SOCIAL STUDIES
What happened because Cabral took that explorer's advice?
Cabral's attempt to avoid the windless Gulf of Guinea resulted in hisarrival in present-day Brazil.
What settlement did the Dutch build at Africa's Table Bay?
Cape Town
What happened to Magellan's expedition after his death?
It returned to Spain under the command of Juan Sebastian del Cano, making the survivors the first Europeans to circumnavigate the globe.
Why did Cartier's effort to establish a French colony fail?
It was settled by prisoners who did not want to work in such cold, distant place. The colony did not receive supplies in time.
What was the Middle Passage?
It was the name for the side of the trading triangle that carried enslaved people from Africa to the Americas
What was the first permanent English settlement in North America?
Jamestown was the permanent English settlement. It was started by the London Company.
Which European monarchs paid for Christopher Columbus's expedition?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain
Why was farming difficult in New France?
Long harsh winters meant that growing seasons were short.
Why didn't Magellan return to Spain?
Magellan didn't return to Spain because he wanted to explore the Philippine Islands.
What present day Canadian city takes its name from a hill named by Cartier?
Montreal
What "discovery" did Vasco Nunez de Balboa make?
South America
Which countries rejected Giovanni Caboto's plan to find a new route to the Spice Islands? Which one encouraged it?
Spain and Portgual rejected it and England encouraged it.
What countries signed the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Spain and Portugal signed the treaty
How many voyages did Columbus make to the Americas?
4
Who was Bartolome de las Casas?
A priest who protested against the cruel treatment of natives.
What was the encomienda system?
A system that Spanish settlers were given a large plot of land and a number of enslaved workers.
What body of water did Magellan name after making it through the straight they had found?
After making it through the straight he made it to the Pacific Ocean
What area of the world did Ferdinand and Isabella think Columbus had reached?
Because of Columbus's description, Ferdinand and Isabella thought he had reached his destination in Asia
What adjectives describe the experience of the Middle Passage?
Crowded, inhumane, dangerous, cruel and difficult
What two things killed masses of indigenous people in the Spanish colonies?
Disease and being overworked
Why was it difficult for plantation owners in places like the Caribbean to use indigenous people for cheap labor?
Disease and war had killed too many of them
Which conquistador joined Balboa on his journey to the "South Sea"?
Don Rodrigo de Bastidas
How ws the slavery practiceed by Africans different from slavery practiced during the age of exploration?
Enslaved people in Africa did not always lose their rights. Children born to enslaved people were not automatically enslaved
The text says "The Age of Exploration was better for some people than for others" For whom was the age better
Europeans, plantation owners, spice merchants and slave traders
Why were spices so expensive in Europe?
Explorers could not grow spices from their countries, so had to sail to Spice Islands and usually go around Africa because it was a lot cheaper than going through Europe and Asia
What type of person was Ferdinand Magellan?
Ferdinand Magellan got mad easily
How did John Cabot's third and final voyage end?
Four of his five ships include the one he was on, vanished without a trace.
Which country did Giovanni da Verrazano sail?
France
What was John Cabot's real name?
Giovanni Caboto
What did Dirk Hartog and Abel Tasman accommplish?
Hartog found Australia and Tasman proved that Australia was an island
Why did Columbus call the Taino people "Indians"?
He believed he had reached the East Indies and that the Tainos were indigenous to that area.
Why was the Portugal's Prince Henry called the "the Navigator" even though he never went on a single expedition?
He encouraged the growth of Portuguese exploration, lending support to the design and building of ships, to mapmaking, and to the development of navigational instruments.
Which colonies did Samuel de Champlain establish?
He established the colonies of Nova Scotia and what is now Quebec City.
What bodies of water did Jacques Cartier explore for France?
He explored the Gulf of St. Lawrence and St. Lawrence River.
What did Drake do to make sure he could circumnavigate the globe like Magellan?
He kidnapped an experienced Portuguese pilot who knew how to sail through the Straits of Magellan.
How did Columbus attempt to keep his crew from worrying about sailing into the unknown?
He lied about the distance they travelled each day
How did Jan van Linschoten help the Netherlands enter the spice trade?
He provided the Dutch with information he had gathered during his years of working with Eastern traders.
What was Magellan's mission when he set sail in 1519?
He wanted to go to Africa.
For whom was of the Age of Expoloration a time of hardship?
Indigenous people of the Americas, Africans who were enslaved
Who was Sir Frances Drake?
He was an English pirate who served England's queen and who became one of the greatest sea captain in history.
What country was Henry Hudson from? For what country did he explore?
He was from England but he explored for the Netherlands
What was Verrazano the first European to do?
He was the first European to sail up the Atlantic coast of he present day United States from North Carolina to Newfoundland.
How did Las Casas change the king's mind about the encomienda system?
He wrote a book telling people in Spain how indigenous people were being abused.
Which conquistador conquered the Aztecs and the Incas?
Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro
What were the goals of Verrazano's voyage?
His goals were to create an accurate map of North America and to find a Northwest Passage.
What was Magellan's native country and why did he disown it?
His native country was Portugal and he disowned it because the king refused to send him on his exploration.
Why did Sir Frances Drake seek revenge against Spain?
His ship was once attacked and robbed by a Spanish ship.
Under what conditions did they agree to fund Columbus's voyage?
How did Columbus attempt to keep his crew from worrying about sailing into the unknown?
How did the Age of Exploration lead to the development of the slave trade?
Much of the wealth of the newly colonized lands revolved around the raising and sale of cash crops. OVer time the use of enslaved persons proved to be the most cost effective way for the Europeans to run the large plantation in the Caribbean and the American South. Europeans found it was profitable to transport Africans from Africa to Europe and the Americas and sell them in slave markets.
Where did Magellan's expedition come upon a strait? What is the strait called today?
Near the southern tips of South America. The name of it today is the Straits of Magellan.
Which European countries were the first to become involved in the African slave trade?
Portugal and then Spain
What were the terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Spain was given permission to claim all land west of the treaty line, which was set 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands. Portugal was given permission to claim all lands east of the line.
Who wound up ruling both Portugal and Spain after the death of Portugal's King Henry in 1580?
Spain's King Phillip II
How was French treatment of Native Americans different from that of the English?
The French had a more peaceful trade based realtionship with the Native Americans. The English forcefully pushed Native Americans off their land.
What body of water did Hudson at first mistake for the Northwest Passage?
The Hudson River
Describe the sides of the trading triangle that existed among Europe, Africa and North America beginning in the 1600's?
The first side carried goods such as iron, guns, gunpowder, knives, cloth and beads from Europe to Africa
Which river was explored by Marquette, Joillet and de La salle?
The Mississippi River
Who took over both Portugal's slave trade and its spice trade when that nation's power collapsed?
The Netherlands ( the Dutch)
What is the South Sea called today?
The Pacific Ocean
How was the English approach to colonization different from that of the Spanish?
The Spanish wanted to dig gold and silver out of the ground and send it back to Spain. The English wanted to set up settlements where colonists could live their lives.
What two factors contributed to the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588?
The aramada was taken down by the battle tactics of Drake and the other English captains and by a storm that sank several of the armada's ships.
Where did the Dutch build the city of New Amsterdam? By what name is the city known today?
The city was built on the island of Manhattan which is today New York City
How did sailors use the astrolabes, sextants and magnetic compasses?
The compass is a device that uses a magnetized needle to determine direction. The astrolabes is a device that used the sun and stars to determine a latitude and longitude positioning when travelling. The sextant is a device that uses the sun, moon, and stars, to help sailors determine their position at sea, uses coordinates of latitude and longitude
Describe England's first attempts to establish a colony in North America?
The first English colonies settled at Roanoke Island, but they got discouraged and returned to England. Another group settled at Roanoke Island but they disappeared.
How did the search for the Spice Islands change history?
The search for the Spice Islands encouraged explorers to travel the world, they encountered lands, oceans and peoples they never knew existed; Europeans' efforts to reach the Spice Islands led them to explore the planet
How did settlers and colony at Jamestown manage to survive?
The settlers and colony struggled initially but Native Americans from the Powhatan Confederacy showed them how to grow tobacco. Previously unknown in Europs, tobacco was soon in great demand in Europe and brought money to the Jamestown colony.
What groups were ignored under the terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
The treaty ignored indigenous people in colonized lands. It also ignored any European powers other than Spain and Portugal.
How did the Spanish meet the labor shortage created by the decline of the indigenous population?
They brought slaves from Africa
What was one way that sailors kept track of their speed?
They counted knots on a rope
Why did the Portuguese launch voyages of exploration?
They hoped to establish sea routes to the Indies to make profits from trade.
Where did the Dutch establish their trade center in the late 1500's?
They set up their trade center on the island of Java in what is now Indonesia
What were two ways that sailors kept track of their time?
They used an hour glass and they knotted the movement and the position of the sun.
Why did the Portuguese include both lanteen and square sails on caravels?
They used both square sails and lateen (triangular) sails. Square sails were used to sail faster with the wind following behind. Lantern sails were used to sale agains the wind.
Who did the Spanish colonists use at first to mine silver and gold in the Americas?
They used indingenous people
What caused the Portuguese to develop caravels?
They wanted to be able to travel longer
What were Bartolomeu Dias and his fleet the first to do?
They were the first Europeans to find a route to the Indian Ocean.
What were the two reasons that people of medieval Europe wanted spices?
To flavor and preserve food
Which Portuguese explorer did Pedro Alvares Cabral consult before leading his own expedition to India?
Vasco da Gama