Sociology Chapter 6

Applied labeling theory to the question of how deviance begins

Howard S. Becker

The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance is an example of what stigma-related concept?

In-group orientation

The year _____ saw the highest homicide rate in U.S. history, at ___ per 100,000 persons or 24,700 murders. Since then, the number has declined to ___ per 100,000 persons, or 14,196 murders in ____.

1991 , 9.8 , 4.5 , 2013

Which of the following situations is an example of deviance avowal?

A man decides to quit smoking but asks his friends and family to identify him as a smoker, not an ex-smoker, because he believes the addiction is lifelong

Offered a functionalist theory of the causes of suicide

Emile Durkheim

Applied social interactionist theory to the dynamics of stigma

Erving Goffman

Which of the following hypothetical scenarios are examples of social control in the United States?

Examples: parents often reminding their young children not to pick their nose compulsory schooling laws for high school-aged students Not Examples: eating lunch with your group of friends in the mall food court playing a team sport such as football

The term "deviant" refers to a moral, not a social, judgment.

False

What are the distinguishing features of a symbolic interactionist theory of social deviance?

Features: a recognition of the impact of assigning labels to behaviors and to people a focus on individual psychology rather than on the social dynamics of large populations Not Features: a search for the functional importance of a person's behavior in relation to the rest of the social group

A citizen group sends letters to the governor of a southern state and asks her to reconsider stopping the execution of a man on death row convicted of murdering a police officer. The governor declines, stating that the purpose of the criminal justice system is to remove this convicted murderer from society so that everyone else can be protected. What type of justification for punishment is used by the governor?

Incapacitation

Accepts society's approved goals but rejects the means to achieve those goals

Innovator

Renounces society's approved goals and means entirely and instead works toward his or her own goals using new means

Rebel

Renounces society's approved goals and means entirely and lives outside the conventional norms altogether

Retreatist

Gives up on achieving society's approved goals but accepts the means to achieve those goals

Ritualist

Developed strain theory as a functionalist account of social deviance

Robert Merton

In labeling theory, what is the difference between primary deviance and secondary deviance?

Secondary deviance is an eventual effect of primary deviance, which is the initial deviant behavior