Social Psychology Chapter 5-Stereotypes,Prejudice, and discrimination Terms.

Social Identity Theory

The theory that people favor in-groups over outgrips in order to enhance their self-esteem. Religious people.

Out-group homogeneity effect

The tendency to assume that there is greater similarity among members of outgrips than among members of in-groups. ex, Korea, China,Japan.

In-group Favoritism

The tendency to discriminate in favor of in-groups over out-groups.

Contact Hypothesis

The theory that direct contact between hostile groups will reduce prejudice under certain condition.

Realistic Conflict theory

The theory that hostility between groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources.

Stereotype

A belief or association that links a whole group of people with certain traits or characteristics.

Social Dominance Orientation

A desire to see one's in-group as dominant over other groups and willingness to adopt cultural values that facile oppression over other groups.

Modern Racism

A form of prejudice that surface in subtle ways when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy to rationalize.

Ambivalent Sexism

A form of sexism characterized by attitudes about women that reflect both negative, resentful beliefs and feelings and affectionate and chivalrous but potentially patronizing beliefs and feelings.

Subliminal Presentation

A method of presenting stimuli so faintly or rapidly that people do not have any conscious awareness of having been exposed to them.

Stereotype content model

A model proposing that the relative status and competition between groups influence groups stereotypes along the dimensions of competence and warmth.

Superordinate Goal

A shared goal that can be achieved only through cooperation among individual or groups.

Illusory Correlation

An overestimate of the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated.

Relative Deprivation

Feelings of discontent aroused by the belief that one fares poorly compared with others. (keeping up with the jones's)

Out-groups

Groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership, belonging , or identity.

In-groups

Groups with which an individual feels a sense of memberships, belonging, and identity.

Discrimination

Negative behavior directed against person because of their memberships in a particular group.

Prejudice

Negative personal feelings towards person based on their membership in certain groups.

Racism

Prejudice and discrimination based on a person's racial background, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one racial group over another. Based on several levels, institution, individual level,cultural level.

Sexism

Prejudice and discrimination based on person's gender, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one gender over another.

Implicit Racism

Racism that operates unconsciously and unintentionally. (old fashion)

Social Categorization

The classification of persons into groups on the basis of common attributes.

Stereotype threat

The experience of concern about being evaluated based on negative stereotypes about ones group.

Social Role Theory

The theory that small gender differences are magnified in the perception by the contrasting social roles occupied by men and women. (children view large gender roles)

Group

Two or more persons perceived as related because of their interactions, memberships, in the same social category, or common fate. Usually, define by period of time together.

Jigsaw Classroom

a cooperative learning method used to reduce racial prejudice through integration in group efforts.