms a substitute target rather than the provocateur
indirect aggression
any behavior that intentionally harms another person who is physically absent
antisocial behavior
behavior that either damages interpersonal relationships or is culturally undesirable
relational aggression (social aggression)
behavior that involves intentionally harming another persons social relationships, feelings of acceptance, or inclusion within a group
frustration
blockage of or interference with a personal goal
eros
in Freudian theory, the constructive, life-giving instinct
thanatos
in Freudian theory, the destructive, death instinct
cocaine
is an addictive stimulant drug obtained from leaves of the coca plant
honor killing
killing another individual who has brought "dishonor" to the family
injunctive norms
norms that specify what most others approve or disapprove of
descriptive norms
norms that specify what most people do
modeling
observing and copying or imitating the behavior of others
bullying
persistent aggression by a perpetrator against a victim of the purpose of establishing a power relationship over the victim
frustration-aggression hypothesis
proposal that "the occurrence of aggressive behavior always presupposes the existence of frustration," and "the existence of frustration always leads to some form of aggression"
broken windows theory
proposal that signs of disorder such as broken windows, litter, and graffiti induce other antisocial behaviors
norms
social standards that prescribe what people ought to do
taboo words
socially unacceptable words such as profanity or swear words; speech that constitutes sexual harassment or discrimination, hate speech, and verbally abusive words
serotonin
the "feel good" neurotransmitter, low levels of which have been linked to aggression and violence in both animals and humans
weapons effect
the increase in aggression that occurs as a result of the mere presence of a weapon
testosterone
the male sex hormone, high levels of which have been linked to aggression and violence in both animals and humans
density
the number of people in a given area
crowding
the subjective and unpleasant feeling that there are too many people in a given area
hostile expectation bias
the tendency to assume that people will react to potential conflicts with aggression
hostile attribution bias
the tendency to perceive ambiguous actions by others as aggressive
hostile perception bias
the tendency to perceive social interactions in general as being aggressive
psychological reactance
the unpleasant emotional response people experience when someone is trying to restrict their freedom to engage in a desired behavior
cyberbullying
the use of the internet to bully others
plagiarize
to claim the ideas or words of another person as ones own without crediting that person
identity theft
using someones personal information in order to obtain money or credit from their bank accounts
domestic violence (family violence, intimate-partner violence)
violence that occurs within the home or family, between people who have a close relationship with each other