Sociology 100

Same-sex couple households accounts for ____ percent of US households

1

What is the approximate median age of the US?

37

Which of the following is the primary component of the evolutionary model of technological change?

A breakthrough in one form of technology leads to a number of variations, and technological developments.

Which statement illustrates low status consistency?

A college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year.

Which is not a characteristic of democracy?

A king or queen holds the majority of government control

According to national surveys, most U.S. parents support which type of sex education program in school?

Abstinence plus sexual safety

Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism?

After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant.

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act counteracts which theory?

Age Stratification

In which ways does religion serve a social institution?

All of the above

Which statement best explains the meaning of "one person, one vote"

All people's votes should count equally

Which of the following scenarios is an example of intragenerational mobility?

An executive belongs to a different class than her parents.

Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?"

Asian Americans

Which statement best expresses the difference between power and authority?

Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power

Which factor most increases the risk of an elderly person suffering mistreatment?

Being frail to the point of dependency on care

What is discrimination?

Biased actions against an individual or group

Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group?

Blacks under apartheid in South Africa

In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced

China

The government of __________ blocks citizens' access to popular new media sites like Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter.

China

Which statement best expresses why the US is not a true democracy?

Citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy

Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility?

Class

Which theory of Education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo?

Conflict Theory

Which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society?

Conflict theory

Which of following is correct regarding the explanation for transgenderism?

Currently, there is no definitive explanation for transgenderism.

An older man retires from his job, stops golfing, and cancels his newspaper subscription.

Disengagement

Who wrote the book of On Death and Dying, outlining the five stages of grief

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross

Only women are affected by gender stratification.

False

Which statement best expresses why there have been so few charismatic female leaders throughout history?

Few women have had the opportunity to hold leadership roles over the course of history

Which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the US?

First-generation college studen

Why did most white ethnic Americans come to the United States?

For a better life and To escape oppression (a and b only)

Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly

Functional perspective

To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance?

Functionalism

Which of the following paradigms would consider movements such as Occupy Wall Street undesirable for social change?

Functionalism

Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability?

Functionalism

Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?

Genocide

Which sociologist is not associated with conflict theory?

George H. Mead

What is the primary driver of modernization theory?

Industrialization

Which concept corresponds best to functionalism?

Interdepedence

Many Arab Americans face _______________, especially after 9/11.

Islamophobia

Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact?

It does not need the actions of individuals to continue.

Which of the following present and former government leaders is generally considered a dictator?

Kim Jong-Un

What is the one defining feature of a minority group?

Lack of power

Which of the following types of authority does not reside primarily in a leader?

Legal-rational

Which president signed the Voting Rights Act?

Lyndon B Johnson

America's baby boomer generation has contributed to all of the following except...

Medicaid being in danger of going bankrupt

Which assertion about aging in men would be made by a sociologist following the functionalist perspective?

Men who remain active after retirement by playing a role in the community

What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant Church?

Methodist and Seventh day Adventist

Which of the following is true of intimate partner violence (IPV)?

Nearly half of the instances of IPV involve drugs or alcohol

Which type of child abuse is the most prevalent in the US?

Neglect

Which nation is an absolute monarchy?

Oman

In Erik Erikson's developmental stages of life, with which challenge must older people struggle?

Overcoming despair to achieve integrity

Which of the following is the best example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children?

Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles.

Which of the following does the functionalist and conflict perspectives share?

Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms

Which graphic concept best illustrates the concept of social stratification?

Pyramid

Which current world figure has the least amount of political power?

Queen Elizabeth II

What are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world?

Resources and money

The U.S Supreme Court case ______________ led to the revision of voting districts to account for difference in popularity

Reynolds v Sims

Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include:

Scientology and Hare Krishna

What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South?

Separate but equal

The measure that compares the number of men to women in a population is...

Sex Ratio

Which action reflects ageism?

Speaking slowly and loudly when talking to someone over age 65 years old

What Western country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex?

Sweden

Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process?

Symbolic Interactionism

Which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individual's sense of support and well-being?

Symbolic interactionism

When it comes to technology, media, and society, which of the following is true?

Technology, media, and society are bound and cannot be separated.

Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it?

The Bracero Program

Which of the following is not a form of new media?

The cable television program Dexter

Which of the following is not a risk of media globalization?

The creation of local monopolies

What factor makes class systems open?

They allow for movement between the classes.

The Arab Spring, Occupy Wall Street protests, and the Tea Party movement have the following in common:

They are examples of conflict theory in action

What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States?

They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants.

Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why?

They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture

In the US Senate, it is customary to assign each senator a seniority ranking based on years of government service and the population of the state he or she represents. A top ranking gives the senator priority for assignments to office space, committee chair positions, and seating on the senate floor. What type of authority does this example best illustrate?

Traditional

Which factor does not influence voting practices?

Voting booths

Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype?

Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded.

Structural mobility occurs when:

a large group moves up or down the class ladder due to societal changes

Sociologists associate sexuality with _______.

a person's capacity for sexual feelings

According to the study cited by the US Census Bureau, children who live with married parents grow up with more advantages than children who grow up with...

a single parent

Maya is a twelve-year-old girl living in Thailand. She is homeless, and often does not know where she will sleep or when she will eat. We might say that Maya lives in _________ poverty.

absolute

Many constitutional monarchies started out as....

absolute monarchies

The 1972 case Mills v Board of Education of DC set a precedent for

access to education

An older woman retires and completely changes her life. She is no longer raising children or working. However, if she joins the YMCA to swim every day. She serves on the Friends of Library board. She is a part of a neighborhood group that plays Bunco on Saturday nights. Her situation most closely illustrates the ____ theory.

activity

What do Christianity and Islam have in common?

all of the above

Functionalist theory sees the education as serving the needs of ______

all of the above (families, society, the individual)

Stereotypes can be based on:

all of the above (race, ethnicity , gender)

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender":

all of the time, in everything we do

The racial term "African American" can refer to:

any of the above

Ethnicity describes shared:

any of the above (beliefs, language, religion)

Research suggests that people generally feel that their current family is ____ than the family they grew up with

at least as close

In the past, the United States manufactured clothes. Many clothing corporations have shut down their U.S. factories and relocated to China. This is an example of:

capital flight

The Protestant work ethic was viewed in terms of relationship to:

capitalism

If elderly people suffer abuse, it is most often perpetrated by _____

caregivers

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. used his public speaking abilities and magnetism to inspire African Americans to stand up against injustices in an extremely hostile environment, What type of authority does this example best illustrate?

charasmatic

Slavery in the pre-Civil War U.S. South most closely resembled

chattel slavery

The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are known as

class traits

Veterans are two to four times more likely to ____ as people who did not serve in the military

commit suicide

Karl Marx believed social structure evolves through:

conflict

A sociologist who focuses on the way that multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit the local workers in their peripheral nation factories is using a _________ perspective to understand the global economy.

conflict theory

Sociologists G William Domhoff's book, asserts that wealth is often necessary to exert the most influence over social and political systems

conflict theory

Compared to most Western societies, U.S. sexual attitudes are considered _______.

conservative

In the US life expectancy rates in recent decades have______

continued to gradually rise

France might be classified as which kind of nation?

core

Dependency theorists explain global inequality and global stratification by focusing on the way that:

core nations exploit peripheral nations

Which of the following is not a manifest function of education?

courtship

Learning from classmates that most students buy lunch on Fridays is an example of _____

cultural transmission

Thanatology is the study of ____

death and dying

In a U.S. town, a mining company owns all the stores and most of the houses. It sells goods to the workers at inflated prices, offers house rentals for twice what a mortgage would be, and makes sure to always pay the workers less than needed to cover food and rent. Once the workers are in debt, they have no choice but to continue working for the company, since their skills will not transfer to a new position. This situation most closely resembles:

debt slavery

Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were _______ higher-level job positions.

denied the opportunity to obtain

If a sociologist points out that core nations dominate the global economy, in part by creating global interest rates and international tariffs that will inevitably favor high-income nations over low-income nations, he is a:

dependency theorist

When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers:

do not feel connected to their work

Scapegoat theory shows that:

dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems

Jerome is able to use the Internet to select reliable sources for his research paper, but Charlie just copies large pieces of web pages and pastes them into his paper. Jerome has

e-readiness

Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would:

earn a pay raise for doing excellent work

The main difference between ecclesia and a denomination is:

ecclesia are state- sponsored and considered an official religion

Which is not one of the functionalism's four main purposes of government?

equally distributing resources

A ____________ perspective theorist might find it particularly noteworthy that wealthy corporations improve the quality of life in peripheral nations by providing workers with jobs, pumping money into the local economy, and improving transportation infrastructure.

functional

When all media sources report a simplified version of the environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing, with no effort to convey the hard science and complicated statistical data behind the story, ___________ is probably occurring.

gatekeeping

The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's _________.

gender

The term _______ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave.

gender role

Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who:

get rich while workers stay poor

In general, children in _____ households benefits from divorce

high- conflict

Sociologists tend to define family in terms of

how a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption

Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation _______.

in early adolescence

The history of technology began _________

in the early stages of human societies

The median age of first marriage has ____ in the last fifty years

increased for both men and women

Today in the US, the poverty rate of the elderly is _____

increasing

The "graying of the United States" is:

increasing percentage of the population over 65 years old

A cultural universal is something that...

is found in all cultures

Which of the following is a criticism of the family life cycle model?

it is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages

One flaw in modernization theory is the unwillingness to recognize _________.

its inherent ethnocentric bias

The ________ can be directly attributed to the digital divide, because differential ability to access the internet leads directly to a differential ability to use the knowledge found on the Internet.

knowledge gap

Megachurches tend to have

large arenas where services are held

Social Scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realm as...

liberation theology

In the past, Southern states discouraged African American's from voting by requiring them to take a _______ test

literacy

In most countries, elderly women _________ than elderly men

live a few years longer

Comic books, Wikipedia, MTV, and a commercial for Coca-Cola are all examples of:

media

The movie Babel featured an international cast and was filmed on location in various nations. When it screened in theaters worldwide, it introduced a number of ideas and philosophies about cross-cultural connections. This might be an example of:

media globalization

Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor.

melting pot

In the United States, most people define themselves as:

middle class

If a sociologist says that nations evolve toward more advanced technology and more complex industry as their citizens learn cultural values that celebrate hard work and success, she is using _______ theory to study the global economy.

modernization theory

In the mid-90s, the US government grew concerned that Microsoft was a _______ exercising disproportionate control over the available choices and prices of computers

monopoly

Children of divorced parents are _____ to divorce in their own marriage than children of parents who stayed married

more likely

Occupational prestige means that jobs are

not equally valued

A sect is:

often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals

A parent secretly monitoring the babysitter through the use of GPS, site blocker, and nanny cam is a good example of:

panoptic surveillance

A child who associates his line of descent with his father's side only is part of a _____ society

patrillineal

What factor makes caste systems closed?

people cannot change their social standings

Public Schools must guarantee that _____

per-student spending is equitable

Conflict theorists see sorting as a way to _________

perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status

The fact that your cell phone is using outdated technology within a year or two of purchase is an example of ____________.

planned obsolescence

If the U.S. Patent Office were to issue a patent for a new type of tomato that tastes like a jellybean, it would be issuing a _________ patent?

plant patent

What intergroup relationship is represented by the "salad bowl" metaphor?

pluralism

A woman being married to two men would be an example of

polyandry

Plessy vs Ferguson set the precedent that

racial segregation in schools was allowed

Social stratification is a system that:

ranks society members into categories

Informal education ______

refers to the learning of cultural norms

Mike, a college student, rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like dried beans and ramen noodles. Since he does not have a regular job, he does not own a car. Mike is living in:

relative poverty

The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification:

serves a purpose in society

Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are...

shared by Christianity and Islam

Couples who cohabitate before marriage are ____ couples who did not cohabitate before marriage to be married at least ten years

slightly less likely than

The use of Facebook to create an online persona by only posting images that match your ideal self exemplifies the_____________ that can occur in forms of new media.

social construction of reality

Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Tammie is taking courses on managing social media....

social placement

Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called _____________

social promotion

Key predictors for student success include

socioeconomic status and family background

What term describes the separation of students based on merit?

sorting

Current divorce rates are:

steadily declining

Speedy Gonzalez is an example of:

stereotyping

Faith has a full-time job and two children. She has enough money for the basics and can pay her rent each month, but she feels that, with her education and experience, her income should be enough for her family to live much better than they do. Faith is experiencing:

subjective poverty

When Japanese scientists develop a new vaccine for swine flu and offer that technology to U.S. pharmaceutical companies, __________ has taken place.

technological diffusion

_________ tend to be more pro-technology, while _______ view technology as a symbol of the coldness of modern life.

technophiles; Luddites

One flaw in dependency theory is the unwillingness to recognize _______.

that previously low-income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations

The GNI PPP figure represents

the average annual income of a country's citizens

For individual people of a certain culture, the life course is

the typical sequence of events in their lives

When it comes to media and technology, a functionalist would focus on:

the way that various forms of media socialize users

What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common?

they recruit top teachers

A __________ is an extremely aggressive government that seeks to control all aspects of it's citizens' lives.

totalitarian dictatorship

What term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes based on test scores, grades, etc

tracking

Rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of...

transmission of moral education

A person who is biologically female but identifies with the male gender and has undergone surgery to alter her body is considered _______.

transsexual

The majority of US children live in

two-parent households

Research regarding video game violence suggests that _________.

violent video games lead to an increase in aggressive thought and behavior

A sociologist working from a symbolic interaction perspective would:

want to interview women working in factories to understand how they manage the expectations of their supervisors, make ends meet, and support their households on a day-to-day basis

As a Caucasian in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of:

white privilege