SOCIH Exam 4

In Loving v. Virginia, the Supreme Court ruled that existing state-level bans on interracial marriage were unconstitutional. Many people disagreed with this decision. They felt we all should _____.

partner up with similar people and respect endogamy

One characteristic of all religions is their use of _____, such a fish, to provide identity and create social solidarity for their members.

symbols

Teaching students about the physical and political geography of their state, their country, and their world is a(an) _____.

manifest function of education

Elizabeth Taylor was married eight times and as a great example of serial _____. This is a form of marriage that permits a man or woman to have several spouses over a lifetime, but also specifies one marriage partner at a time with a legal divorce before the acceptance of a new spouse.

monogamy

In California, couples do not have to give a specific reason to get a divorce. They can cite "irreconcilable differences" to get out of an undesirable marriage. This type of law is called _____.

no-fault

The television show The Flintstones (1960) featured a family living in the stone age era in the town of Bedrock. The family featured Fred, his wife Wilma, and their daughter Pebbles along with their pets Dino and Baby Puss. This is an example of a(n) _____ family.

nuclear

What do schools, churches, and governments all have in common?

They are all social institutions.

What is the relationship between income, gender, and education?

At every level of education the average income of men is higher than the average income of women.

How could a website like farmersonly.com decrease the importance of propinquity in mate selection while preserving or even increasing the importance of homogamy?

By bringing people together from all over the world based on their very similar interests or backgrounds

If scholars assume that audiences are active rather than passive, what does this imply about the meaning of media "texts"?

Consumers can alter and even invert meanings to suit their own purposes.

Carol, a character from The Walking Dead is asked to present on an organized and established social system that meets one or more of a society's basic needs. She uses "story time" as a cover to teach the children how to use weapons so that they will have a better understanding of how to survive in the apocalypse. Which of the following institutions is she demonstrating?

Education

_____ emphasizes that education unifies and stabilizes society.

Functionalism

Religion fulfills what role in society from a structural functionalist perspective?

It provides its adherents with a set of values, norms, and rules by which to live.

John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon debated during the 1960 presidential campaign. Voters who watched the debate on television were more likely to see Kennedy as the winner than those who listened to it on radio. Why?

Nixon refused to take advice on hair, makeup, and clothing that would have made him look better on camera.

If, as Stanley Fish argues, an individual reader interprets a text and thereby gives it meaning, then there are an infinite number of potential meanings for any given text. Why, then, do so many people interpret things in the same ways?

People who consume the same texts come from similar backgrounds and have similar interpretive frameworks.

What does the uses and gratifications paradigm of media consumption assume about audiences?

They are actively engaged.

Why are political action committees much more important to political campaigns now than they were in the past?

Unlike giving to candidates or political parties, there are no limits on how much money an individual can give political action committees.

The Brady Bunch (1969) is about of a lovely lady and a man named Brady and features the following in the theme song: 'Til the one day when the lady met this fellow/And they knew that it was much more than a hunch/That this group must somehow form a family/That's the way we all became the Brady bunch. This is a great example of a/an _____.

blended family

Stanley Fish argues against older understandings of media and literature, which held that a text is unchanging and universal. He argues that each member of an audience can interpret and so "create" a work, but he does not claim that each audience member has absolute freedom to interpret in unique ways because _____.

each member of an audience is part of a larger interpretive community

Regardless of whether children have high or low ability, they are more likely to go to college if their parents _____.

have high income

When asked about how they met, the newlyweds explain that they were friendly as children because their families attended the same church, but they did not start dating until much later, when they ended up at the same university. This couple is an example of _____.

homogamy

What happens to marital satisfaction when children are born?

it goes down

The television show Sister Wives (2010) features the Brown family consisting of Kody Brown with this four wives Meri, Janelle, Robyn, and Christine and their combined children. The practice of having more than one spouse is illegal in the United States. This means that _____ is against the law.

polygamy

C. Wright Mills used the term _____ to refer to the top people in U.S. corporations, the military, and politics who make the country's main decisions.

power elite

Robert is walking down the street late at night when a man in a ski mask suddenly sticks a gun in his face and takes his wallet. Sociologists would say that Robert's mugger had ________ but not ________.

power; authority

Sociologists explain the appeal of religion in terms of _____.

problems of the social order that threaten a person's sense of well-being

According to Durkheim, what did religion do in society?

served as a way to integrate society

In his study of British television, The Nationwide Audience, David Morley argued that the success or failure of a television program "in transmitting the preferred or dominant meaning will depend on whether it encounters readers" with "codes and ideologies derived from other institutional areas (e.g., churches or schools) which correspond to and work in parallel with those of the program or whether it encounters readers" with beliefs "drawn from other areas or institutions (e.g., trade unions or 'deviant' subcultures) which conflict to a greater or lesser extent with those of the program." Which theory of mass media consumption is Morley using?

the encoding/decoding model

The majority of appointed U.S. Treasury secretaries have been either former partners or managers of Goldman Sachs, a global investment management firm. Sociologists would argue that this overlap between private business and the federal government is an example of _____.

the power elite

Maria and Mark both work full time. Maria gets off work at 4:00, picks up her kids from her sister's house, and returns home to start the laundry. She makes dinner for her family and checks her children's homework. Maria's scenario is an example of the housework and care work that sociologists call _____.

the second shift

A teacher believes that Latinos are poor at math. Interaction between a Latino student and the teacher has the effect of encouraging the Latino student to fail. This phenomenon is called _____.

the teacher-expenctancy effect

King Tut inherited the throne in Egypt from his father and cultural norms dictated that a king's son succeed him. The power that King Tut inherited as king was legitimated by respect for this pattern of government. As such, his authority was _____.

traditional authority