Sociological perspective

Theoretical approach

A basic image of society that guides thinking and research.

Structural functional paradigm

A framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.

Social conflict paradigm

A framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change.

Symbolic interaction paradigm

A framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals.

Three changes are especially important to the development of sociology in Europe during the 19th century including

A new industrial economy, a growth of cities, and political change.

Theory

A statement of how and why specific facts are related.

Positivsm

A way of understating based on science.

Middle income countries

Are nations with moderately productive economic systems in which people's incomes a about the global average.

High income countries

Are nations with very productive economic systems in which most people have relatively high incomes.

Auguste Comte

Coined the term sociology to describe a new way of looking at society.

Latent functions

Consequences that are largely unrecognized and unintended ex. Social organizations.

Karl Marx

Created social conflict theory

Peter Berger

Defines sociological perspective as seeing the general in the particular

Herbert Spencer

Developed structural functional approach

Lenore Weitzman

Discovered woman who leave marriages typically experience a dramatic loss in income

Harriet Martineau

First woman sociologist. Concerned about woman's place in society.

United States, canada, and most if Western Europe are classified as being

High income countries

W.E.B. Du Bois

Identified double consciousness of African Americans. Social conflict theorist

Low income countries

Nations with less productive economic systems in which in which most people are poor. About one half of the world's population live in the 60 low income countries.

C. Wright Mills

Periods of change or crisis encourages people to use the sociological perspective.

Robert Merton

Pointed out social structure has many functions some more obvious than others.

Sterotype

Refer to exaggerated descriptions applied to every person in some category.

Micro orientation

Refers to a close-up focus on social interaction in specific situations.

Macro orientation

Refers to a concern with broad patterns that shape society as a whole.

Jane Adams

Sociological pioneer spoke out on immigration issues. Social activist.

Emile Durkheim

Structural approach. Suicide study. Reasoned that the variation in suicide rates between different categories of people had to do with social integration

Global perspective

Studying the larger world and our society's place in it.

Social functions

The consequences of any social pattern for the operation of society as a whole.

Sociology

The general definition for the systematic study of human society.

Manifest functions

The recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern ex learning in school

Social dysfunctions

The undesirable consequences of any social pattern for the operation of society. ex. bullying

Social structure

This term refers to any relatively stable pattern of social behavior.

Max Weber

Understanding a setting from the people in it

Three important reasons for taking a global perspective include:

Where we love makes a great difference in shaping our lives, societies around he world are increasing,t interconnected, many human problems that we face in the U.S. Are far more serious elsewhere, and it is a good way to learn more about ourselves