Sociology Ch 4 - EXAM 2

Most students behave differently in the classroom than they do in their own room or with friends. For most students, the classroom would be considered ____

Front stage

______ Theorists emphasize that social structure is essential because it creates order and predictability in society

Functionalist

______ emphasize the role of social institutions in accomplishing essential tasks for society

Functionalists

Ferdinand Tonnies used the term ___ for a traditional society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability

Gemeinschaft

Mikayla is told repeatedly that she is not a very good athlete. Eventually, she comes to believe it, puts in little effort in gym class, and receives a poor grade. this scenario is an illustration of ____

A self fulfilling prophecy

Which of these is the best example of a secondary group?

A sociology class

Ferdinand Tӧnnies used the term __________ for a large, urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term commitment to the group and little consensus on values.

Gesellschaft

Which of these questions best describes the interests of ethnomethodologists

How do we know how to interact in a given situation

Occupation is an example of a _____ status

Achieved

Sociologist Erving Goffman's term ____ refers to the ways in which an individual shows awareness that another is present without making this person the object of particular attention

Civil Inattention

_____ theorists do not believe that social institutions work for the common good of everyone in society. They emphasize that social institutions are most likely to meet the needs of those with the greatest amount of power in a society

Conflict

People engage in civil inattention in an elecator, regardless of where the elevator is located. This illustrates that meanings shared across situations serve to regulate the form and process of interaction but not the content. Microsociologists use the term _____ to refer to this

Interaction order

Media stories that focus on the lack of education or work history among the homeless and not on structural factors such as economic recession or the lack of affordable housing fail to account for the ____ of the situation

Macro view

Durkeim used the term ______ to refer to the ssoical cohesion of preindustrial societies, in which there is a minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds

Mechanical solidarity

the concept of ______ refers to the social cohesion found in industrial societies, in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence

Organic Solidarity

the perspective developed by Erving Goffman that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation is called

Dramaturgical analysis

Erving Goffman coined the term _____ for the strategies we use to rescue our performance when we experience a potentially or actually embarrassing situation

Face-saving behavior

A _____ is a highly structured group formed for the purpose of completing certain tasks or achieving specific goals

Formal Organization

The expectations for being a college student include attending class, completing assignments, and being involved in campus activities. These expectations are an example of a ______

Role

______ occurs when the expectations associated with a role are unclear.

Role ambiguity

Charles has a final exam in the evening at a time when he is supposed to be working. That same evening Stephanie (his girlfriend) wants him to take her to a movie. To top it off, his mother calls, asking him to fly home because his father is going to have emergency surgery. Sociologists would say that Charles is very likely experiencing __________.

Role conflict

When _____ occurs, we may feel pulled in different directions. We may prioritize our roles and first complete the one we consider to be most important. or we may compartmentalize our lives and "insulate" our various roles.

Role conflict

A former business manager is between jobs and takes a job at a local retail store in order to make ends meet. In that position, she frequently talks about her previous work and her plans for the future. She doesn't want people to view her as a "clerk". Her behavior is an example of _____

Role distancing

Schools, churches, and corporations are examples of ____ groups

Secondary

Sociologists define a(n) __________ as a larger, more specialized group in which members engage in more impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time.

Secondary group

The family, religion, education, the economy, the government (politics), mass media, sports, science and medicine, and the military are all examples of _____

Social Institution

_____, or cohesion, refers to a group's ability to maintain itself in the face of obstacles. It exists when social bonds, attractions, or other forces hold members of a group in interaction over a period of time.

Social Solidarity

Some symbolic interaction theorists believe that there is little shared reality beyond that which is socially created. They refer to this as the _____, which is the process by which our perception of reality is largely shaped by the subjective meaning that we give to an experience.

Social construction of reality

A _____ is a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs

Social institution

a ____ is a socially defined position in a group of society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties, and it exists independently of the specific people occupying the position.

Status

The sociological term for any physical or social attribute or sign that devalues a person's social identity and disqualifies that person from full social acceptance is ______

Stigma

Which of these is not generally considered a component of the social structure

Values and beliefs

As a theorist, Emile Durkheim was most interest in the question: ______

What holds societies together

When Darlene takes a seat at the local diner, the server approaches the table and says, "HI, I'm Matt. I'll be taking care of you today." this is an example of _____

a social script

______ theorists maintain that in capitalistic societies, where a few people control the labor of many the social structure reflects a system of relationships of domination and subordination

conflict

​Sociologists Emile Durkheim and Ferdinand Tӧnnies both________________________.

developed typologies to explain change in the social structure of societies

Arlie Hochschild suggest that we acquire a set of _____ that shape the appropriate emotions for a given role or specific situation, including how, where, when, and with whom an emotion should be expressed

feeling rules

Regardless of a person's other characteristics, which of these is most likely to become a stigmatized master status

homeless

Which of these is not part of the sociological definition of any group?

interactions are emotion based

Maintaining eye contact during conversation is

more common for women than for men

What do most men consider to be their master status

occupation

The concept of __________ refers to the social cohesion found in industrial societies, in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence.

organic solidarity

All jobs place some burden on our feelings; however, the term emotional labor refers only to jobs that___________________________.

require personal contact with the public or promote a particular state of mind

Marital inequality, conflict over parenting responsibilities, unclear expectations, and lack of emotional support may contribute to _____ for both men and women

role strain

The sociological term for a set of social relationships that link one individual to others is

social network

Teacher, Student, professional athlete, rock musician, and homeless person are all examples of ______

statuses

Sociologist Erving Goffman noted that people consciously participate in _____, a face-saving technique in which one role player ignores the flaws in another's performance to avoid embarrassment for everyone involved

studied nonobservance