Sociology 2001 Exam 1

what did Mills argue?

people cant understand what is happening around them unless they understand the history behind it

sterotypes

predetermined ideas about a particular group of people that are passed on through small samples and not physical evidence

What is structural functionalism?

view of modern societies as consisting of interdependent parts of working together for the good of the whole

What doesn't conflict see?

when society is functioning well

What is the main difference between deductive and inductive research?

when theories are produced

what is back stage

where one prepares for the interaction

what is front stage

where the interaction actually takes place

Normative statements

where you are expressing an opinion

fallacy of individual perspective

whether we succeed or fail depends solely on our own efforts

What is the looking glass theory

A child's first step in developing a sense of self is to imagine how she appears to relevant others;In the second step, the child reacts to the feedback the parents and others give about their perceptions toward the child;in the third step, the child integrates the first two into a coherent and unique sense of self

Which of the following is an example of a stereotype?

Expecting men to do all work that requires physical strength

True of False:Both structural functionalists and conflict theorists focus on the behavior of small groups.

False

True or False:Functionalist sociologists focus on specific individuals and their roles within larger society.

False

True or false: Developing a sociological imagination can expand your ability to identify inconsistencies between individuals and the larger society.

False

Who was Harriet Martineau?

first feminist sociologist that translated comte's work to english

A sociological eye allows you to recognize ______ in the larger

patterns

what is the first core of commitment

use the social eye to observe social patterns

A researcher conducted a study about White women and their experiences at an upper-class university. The researcher then used these findings to argue that women at this university had good experiences while on campus. What did the researcher do in this study?

used generalizations to draw conclusions

Which example is reflective of the individualistic perspective?

Anyone can become economically successful if they work hard enough

who promoted positivism or social physics?

Auguste Comte

An intern working for a local newspaper is asked to prepare a story about a violent crime committed by a racial minority instead of a similar story about a white criminal. How could the intern use a sociological eye to examine this further?

By examining other patterns associated with this type of decision-making

Who created the dramaturgical theory?

Erving Goffman

Which of the following scholars laid the foundation for conflict theory?

Karl Marx

Who created conflict theory?

Karl Marx

A study found that older adults have reduced reaction time. Based on this evidence, which of the following would be a good generalization?

Older adults tend to regress physically as they age.

Prisha and Reyansh are a young married couple. Prisha notices that when they meet new people, they usually respond to her husband, Reyansh, first. Which of the following applies to Prisha's interpretation?

Sociological Eye

Which of the following terms describes modern societies as comprising of interdependent parts that work together for the common good?

Structural Functionalism

______ tend not to focus on conflict and inequality within society.

Structural Functionalists

What are latent functions?

The unintended or less recognizable consequences and can be considered beneficial, neutral or harmful

A woman sees evidence of ageism at work. Which of the following actions would be in line with the second core commitment of sociology?

The woman should report the incidences and actively discourage discrimination

True or False: A nurse notices that many patients living near a manufacturing center are experiencing breathing problems. He connects this to similar chronic illnesses and pollution problems in comparable neighborhood nationwide. In this case, the nurse is using a sociological imagination

True

True or False: A sociological perspective can enable you to interact more successfully with individuals from different cultures.

True

True or False: Sociologists can help us understand how global warming impacts society.

True

True or False: The second core commitment of sociology is to challenge existing social patterns in order to enact positive change.

True

True or False: empirical statement expresses a fact

True

True or False:A student notices that her math teacher calls on male students more than the female students. By noticing this problematic pattern, the student is using a sociological eye.

True

True or False:Marx argued that the proletarian revolution would move society from advanced capitalism and toward socialism.

True

True or False:When it comes to reviewing research, many find that what they are actually interested in understanding is causation.

True

True or False:• normative statements expresses an opinion

True

what are dysfunctions

Unintended consequences of behavioral patterns

______ occurs when the media selectively reports poorer people as being deviant in some way.

Value coercion

A researcher conducted a study of 100 women working as retail cashiers. The researchers found that most of the women would rather stay home with their children rather than work. Which of the following would be an accurate statement of generalization from this study?

Working as a cashier may not be as fulfilling as taking care of a family

Who discovered the social imagination?

Wright Mills

what is a status

a position in society that occupies an institution

social imagination

ability to connect what is happening in your world to societies patterns

Sociology recognizes that individuals are ______ society.

active shapers of

What doesnt social internationalism see?

allow us to examine the causes of social problems, how to solve them, and the rate of social change

what is a role

behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status

how do we determine the accurate and usefulness of research projects

by them being valid, reliable and generalizable

What was the end game for Marx?

communism

the education system does not naturally sort people into different positions, it is greatly influenced by income and wealth. What theory does this fall under?

conflict theory

The individualistic perspective argues that individuals ______.

determine their own lives

Scientific stage

develop a social physics to understand human behavior

what is symbolic interaction

focuses on the interactions between individuals

Who was Emile Durkheim?

founder of positivist sociology and structural functionalism

What are the 3 main theoretical perspectives

functionalist, conflict, symbolic interactionist

Sociologists need to ______ in order to recognize social patterns in society.

generalize

What is a theoretical perspective?

groups of theories that share certain common ways of "seeing" how society works.

What is theory

helps us notice and understand social patterns in society

social eye

helps you see what others cant and allows you to peer beneath the surface and discern social patterns

society influences.....

how we think, what we notices and what we believe/ how we view ourselves

Metaphysical stage

human behavior is governed by natural, biological instincts

A couple attends a formal event with another couple who they would like to become friends with. The couple makes a point to wear nice clothes and choose topics of conversation carefully. Which of the following is this couple engaging?

impression management

Applied research is important because it ______.

is designed to produce results that are useful to a real-world situation

what type of perspective is conflict theory

macro

what type of perspective is structural functionalism?

macro

how do you use the social imagination?

make the familiar strange and question habits that seem natural

When social solidarity originates from the similarity of its participants alone, this is referred to as ______ solidarity.

mechanical

what type of perspective is symbolic interaction

micro

social solidarity

moral order of society

Roger is creating a study for his Sociology 101 class. He is low on funds because he is a full-time student, so he accepts any volunteers who would like to participate as his sample base. What kind of sample does Roger have?

non-random

what is the second core of commitment

noticing patterns of injustice and taking action to change those patterns

manifest functions are

obvious and stated reasons that a social institution exists.

what types of questions are asked by symbolic interaction?

one's self, how meaning are constructed, shred and continually reconstructed

what did Comte' theory do?

outlined the rules for social interaction

A child sees a homeless person on a park bench and grimaces, as he has seen his mother do this many times. The mother sees this and smiles. According to Cooley, this type of parental feedback is important because the child is ....

responding to what he feels the feedback means

the function of sociology is to.....

reveal what is hidden

A group of actresses accuse a popular film director of sexual misconduct. Through further investigation it is determined that sexual misconduct is widespread throughout the film industry. From a sociological point of view this information is beneficial because it ______.

reveals larger trends within the movie industry

what are social insititutions

sets of statuses and roles that focus on one central aspect of society.

Theoretical perspectives _____.

share certain common ways of perceiving how society functions

Theological Stage

society is the result of the divine will ex) something bad happened because God said it should

What was Comte's theory?

sociology can be studied scientifically and logically

What is mechanical solidarity?

solidarity derived from the similarity of its members. (simple)

What is organic solidarity?

solidarity where societies operate like a living organism, with various parts, each specializing in only certain tasks but dependent on the others for survival.

Which of the following describes empirical statements?

statements that can be proven true or false

generalizations

statements used to describe a group of people or things in general terms, with the understanding that there can be exceptions

people have different jobs because they have different skills and abilities, institutions like schools help to sort people into the jobs that best use their skills. What theory does this fall under?

structural functionalism

sociology

study of how individuals both shape and are shaped by society

______ refers to how individuals attempt to control how others evaluate them.

symbolic interactionalism

In addition to using the sociological eye to observe social patterns, the second core commitment of sociology requires ______.

taking action to make a positive impact on society

what is conflict theory

tensions and conflicts arise when resources, status, and power are not distributed equitably; these conflicts then become the driving force for social change.

A woman buys a designer dress to wear to her high school reunion and talks to others about her successful career and new house. Which of the following is considered a prop that the woman is using in the front stage of the reunion?

the designer dress

Meghan was raised in a single-parent family without much income. With the help of her teachers, she became a top student and has decided to pursue a career in education to help other children struggling with poverty. This is an example of which of the following?

the duality of sociology

What is research

the systematic process of data collection for the purpose of producing knowledge

what were Comte's 3 stages?

theological, metaphysical and scientific

Deciding what questions sociologists should ask is partially determined by what?

theoretical perspective

what doesn't structural functionalism see?

times in the life of the society where rapid social change—even if it may lead to some social chaos—is the just thing to do.

why do we do research

to find out if our expectations about how the world works are accurate

Sociology developed out of which need?

to understand and address major societal changes

True or False: Stereotypes are maintained despite the available evidence and can be used to excuse discrimination.

true