Sociology chapter 3
In Freud's psychoanalysis, the _____ causes us to seek self-gratification.
ID
Apparently, having a reasonable level of _____ depends on early, close relations with other people.
intelligence
Isolated children require _____ to develop.
language
Unintended consequences of schools, or _____ functions, help the social system.
latent
The term _____ was coined by Charles Cooley.
looking glass self
The dilemma presented to women by _____ is that a model is thrust before them that is almost impossible to replicate in real life.
mass media
The sworn virgins of Albania are treated by people in their society as
men
After several years of foster care, children in the study in Bucharest (discussed in the text) had _____ brain cells than children who stayed in the orphanage.
more
Sociological research has found that children from poor neighborhoods are _____ to get in difficulty with the law, and that parenting is _____ in the poor neighborhoods.
more likely; more difficult
Childhood really is
more than biology
When is the development of self-concept finished?
never
The term generalized other refers to
our perception of how people in general think of us
Individuals of roughly the same age who are linked by common interests make up a
peer group.
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, when children have learned the rules and follow them in order to stay out of trouble, children are in the _____ stage.
preconventional
An example of a total institution is a
prison
The first of Piaget's developmental stages is the _____ stage.
sensorimotor
_____ factors influence our life course.
social
Adolescence is a(n)
social invention
In Freud's terms, culture within us is represented by the
superego
George Herbert Mead was a(n)
symbolic interactionist
Mead stressed that we cannot think without _____, and that _____ gives us our symbols (language).
symbols; society
A fundamental shift in thinking-from the time since our birth to the time we have left to live-occurs in
the later middle years.
One of the emotions identified by Paul Ekman is
to surprise
A new life stage that seems to be evolving is the _____ years.
transitional older
_____ intrigue sociological researchers, particularly those separated at birth.
twins
In the United States, religion is important to
virtually everyone
Concerning the effects of day care, researchers have found that
we may be producing a generation of smart but mean children.
To keep their children in line, sociologist Melvin Kohn found that _____ parents tend to use physical punishment.
working class
The manifest function of formal education refers to
education's intended purpose.
The later older years
end the same for everyone who enters that stage.
Transitional adulthood covers ages
18-29
The later older years
75
The later older years begin at about age
75
The _____, as viewed by Freud, is the balancing force in our personality.
Ego
Which of the following statements about video games is true?
Females are more underrepresented in video games than on television.
Little Jo got dolls and jewelry for presents. Her brother, Joe, got action figures and toy guns. Such a division in toys and play give children _____ lessons.
Gender
_____ studied the natural process that children go through to develop their ability to reason.
Piaget
A total institution leaves an indelible mark on a person's self. The mark can be imposed quickly or in a more prolonged process. In _____, the process is brutal and prolonged.
Prison
_____ refers to learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors to match a new situation in life.
Resocialization
Psychoanalysis was developed by
Sigmund Freud
According to reports of _____ children, they walked on all fours, growled, and showed no sensitivity to cold.
feral
Learning the gender map is known as
gender socialization
Alfonzo was in sixth grade. Some of the stories that his teachers told when teaching English, history, and math included lessons in patriotism and honesty, which were part of the school's
hidden curriculum.
An attempt to remake the self by stripping away an individual's current identity and stamping a new one in its place is
a degradation ceremony.
A significant sociological point about the life course is that it
affects your behavior and orientations.
Individuals and groups that influence our orientations to life are called
agents of socialization.
In Kohlberg's theory, children in the _____ stage focus on personal needs to be satisfied and recognize no right and wrong.
amoral
When you learn to play a role before entering it, this is known as
anticipatory socialization.
Bill heard, as part of the _____ curriculum in his school, that certain races were not as good as others, and that coolness was the key to everything.
corridor
The Harlows took baby monkeys away from their mothers to live alone, frightened them, and observed that the babies clung to terrycloth fake mothers rather than wire fake mothers. The experiment intended to prove what might already have been obvious-that infants need to be
cuddled
Ages 30 to 49 in the life course are known as the _____ years.
early middle
