Sociology Chapter 5 Review
30. In most contemporary societies _______ create consistent patterns in the division of labor. a. intelligence and ability b. age, gender, race and class c. interest and enthusiasm d. religion and moral beliefs
b
60. An immigrant from Vietnam was a lawyer in his home country. In the U.S. he cannot practice law, and so he drives a cab for a living. His experience is an example of _______ . a. role conflict b. status inconsistency c. role strain d. ascribed status
b
61. A status that is earned is called an a. acquired status b. achieved status c. assumed status d. ascribed status
b
62. A medical doctor and a judge are examples of _______ . a. ascribed statuses b. achieved statuses c. assumed statuses d. acquired statuses
b
73. Sociologist Arlie Hochschild's concept of "the second shift" is discussed in the text as an example of _______ . a. a role set b. role conflict c. role strain d. taking the role of the other
b
22. Society is a network of: a. roles. b. statuses. c. social structures. d. divisions of labor.
c
52. How does post-industrialism impact members of society? a. most have more leisure time b. new kinds of jobs pay better so most make more money c. education, particularly science, takes on paramount importance d. full employment as new kinds of jobs are created
c
58. The established position that one occupies within a social structure and that carries with it a degree of prestige is called a(n) _______ . a. status b. occupation c. role d. role set
a
67. An ascribed status is one that is _______ . a. beyond the individual's control b. the responsibility of the individual c. an earned status d. a low rank
a
72. Anne is a college student and a full-time employee and a mother of two young children. Anne is likely experiencing a. role conflict. b. role strain. c. status inconsistency. d. status sets.
a
47. Postindustrial societies are characterized by a. the production of information services. b. an increase in manufacturing jobs. c. a large working class of industrial laborers. d. a strict division of labor.
a
15. Social institutions a. cannot be observed directly. b. are only found in large societies. c. do not serve any particular function in society. d. are rare in our society.
a
26. In a society marked by organic solidarity a. individuals play a great variety of different roles and unity is based on role differentiation. b. the roles people play are very similar. c. individuals share the same values and hold the same things sacred. d. there is a complete lack of collective consciousness.
a
29. Durkheim defined division of labor as: a. the relatedness of different tasks. b. the differentiation of male tasks and female tasks. c. unity within diversity. d. important secondary relationships.
a
37. Sociologists distinguish six different types of societies based on a. the complexity of their social structure and level of technology. b. locations in the world. c. their political systems-whether they are democratic or totalitarian. d. their economic system-whether capitalist or socialist.
a
45. In industrial societies, social cohesion is achieved through _______ . a. a complex division of labor b. kinship systems c. religious beliefs d. shared ethnic heritage
a
49. In postindustrial societies a. the economy is dependent on the production and distribution of services and knowledge. b. there is very little social differentiation or division of labor. c. religion and family are the most vital social institutions. d. social inequality is rare.
a
50. If my occupation involves scientific research or management of information, then the type of society I represent is _______ . a. postindustrial b. industrial c. forging d. pastoral.
a
64. Your age and race are examples of a. ascribed statuses. b. achieved statuses. c. assumed statuses. d. acquired statuses.
a
7. Sociologists who study relatively small, less-complex, and less differentiated patterns of social interaction are using _______ . a. microanalysis b. macroanalysis c. structural analysis d. organic analysis
a
75. Students are expected to spend a lot of time on their studies, but students are also increasingly expected to perform some sort of volunteer work and to socialize in their residence halls. The result is a. role strain. b. anomie. c. role conflict. d. role breakdown.
a
9. Which of these is an example of something a sociologist would consider from the microlevel analysis of social interaction? a. day to day life in a sorority house b. poverty in the U.S. c. the causes of homelessness d. rates of urban crime
a
27. The type of social solidarity that exists in the United States and other industrialized societies is _______ solidarity. a. communal b. mechanical c. organic d. integrated
c
10. Which of these would interest a sociologist who prefers macroanalysis of social interaction? a. the pattern and content of cliques in a high school b. how laws governing family leave have affected families in the U.S. c. how members of a gang feel about the crimes they commit d. the daily lives of people in a homeless shelter
b
12. Sociologists investigating social organization find that a. it is most common in industrial societies. b. it brings predictability to human behavior. c. it only applies to very large organizations. d. it is only apparent to researchers.
b
19. From the perspective of conflict theorists, social institutions a. exist to protect the rights of those with less power in society. b. provide for some members of society more than for others. c. create meaning for the people who participate in them. d. hold society together.
b
20. Sociologists use the term _______ to refer to the organized pattern of social relationships and social institutions that together comprise society. a. cultural complex b. social structure c. infrastructure d. social network
b
24. In answer to the question, "What holds society together?" Durkheim answered: a. division of labor. b. collective consciousness. c. social structure. d. social interaction.
b
28. Durkheim argued that complex societies are held together by the systematic interrelatedness of different tasks. He used the term _______ to refer to this interrelatedness. a. bureaucracy b. the division of labor c. social superstructure d. social infrastructure
b
51. Today, the United States would be described as a. an agricultural society. b. between industrial and post-industrial phases. c. moving beyond post-industrial society. d. no longer manufacturing any products for itself.
b
59. When the different statuses of a person each brings with them significantly different amounts of prestige this causes _______ . a. role strain b. status inconsistency c. role conflict d. status ambivalence
b
66. _______ are statuses that demonstrate that it is difficult to draw a firm line between ascribed and achieved statuses. a. Occupation and education b. Social class and gender c. Age and occupation d. Being a parent and being a student
b
71. When the roles in one's role set clash with one another, the result is role _______ . a. inconsistency b. conflict c. strain d. breakdown
b
8. Sociologists who study the large patterns of social interactions that are vast, complex, and highly differentiated are using _______ . a. microanalysis b. macroanalysis c. content analysis d. organic analysis
b
13. Which of the following is not a social institution? a. education b. family c. friends d. religion
c
21. According to the text, social structures a. are a part of large, but not small organization. b. only have an influence on impersonal aspects of our lives, like education and religion. c. are difficult to see for the untrained observer. d. do not have any connection to each other.
c
25. In a society where mechanical solidarity exists a. solidarity is created by individuals playing a great variety of different roles. b. unity is based on role differentiation, not similarity. c. individuals share the same values, hold the same things sacred, and frequently play the same roles. d. the performance of multiple roles is necessary for the execution of society's complex and integrated functions.
c
39. Preindustrial societies are those that a. do not raise any crops. b. only forage for food. c. work directly with the land. d. no longer manufacture; they produce information.
c
63. A status that is occupied from the moment of birth (e.g., your sex or race) is called an _______ . a. acquired status b. assumed status c. ascribed status d. achieved status
c
11. Sociologists use the term _______ to describe the order established in social groups at any level. a. social interaction b. infrastructure c. social design d. social organization
d
16. Social institutions are an important concept within sociology for all of the following reasons, except a. they shape life within any particular society. b. they meet certain needs that are necessary for society to exist. c. they exist outside of individual experience. d. they are natural extensions of society.
d
18. Which of the following is not a function of social institutions? a. the socialization of new members of the society b. providing members a sense of purpose c. replacement of society's members d. supporting members economically
d
65. Gender may be considered an achieved status as well as an ascribed status for all of the following reasons, except a. gender is socially constructed. b. people enact their gender through behaviors and appearance. c. some people transition in some way from the sex into which they were born. d. gender and sex are unique concepts.
d
68. Which of the following is likely not an example of one's master status? a. age b. race c. gender d. height
d
