social psychology test 3

People who have a high social dominance orientation (SDO) are likely to agree with which of the following statements?

Hierarchies are natural, some groups are simply better than others.

In Asch's classic study of conformity, what were research participants asked to do?

Judge the sizes of lines that were on a card held a few feet away from them.

Based on your understanding of the research of Solomon Asch, you know that of all of the following choices, the person most likely to demonstrate conformity would be:

Mika, a 23-year old Japanese woman

Which researcher produced the famous studies of obedience that involved deceiving participants into believing that they were delivering electric shocks to a helpless victim?

Milgram

What is the difference between Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) and Right-Wing Authoritarianism?

SDO concentrates on economic conflicts while Right-wing Authoritarianism concentrates on value conflicts.

In which of the following situations is pluralistic ignorance being demonstrated?

Several people walk by a man who is laying motionless on the sidewalk but nobody helps. Some assume he is homeless and asleep. None recognize that he is in a diabetic coma.

Walking down the street, Areanna is approached by a police officer. The police officer encourages Areanna to be a Good Samaritan and put money in a parking meter that's about to expire on a stranger's car. What factors might lead Areanna to obey this police officer's order and help pay for the parking meter?

She views the police officer as an authority figure.

What is the difference between stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination?

Stereotypes are based on beliefs, prejudice is based on emotions, and discrimination is based on behavior.

Why do some salespeople try to start a new interaction by asking for something small from a potential customer (e.g., "Just answer one quick question")?

They know getting small acts of cooperation may lead to larger actions in the same direction.

Carol and Martin are participating in the Prisoner's Dilemma, where each is promised a certain amount of money for either cooperating or defecting. If Carol and Martin are married and their goal is to win the highest possible combined total of money, what should they each do?

They should both cooperate.

Most researchers define ________ as any behavior intended to harm another person who does not want to be harmed.

aggression

Which of the Big Five personality dimensions, which is defined by being sympathetic, generous, forgiving, and helpful, has received in-depth research regarding its relationship to prosocial behavior?

agreeableness

Eriqa's neighbor, Peter, has a flood that ruins his apartment. Eriqa invites him to wait in her home for the clean-up professionals to arrive. When they don't come, Eriqa tells Peter that he can stay in her guest room overnight even though she was looking forward to a night on her own. She does not ask for or expect anything in return. Eriqa is demonstrating ________.

altruism

Aversive racism is an example of ________ bias.

ambiguous

What are the three characteristics of a speaker that makes him/her more trustworthy when delivering a persuasive message?

authority, honest, likability

The tendency to overestimate the amount of violence that occurs in the world based on the ease with which you can call a recent example of violence to mind is called the _________ heuristic.

availability

While walking out of a convenience store, Nicholas openly mocks the clerk's accent to his friend. "EVERY convenience store I go into is owned by an Indian," he says. "Can't they do anything else?" Nicholas's open expression of his opinion and his lack of embarrassment suggests that this is a(n) ________ bias.

blatant

The phenomenon in which people intervene to help others in need even if the other is a complete stranger and the intervention puts the helper in danger is called ________ intervention.

bystander

Kyron is driving down the highway when the car in front of him gets a flat tire, swerves, and steers onto the side of the road. Kyron slams on his brakes, jumps out of his car, and runs to help the complete stranger even though he smells smoke coming from the car. Kyron's behaviors demonstrate __________.

bystander intervention

Which of the following is the best definition of conformity?

changing one's attitude or behavior to match a perceived social norm

One beach in Malibu, California has been available to beachgoers for years without restriction, but lately so many people have visited it that it has become dirty and littered. As a result nobody wants to go anymore. This beach is an example of a _________.

common-pool resource

"In order to want to help other people, you must first imagine yourself in their situation and feel their pain." This statement summarizes the ________ model of prosocial behavior.

empathy-altruism

Which of the following is not a part of the proposed "triad of trustworthiness?"

expertise

The peripheral route to persuasion takes advantage "trigger features" that activate sequential behavior in animals and humans. What is this sequence of behavior called?

fixed action patterns (FAPs)

Latroya, Gary, and Katelyn are assigned to work together in their psychology class. Latroya and Gary are very organized, and start working right away. Katelyn decides that she doesn't have to put forth any effort because the other two will do the job well-enough. If she gets a high grade without contributing to the project, she has demonstrated the ________ problem.

free-rider

Annette has provided assistance to others in the past and believes she can be useful to other people. As a result, she is more likely to than others to provide assistance to others in the future. Annette would rate high on a measure of _______.

helpfulness

Which of the following combinations would most likely combine to create a person's schema of the "model minority" individual?

high in competence but low in sociability

Angie is on the subway when she notices that the woman in the opposite seat is looking at her. Angie immediately think the other woman wants to have a fight and says, "what are you looking at?" The woman responds by saying she was admiring Angie's earrings, and Angie feels embarrassed. Angie is demonstrating the ________ attribution bias in the way she interpreted the other woman's gaze.

hostile

When the Sigma Alpha Mu (SAM) fraternity plays the Zeta Beta Tau (ZBT) fraternity in a baseball game, the brothers of the two groups are highly competitive and see each other as enemies. When the SAM and ZBT brothers work together for a charity fundraiser, they are more cooperative and work well together. The difference here represents ___________.

interindividual-intergroup discontinuity.

Showing favoritism for helping one's own blood relatives is called ________.

kin selection

Ira brags about how wonderful he is, talks endlessly about his accomplishments, and pushes people to admire him. He lashes out when his inflated sense of importance is threatened by others. Ira would rate high in a measure of ________.

narcissism

Which model of helping explains prosocial behaviors as having an egoistic or selfish motivation?

negative state relief

Hammond has just started working at a new job stacking items at the supermarket. He notices that most of his colleagues do stretching exercises before they begin their shift. Hammond assumes that this is a workplace regulation and also begins to do the stretching exercises. Which of the following concepts explains Hammond's behavior?

normative influence

Persuasion is most effective when individuals are:

not feeling that their freedom to make a choice is threatened

When he gets to work one morning, Emile notices that his colleague Romero and their supervisor Lisa are having an animated conversation. He immediately assumes that there is a problem and that they are arguing, but later finds out that they were sharing interesting stories from their weekends. Emile's assumption demonstrates the hostile ________ bias.

perception

The ________ route to persuasion relies on superficial cues that have little to do with logic. It requires a target who is not thinking carefully about what you are saying.

peripheral

Social psychologists are often interested in the phenomena of _________, in which one person influences the thoughts or actions of another.

persuasion

Diana and Paul decide to rob a fast food restaurant together but both are caught by the police. They are questioned in separate rooms and each is given the choice to reveal their participation or to stay quiet. If they are promised a lighter sentence for being cooperative and a harsher sentence for refusing to confess, they are engaged in the ________.

prisoner's dilemma

Tracy enters a car dealership interested in buying a new car. Immediately she is greeted by a salesman offering her water or soda and a cookie. The salesman is likely relying on what social norm to help persuade Tracy to buy a car?

reciprocity

16-year-old high school student Gregory thinks of himself as a member of the "musical clique" at school and feels that the musicians are the best group of students. He thinks poorly of athletes and spends most of his time with peers who share similar interest. This is an example of __________ theory.

self-categorization

Dr. Maweldi is studying children in his laboratory and he places Maryam and Tameika at a table together. The kids are given a plate of chocolates and Tameika is told to decide how many candies she will get and how many Maryam will get. Dr. Maweldi is studying Tameika's ________ when he examines how she allocates the treats to herself and her partner.

social value orientation

Which of the following would be good advice for treating aggressive tendencies?

start the treatment young, when people are still malleable and open to change

A belief that characterizes people based merely on group membership is __________.

stereotype

The________ content model suggests that we judge social groups based on their perceived warmth and competence.

stereotype

Which of the following factors does NOT influence conformity?

the age of the group

Jabon is given $50 to do with as he sees fit. He can decide how much to give to Alisa. Alisa can accept Jabon's money offer, or she can reject it. If she accepts it they both keep those amounts, but if she rejects it neither gets to keep any money. This situation is an example of the ________.

ultimatum game

Elden is angry because Martin has been making sexual advances at Elden's wife. Elden goes to Martin's apartment and attacks him. Martin has to be hospitalized. Elden's behaviors are an example of ________.

violence

When a person places him or herself in a position in which he or she might be exploited by another, and does so willingly with the trust that another person will not take advantage of them, they are experiencing a state of ________.

vulnerability

The stereotype content model suggests that we judge social groups on which two features?

warmth and competence

Under which of the following circumstances would a cost-benefit analysis be most likely to result in a person offering helpful assistance?

when the costs are low and the rewards are high

Yolanda is hosting a jewelry party during which her friends will come to her home and (hopefully) buy jewelry that she recommends. In this situation, there are many different ways in which perceptions of trustworthiness are being manipulated. Which of the following best describes why Yolanda might be successful in selling jewelry?

word of mouth

A person who is high in the characteristic of other-oriented empathy would be most likely to make which of the following statements?

"we have a moral obligation to help others when they are in need"

Estimates suggest that if the wars of the 20thcentury had killed the same proportion of the total population as ancient tribal wars did, then the death toll from those conflicts would have exceeded ________ people.

2 billion

Which of the following is the best historical example of how cooperation?

Construction of the "Chunnel" that connects France and England.

__________ influence refers to conformity that results from a desire to act in a manner that is clearly socially approved such as speaking softly in libraries.

Normative

Which of the following statements is true of Asch's research on conformity in groups?

Participants conformed with the group norm on about a one-third of the total trials.

In Stanley Milgram's research examining obedience, the participant was able to discontinue the experiment only after what took place?

The participant stated that he/she did not want to continue participating 4 consecutive times.

Specific, sometimes minute, aspects of a situation that activate fixed action patterns are called __________ features.

trigger

Bettie and Verona used to be best friends, but Bettie got angry when Verona didn't come to her birthday party. Since then, Bettie has been spreading rumors about Verona. Bettie is engaging in ________ aggression.

relational

Intentionally harming another person's social relationships, feelings of acceptance, or inclusion within a group is called ________ aggression.

relational