Sociology 101 Part 3 Final

In the past 15 years, there have been fewer than ____ attempts by the US customs to enforce the law against products produced from slave labor. 20 50 100 200

20

China's deliberate policy to use prisoners as slaves to boost profits for Chinese export companies continues unchecked. And Western governments remain reluctant to rock the economic boat. As long as the world's consumer markets place a higher value on cheap products than they do on human life, the misery of __________ prison slaves locked up behind walls will continue. 100,000 500,000 1 million 5 million

5 million

The bottom 80% of the world owns how much of the world's wealth? 50% 25% 10% 6%

6%

According to contemporary functionalist theorists, deviance is universal. Which of the following functions does deviance not serve? Deviance clarifies rules. Deviance prevents social chaos. Deviance promotes social change. Deviance unites a group.

Deviance prevents social chaos.

Sociologist ____ believed that deviance is rooted in societal factors such as rapid social change and lack of social integration among people. As social integration (bonding and community involvement) decreased, deviance and crime increased. Robert Merton Edwin Sutherland Walter Reckless Emile Durkheim

Emile Durkheim

____ involves the use of negative sanctions that proscribe certain behaviors and set forth the punishments for rule breakers and nonconformists. Interior social control External social control Internal social control Exterior social control

External social control

____ social control takes place through the socialization process. Individuals observe societal norms and values that prescribe how people should behave and then follow those norms and values in their everyday lives. External Interior Exterior Internal

Internal

____ includes the following beliefs: Muhammad received the Qur' an (scriptures) from God. On Judgment Day, believers who have submitted to God's will, as revealed in the Qur' an, will go to an eternal Garden of Eden. Christianity Islam Buddhism Judaism

Islam

____ is the process whereby a person is identified by others as possessing a specific characteristic or exhibiting a certain pattern of behavior (such as being deviant). Marking Tagging Categorizing Labeling

Labeling

Instead of freeing women from their problems, prostitution institutionalizes women's dependence on men and results in a form of female sexual slavery. This reflects a ____ feminist approach. liberal radical conservative Marxist (socialist)

Marxist (socialist)

The fact that drug laws enacted early in the 20th century were actively enforced in an effort to control immigrant workers, especially the Chinese, who were being exploited by the railroads and other industries, illustrates ____. Sutherland association theory Cloward and Ohlin illegitimate opportunity theory Marxist critical theory Merton strain theory

Marxist critical theory

Because of the intertwining of group consciousness and society, functionalist suggest that religion has three important functions in any society. Which of the following was not identified as a function of religion? Religion provides meaning and purpose to life. Religion promotes social cohesion and a sense of belonging. Religion provides social control and support for the government. Religion prevents anarchy.

Religion prevents anarchy.

Societies also have various mechanisms to regulate people's behavior. ____ refers to the systematic practices that social groups develop in order to encourage conformity to norms, rules, and laws and to discourage deviance. Social retaliation Social emphasis Social control Social deviance

Social control

1948 was an important year in the "global race". Which of the following is NOT true about the year 1948? World War 2 was over. The differences between the countries of the world were wider than ever. The United States was in the front of the race. The Asian "giants" were beginning to catch up with westernized countries.

The Asian "giants" were beginning to catch up with westernized countries

In the video about global statistics, consider Hans' visual a "race" of global income and health. In this global race, what made the countries in Europe advance further away from other countries, leaving behind colonized countries in Asia and Africa especially? The Industrial Revolution 1st World War 2nd World War HIV Epidemic

The Industrial Revolution

Education serves at least three latent functions. Which of the following was not identified as a latent function of education? restricting some activities. creation of a generation gap. matchmaking and production of social networks. change and innovation.

change and innovation.

Sociologist Edwin Sutherland's ____ theory states that people have a greater tendency to deviate from societal norms when they frequently interact with individuals who are more favorable toward deviance than conformity. illegitimate opportunity differential association strain status frustration

differential association

Criminologist Ronald Akers created the ____ theory, which combines differential association theory with elements of psychological learning theory, suggesting that both deviant behavior and conventional behavior are learned through the same social processes. strain illegitimate opportunity differential reinforcement social bonding

differential reinforcement

According to conflict theorists, the ____ is the transmission of cultural values and attitudes, such as conformity and obedience to authority, through implied demands found in the rules, routines, and regulations of schools. tracking system hidden curriculum latent function of education educational indoctrination

hidden curriculum

Based on the symbolic interaction theory of sociologists Charles. H. Cooley and George H. Mead, the ____ theory states that deviance is a socially constructed process in which social control agencies designate certain people as deviants, and they, in turn, come to accept the marker placed upon them and begin to act accordingly. strain labeling differential association social control

labeling

From the ____, lower-income and minority women typically have fewer opportunities not only for education and good jobs, but also for "high-end" criminal endeavors. conservative feminist approach Marxist (socialist) feminist approach radical feminist approach liberal feminist approach

liberal feminist approach

From the ____, institutions such as schools, prisons, and mental health hospitals use knowledge, norms, and values to categorize people into "deviant" subgroups such as slow learners, convicted felons, or criminally insane individuals, and then to control them through specific patterns of discipline. conflict perspective symbolic interactionist perspective functionalist perspective postmodern perspective

postmodern perspective

Some ____ emphasize that the study of deviance reveals how the powerful exert authority over the powerless by taking away their free will to think and act as they might choose. functionalists postmodern theorists symbolic interactionists conflict theorists

postmodern theorists

Education serves five major manifest functions in society. Which of the following was not identified as a manifest of function of education? socialization transmission of culture restricting some activities social control

restricting some activities

In schools, teachers and administrators are empowered to label children in various ways, including grades, written comments on deportment (classroom behavior), and placement in classes. This example would be associated with ____ theorists. symbolic interactionist postmodernist functionalist conflict

symbolic interactionist

Some social scientists believe that ____ is one of the most obvious mechanisms through which students of color and those from low-income families receive a diluted academic program, making it much more likely that they will fall even further behind their white, middle-class counterparts. ability segregation intelligence grouping age grading tracking

tracking

Based on sociologist Travis Hirschi's social bonding theory, which of the following factors was not identified? attachment to other people commitment to conformity involvement in conventional activities willingness to rebel against authority

willingness to rebel against authority