social work midterm 1

Fourteenth Amendment -

(1868) No state may "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law."

Fifteenth Amendment -

(1870) Gave all men, regardless of race or color, the right to vote.

Nineteenth Amendment -

(1920) Gave women the right to vote.

Civil Rights Act of -

(1964) Outlaws discrimination and/or segregation in public accommodations and employment on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin and differential treatment of people of color in voter registration. Gave government enforcement power.

Age Discrimination in Employment Act -

(1967) Protects employees who are 40 years old or over from unequal treatment at work based on age. Additional laws passed since to offer protection in education and benefits.

Americans with Disabilities Act-

(1990) outlaws discrimination against people with disabilities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, and public services. Requires "reasonable accommodation" for people with disabilities in work places and public facilities.

Defense of Marriage Act -

(1996) Defined marriage as between one man and one women; allowed states to refuse to recognize same sex marriages recognized in another state

what is ableism?

Ableism is the oppression of people with disabilities. This oppression is systematic, pervasive, and institutionalized.

Civil Rights Act of 1968 -

Added protection against discrimination in housing.

Empowerment-

Another key perspective is empowerment In social work practice it means helping clients to gain power over their lives. Social workers strive to find ways to help clients determine the best course of action for themselves.

Psychological Perspectives -

Bias is caused by psychological conditions such as fear of the unknown. Also includes scapegoating and projection.

What are causes of social injustice?

Biological Determinism. The Socialization Process. Psychological Perspectives. Sociological Perspectives

Mary Richmond:

Charity Organization Society (COS) associations begun in the 1870s with the primary goals of learning what caused individual poverty and providing organized services to alleviate poverty, and an emphasis on serving individuals and their families. COS leadership was exemplified by Mary Richmond, who began her social work career as a friendly visitor in Baltimore in 1891 and spent years as an administrator in several COS agencies. Richmond was a key figure in the nationwide COS movement and in the early development of the profession. She wrote Social Diagnosis (1971) the first social work practice book to present professional ways to identify client's problems. Richmond strongly advocated for the development of professional curricula for training social workers.

Affirmative Action -

Designed to address past inequities in employment and education based on race and sex. Requires organizations to develop plans to diversify their workforces and student bodies and establish timetables for implementation.

Ecological systems framework-

Ecological systems framework builds on systems theory, focusing on the interaction of client systems and the larger environmental context. The focus is on what happens between people and the environment.

Which theoretical framework most strongly takes the environment into account?

Ecological systems framework.

Melting Pot -

Exposure to the mass media and a common education system would cause all those living in the U.S. to lose their cultural uniqueness and become "Americans."

Describe Elizabethan Poor Laws-

First social welfare policy implemented in colonial America, which outlined the publics responsibility for people who were poor.

Separatism -

Groups live in the same country but do things as separately as possible.

Supreme Court Declares Same-Sex Marriage Legal In All 50 States in :

June 2015

ν Models of intergroup relations:

Melting Pot Cultural Pluralism Separatism

Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA)-

Not yet passed. Would prohibit employers from using sexual orientation as the basis for employment decisions such as hiring, firing, promotion and compensation.

Biological Determinism -

Social and economic status is biologically determined. People achieve a certain social and economic status based on innate biological characteristics.

Describe social justice:

Social workers challenge social injustice. Social work as a profession is unique in its commitment to social justice-the level of fairness that exists in society. Working for social justice means striving to create a society in which all people, regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, and gender identity, sexual orientation, economic status, age, or physical or mental ability, have the same basic rights and opportunities and can develop to their fullest potential.

What is cultural competence as defined in social work?

Social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional expertise. After being trained and working as certified professionals, all social workers must strive to further develop their areas of expertise and increase their understanding of people's strengths, problems, and needs. This is a lifelong professional pursuit. It ensures that the social workers knowledge base is current and meaningful, improving effectiveness in solving todays social problems.

General systems theory-

Systems theory explains how elements work together to make up an identifiable whole. Social workers are most interested in social systems, the interactions among people that make up society. The theory suggests that many different elements (family, friends, school environment, social service programs, etc.) make up the pieces that shape a person's life. To effectively intervene with an individual, we need to look at all the separate parts that make up the whole system.

Residual: ♣ Designed to address already identified problems. ♣ Reactive ♣ Only available to those in need some examples are:

TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) and Food Stamps

Diversity perspective-

The diversity perspective emphasizes the diversity of social workers and their clients. It emphasizes the importance of understanding personal and societal biases, and cultural differences to work effectively with a diverse client population. It emphasizes an understanding of the dynamics of oppression and discrimination.

What is social work?

The purpose of sw is to promote human and community well-being. The unique contribution of social work practice is the duality of the professions person and environment mandate: social workers must help society work better for people and help people function better within society. This can be seen in social work's mission as defined by the National Association of Social Workers. According to the National Association of Social Workers, the mission of social work is "to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty. A historic and defining feature of social work is the profession's focus on individual well-being in a social context and the well-being of society."

Low employment and income levels -

There are not enough jobs are those that exist don't pay enough.

What is scapegoating?

When some people experience problems and become frustrated and angry, they look for someone else to blame. Members of oppressed populations are often easy to scapegoat because they lack the power to effectively defend themselves.

What is a theory?

a "systematic set of interrelated statements intended to explain some aspect of social life or enrich our sense of how people conduct and find meaning in their daily lives" (Rubin & Babbie, 2007, p. 41). A theory attempts to explain why something is the way it is. A theory must be testable.

the D.A.R.E. Program-

a collaborative effort between schools and local law enforcement. begins in the 6th grade with 17 lessons on such topics as considering consequences, resistance techniques, and building self esteem. 8th grade students receive 10 follow up lessons including pressures from gang and gang violence.

Prejudice -

an attitude that involves judging groups and individuals based on myths and misconceptions

ageism?

belief in the superiority of youth over age and the systematic oppression of people bc they are older.

Cognitive Behavioral Treatment-

belief that how and what a person thinks determines or contributes to how the person feels and behaves.

sexism -

belief that men are superior to women

what is community planning?

collecting data, analyzing a situation, and developing strategies to move from a problem to a situation.

Crisis intervention-

designed to assist victims and survivors to return to to their pre crisis level of functioning .

homophobia-

fear or homosexuality or fear or lesbian and gay men.

task centered (reid and Epstein)

first identify the problem rather than the cause.

problem solving method(helen),

focus on the present rather than on the past.

Impact of devolution of services on TANF:

greater variability among TANF programs across different states, creating a variety of TANF regulations, eligibility criteria, and benefits.

Macro Practice

has the aim of changing the environment so that it works better for individuals.

Micro Practice

has the aim of helping individuals fit better into their environment.

what is inclusion?

involves making every effort to educate a child with a disability in his or her own neighborhood school and with his or her own peers.

Discrimination -

is an action that involves treating people differently based on their membership in a group.

what is mainstreaming?

is removing a child with a disability from special education classes and placing him or her in one or more regular education classes.

Oppression -

is systematic and pervasive mistreatment of people based on their membership in a certain group. Oppression includes: Racism Sexism Heterosexism Classism Ableism Ageism Anti-Semitism and other forms of religious-based oppression

Institutional Discrimination -

occurs when discrimination is built into the norms and institutions in society and enforced by those in power.

what is advocacy?

pleading the cause of another or, put more simply, speaking up and supporting what one believes in.

Residual care:

residual services come into play only after there is an identifiable problem. For example, if a single parent family is too poor to pay for even basic needs, certain programs can provide monthly cash assistance or credit to purchase food or help pay rent. These programs are available only when all other resources are lacking and when there is a documented need. This is a reactive approach to helping people. (reactive means that the response comes after the problem or need is identified.) They majority of social welfare services in this country are residual.

Examples of institutional care:

social security (the preventive aspect of this program is that it provides a minimum income to keep people in retirement from falling below the poverty line). Tax benefit, such as the exemption for children on federal income tax forms. The exemption means that a specified amount is deducted for each dependent child (this tax break helps defray the cost of child rearing, therefore helping to prevent poverty). Public education (all youngsters from 5 to 18 years of age are guaranteed a place in a public school, regardless of family income or resources.

Institutional care-

social welfare services are in place to prevent problems. They are proactive and provide benefits or services to people before problems arise.

Psychosocial treatment(ana freud erik erikson) ,

the core tenet is that interacting genetic, biological, and sociocultural factors explain the cognitive and emotional process, both conscious and unconscious, that motive human behavior.

Define the Official Poverty Line:

the definition of poverty used by federal and state governments is an absolute measure. It is important because it is often used to determine eligibility for social service programs. The measure is referred to as the poverty threshold, or the poverty line.

what is community change?

the desired outcome, whether it means adding needed services, shifting the balance of power from the haves to the have-nots, reducing isolation, or developing and implementing more effective policies.

The feminization of poverty refers to

the fact that poverty is more likely to happen to women than to men.

heterosexism-

the institutionalized bias directed at gay men lesbians bisexuals and people who are transgendered.

what is community organizing?

the process of brining people together to work for needed change.

what is community development?

the process of helping individuals improve the conditions of their lives by increased involvement in the social and economic condition for there communities.

The juvenilization of poverty describes

the tendency for children to be disproportionately represented in the ranks of those who are poor.

¥ Absolute Poverty -

uses a dollar value that is firmly set; anyone who earns less than that amount is officially poor.

¥ Relative Poverty -

uses comparisons to determine who is poor and who is not. A relative scale begins with agreement about the level of economic resources the average person should have.

♣ Time Period - Social Welfare in the New Millennium (2000 - present)

♣ Key Social Welfare Issues - Terrorism, War, Financial struggles & Economic recovery ♣ Values - Some efforts for social responsibility (health care) but also struggle with individual focus of personal and economic security

♣ Time Period - Progressive Era (1875-1925)

♣ Key Social Welfare Response - Birth of Social Work Profession ♣ Values - Importance of environmental or structural factors. Basic rights for workers. Need for social responsibility.

♣ Time Period - Retrenchment Period (1976-2000)

♣ Key Social Welfare Response - Cutbacks & Local Control ♣ Values - Individual and family responsibility. External aid only for the "worthy" poor.

♣ Time Period - Civil War/Postwar Period (1861-1874)

♣ Key Social Welfare Response - First Federal Intervention ♣ Values - Segregation. Importance of federal government as a resource for those in need.

♣ Time Period - World War II & After (1941-1959)

♣ Key Social Welfare Response - GI Bill ♣ Values - Individual well-being and home/family life, particularly nuclear families. Soldiers/veterans should be honored and supported.

♣ Time Period - Great Depression/New Deal (1926-1940)

♣ Key Social Welfare Response - Social Insurance & Public Assistance ♣ Values - Social and economic conditions contribute to economic distress. The federal government should help correct economic imbalances.

♣ Time Period - Social Reform Period (1960-1975)

♣ Key Social Welfare Response - War on Poverty Values - Social responsibility. Question authority

♣ Time Period - Colonial Period (1690-1800)

♣ Key Social Welfare Response -Elizabethan Poor Laws ♣ Values - Individualism and abundant, limitless natural resources.

♣ Time Period - Pre-Civil War Period (1801-1860)

♣ Key Social Welfare Response -Residential Institutions, little rehabilitation ♣ Values - Placing similar people with similar problems together.

who could benefit from Elizabethan poor laws?

♣ Poor categorized as either worthy or unworthy to receive aid. ♣ Worthy poor included widows, orphans, the elderly, and people with physical disabilities. ♣ Unworthy poor included able bodied single adults and unmarried women with children born out of wedlock. ♣ Aid for the poor first came from families, and only when the family absolutely could not provide economic support, did public authorities step in. ♣ Legal residency in the community was necessary to be eligible for assistance. ♣ Assistance was temporary and only for emergencies. The ultimate goal was for each recipient to gain employment or marry someone who was employed.

Strengths perspective-

-The strengths perspective dictates focusing on clients' strengths, rather than focusing on problems. This perspective states that all individuals, groups, and communities have strengths that often go unappreciated. By recognizing existing strengths, we can use them as building blocks for change.

¥ What is the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act?

1980s the act was designed to provide resources and services to address the problem of homelessness.

Eligibility for and requirements of TANF-

1996, this federal public assistance cash support program was designed to provide monthly cash benefits for poor families. In order to be eligible, a family must fall below an income level set by each state. Primarily designed for families with incapacity, death, or the continued absence of a parent, the program also covers some two parent families. eligible families can receive benefits up to 2 years at a time (24months) for a maximum of five years. Adults must be involved in efforts to achieve employment while receiving benefits (20 hours per week)

Mental health issues common for veterans:

PTSD, susbstance abuse, depression, anxiety

Values and blaming the victim -

People are blamed for their own poverty, society is not responsible.

The Socialization Process -

People learn from observation. Children do what they see their parents and other adults do.

¥ The Culture of Poverty Theory -

People learn to be poor from growing up in impoverished areas.

Cultural Pluralism -

People retain their unique cultural characteristics while they mix socially and economically with other groups.

The Functionality of Poverty Theory -

Poverty plays an important role in the economic structure, providing a pool of low-wage workers.

Sociological Perspectives -

Scarce resources and economic insecurity cause conflict between groups. Discrimination and oppression serve economic purposes and benefit those in power.

Jane Adams

Settlement Movement. Organized social welfare efforts begun in the late 1800s to help people who were poor, particularly immigrants, included workers living within the community and providing services from their dwelling or settlement (New York city 1887) the second settlement, Hull House Settlement (Chicago 1889 Jane Adams) Jane Adams lived at Hull House for over 30 years. During those years, she fought tirelessly for social change and created numerous social programs to benefit the residents of the surrounding neighborhood.