Sociology Chapter 10

In 2013, ________ of Americans eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds supported interracial marriage. 15 percent 36 percent 68 percent 96 percent

96 percent

When minority members experience microaggression, they

often respond with silence, although they experience the interaction as an insult.

In 2016, what percentage of families headed by Latina women lived in poverty? 12 percent 25 percent 41 percent 75 percen

41 percent

Which group of Americans has the highest college graduation rate?

Asian Americans

Which group of Americans has the highest median household income? White Americans Black Americans Asian Americans Latinos

Asian Americans

Between 1915 and 1923, more than a million Armenians were killed by the Ottoman Turkish government. This is an example of genocide. assimilation. segregation. pluralism.

GENOCIDE

More than 99 percent of the people in the United States are descended from Immigrants. Europeans. Africans. Native Americans.

Immigrants

When speeding charges are made, Black people fare much worse when citations are issued on the basis of the officer's visual assessment rather than by radar or laser evidence. This is an example of interpersonal racism. Institutional racism. multiculturalism. scapegoating.

Institutional racism.

Which of the following did the 1964 Civil Rights Act accomplish?

It outlawed the racial segregation of lunch counters and other public places.

In 2017, among full-time workers, which group has the lowest weekly earnings? Latina women White women Black men White men

Latina women

Which of the following U.S. minority groups is the largest? Black Americans Latino Americans Asian Americans American Indians

Latinos

Which of the following Latino groups is the largest? Mexican Americans Puerto Ricans Cuban Americans El Salvadoran Americans

Mexican Americans

________ is the model of ethnic integration that exists in Switzerland. Assimilation Melting pot Segregation Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism

According to the textbook, what can we conclude about the patterns of segregation in the United States?

Neighborhood segregation remains especially high in metropolitan areas.

Immigrants to the United States from 1820 to 1880 were mostly from Northwestern Europe. Eastern Europe. Southern Europe. Latin America

Northwestern Europe.

Steve believes that immigrants are more likely to be criminal than native-born Americans. He continues to hold this belief even though he learned in school that native-born Americans are more likely to commit crimes than immigrants are. Steve's attitude is an example of prejudice. discrimination. segregation. institutional racism

Prejudice

Of the choices listed, which is a commonwealth of the United States? Puerto Rico Mexico Cuba El Salvador

Puerto Rico

________ is a socially constructed category based on the belief in fundamental human differences associated with physical characteristics and ancestry.

Race

Prejudice based on socially significant physical distinctions is known as racism. antiracism. relativism. nativism

Racism

Which of the following statements concerning minority groups is true?

The term refers to political power and is not simply a numerical distinction.

Collective slave revolts were more common in the Caribbean than in the United States.

True

In the United States, foreign-born Chinese Americans outnumber those brought up in the United States.

True

The genetic diversity within populations that share visible physical traits is as great as the diversity among populations.

True

What is a characteristic of White privilege?

White Americans may often benefit from it without even realizing it

Who argued that, by the 1980s, the economic conditions of Black Americans had become central to their life chances? Jennifer Lee Joe Feagin William Julius Wilson Elijah Anderson

William Julius Wilson

Sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva argues that

by attempting to act as if race does not exist, White Americans perpetuate inequalities.

Although Anthony, a Black American, was more productive at work than Francisco, a Latino American, only Francisco was given a raise, because the owner believes that Latino Americans are better workers than Black Americans. Denying Anthony a raise in this way is an example of prejudice. discrimination. projection. institutional racism.

discrimination

Chul Soo is Korean and currently lives in Seoul. He wants to move to another country and never return—Canada, maybe. This is an example of immigration. emigration. assimilation. racialization.

emigration.

In 1735, Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus published a modern classification scheme for human populations. Linnaeus assumed that each subgroup

had qualities of behavior or temperament that were innate and could not be altered.

Karl is tired of trying to explain to his gardener, whose English is poor, what he wants done. "I think the guy is lazy and just pretends not to understand," Karl tells a neighbor. This is an example of interpersonal racism. institutional racism. segregation. scapegoating.

interpersonal racism.

What were the "Black Codes"?

laws limiting the rights of Black Americans in the South after the Civil War

When ethnic groups live under genuine "separate but equal" conditions, that is segregation. institutional racism. multiculturalism. assimilation

multiculturalism

Assimilation occurs when

new immigrant groups assume the attitudes and language of the dominant community.

Whether a movement of people is an example of immigration or emigration depends on whether

one is talking about the country of arrival or of departure

Mexicans in cities like Los Angeles and San Antonio end up living in segregated, high-poverty communities in which institutions, such as schools, have inferior resources and foster low expectations of their students; this situation may facilitate the categorization of Mexicans as a race. This type of categorization is known as racialization. nationalism. ethnicity. prejudice.

racialization.

What are the defining qualities of what Theodor Adorno calls the authoritarian personality?

rigid conformity and submissiveness to authority and intolerance in one's religious and sexual views

In the 1920s, many Germans blamed their country's post-World War I economic troubles on the Jews among them. This is a classic example of

scapegoating

Sociologist Jennifer Lee believes that, when a teacher has preconceptions like "Asian kids are really studious and smart," this belief can actually boost the performance of Asian students in the teacher's classes. Lee calls this phenomenon

the "model minority effect."

In American Apartheid (1993), Douglas Massey and Nancy A. Denton argue that ________ is/are responsible for the perpetuation of Black poverty and the continued polarization of Black and White people. -The history of racial segregation -impersonal market forces -the biological inferiority of Black Americans -the cultural inferiority of Black Americans

the history of racial segregation

Are Latinos White or non-White?

Some Latinos are White and some Latinos are non-White

Thinking in terms of fixed and inflexible categories, such as believing that all French people like to wear striped shirts, is best described as stereotyping. discriminating. racializing. projecting.

Stereotyping.

In understanding the racial disparity in maternal health care between Black and White women, what factor is most directly associated with the cumulative effects of institutional and everyday racial discrimination that Black women face?

Stress

Which of the following was a consequence of the U.S. policy of forcing Japanese families into "relocation centers" during World War II?

The Japanese families' assimilation into U.S. society accelerated after the war.

Black Americans account for roughly ________ of the U.S. population and ________ of chief executives. 13 percent; 3 percent 26 percent; 6 percent 13 percent; 9 percent 26 percent; 18 percent

13 percent; 3 percent

A disadvantaged group that is separated from the dominant group by their distinct physical or cultural characteristics is known as an ethnic group. a racial group. a minority group. scapegoats

A minority group.

Industrial development in the North of the United States, combined with the mechanization of agriculture in the South, produced a progressive movement of ________ northward starting at the beginning of the twentieth century. White Americans Black Americans Latino Americans Native Americans

Black

Which group of Americans has the lowest median household income? White Americans Black Americans Latino Americans Asian Americans

Black Americans

Alarming disparities in health and health care still exist among U.S. racial and ethnic groups. Which group has the highest rate of hypertension? White men and women Latino men Asian women Black men and women

Black men and women

Over the past half-century, the South has lost all gains in desegregation made since 1954—the year of the ________ decision.

Brown v. Board of Education

Unlike other Latino immigrants, these immigrants were mainly educated people from white-collar and professional backgrounds Mexicans Puerto Ricans Cubans El Salvadorians

Cubans

Who would most likely believe that strengthening the Black family is the solution to racial inequality? Daniel Patrick Moynihan Martin Luther King, Jr. William Julius Wilson Jennifer Lee

Daniel Patrick Moynihan

A White man places a rental property he owns on Craigslist to rent it out for the next year. He receives two very promising applications from individuals who both are college educated and hold well-paying jobs. He decides not to rent his house to the first applicant simply because he is Arab American and, instead, rents it to the second applicant, who is White. What is this scenario MOST an example of? racism prejudice antimiscegenation discrimination

Discrimination

Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called transference. stereotyping. discrimination. displacement.

Displacement

________ refers to a type of social identity related to ancestry (perceived or real) and cultural differences which become effective or active in certain contexts. Ethnicity Ethnocentrism Race Racism

Ethnicity

Racial microaggressions are usually motivated by a desire to preserve racial inequality.

False

The concept of institutional racism was first developed by sociologists in the 1970s.

False

Which statement is most consistent with the textbook's conclusions about race?

Perhaps the single most significant race-based explanation of Black-White inequality is the restriction or segregation of Black Americans in physical spaces known as ghettos.

For most of the period of European expansion, Europeans believed themselves to be superior to the people in the countries the Europeans colonized and conquered. This belief fits most closely with which of the following statements about racism?

Racist views, distinguishing the descendants of Europeans from those of Africans, became central to European racist attitudes.

In apartheid-era South Africa, laws forced Black citizens to live separately from White citizens and forbade sexual relations between races. This is an example of multiculturalism. assimilation. segregation. pluralism.

Segregation

Which statement is an accurate characterization of the concept of race? -The concept of race plays an important role in the reproduction of patterns of power and inequality. -The concept of race is primarily based on cultural differences between groups. -The genetic diversity between races is greater than the genetic diversity within them. -The concept is no longer important

The concept of race plays an important role in the reproduction of patterns of power and inequality.