Sociology Chapter 3

Folkways are

loosely enforced norms involving common customs, practices, or procedures.

Ethnocentric people tend to view other cultures as abnormal because

they use their own culture as a standard of judgement.

Which of the following sequences lists norms in the correct order, from the most strictly enforced to the least?

taboos, mores, folkways

Graffiti, algorithms, and digital devices are all examples of

technology

Unlike folkways, mores are closely related to

the core values of a group

Many American colleges and universities require students to take classes on non-Western cultures. Why do these requirements exist?

to demonstrate the value of multiculturalism and to reduce ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism refers to

using one's own culture as a standard by which to judge others.

Identify the means of enforcing norms that includes positive and negative versions.

Sanctions

How is culture transmitted and internalized?

We learn values and beliefs slowly and incrementally.

The slogan "What happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas" is an example of

a moral holiday.

Which of the following best represent the ranking of different types of norms from least to most powerful or morally significant?

folkways, mores, taboos

When the dominant culture persuades the rest of society, without the use of force, that its ideas are the only or best ideas, it has achieved

hegemony

Sociologists refer to the norms and values that people aspire to as _______ culture.

ideal

What does the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis propose?

language can structure our perception of reality.

Norms are enforced in everyday settings by

sanctions

Which of the following terms is used to describe a group with values and norms that oppose the dominant culture?

counterculture

The spread of material and nonmaterial culture from one group to another is known as cultural

diffusion

The values, norms, and practices of the most powerful group within a society are called

dominant culture.

Which of the following provides an arena for playing out culture wars?

media

How is a counterculture different from a subculture?

Both are distinct fro mainstream culture, but a counterculture actively opposes important aspects of the mainstream.

When American tourists visit Spain, they are often surprised that shops and businesses close in the middle of the day for the siesta. Some point out that this is not done in America and conclude erroneously that Spaniards must be lazy. Sociologically, these tourists are exhibiting

Ethnocentrism

______ is the sociological term for signs people make with their bodies.

Gestures

______ occurs when the dominant culture succeeds in imposing its values and ideas on all of society.

Hegemony

One of the functions of symbolic culture is that

It enables people to communicate

It is now possible to travel all over the world, especially if you visit major metropolitan areas, without ever having to eat anything but McDonald's food. This is an example of

cultural leveling

When cultures that were once distinct become increasingly similar, they are experiencing the phenomenon of

cultural leveling.

What is it called when someone has the ability to understand another culture in terms of that culture's own norms and values without reference to any other culture's standards?

cultural relativism

The term _____ refers to the entire way of life of a group of people.

culture

A ______ is a kind of norm so deeply ingrained in that the very thought of violating it evokes feelings of disgust or horror.

taboo

Which term describes a policy of honoring diverse racial, ethnic, national, and linguistic backgrounds?

multiculturalism

What do sociologists call the norms and values that people actually follow as opposed to the norms and values that people believe should be followed?

real culture

Countercultural groups such as those in the anti-government militia movement

reject the norms of the dominant culture.

A cultural group that exists harmoniously within a larger, dominant culture is called a

subculture