Sociology Chapter 7

Individuals who earn less than approximately ______ per year are below the poverty level according to the federal government.

$12,000

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of these circumstances is a result of income inequality?

more income segregation in schools and public services declining opportunities for class mobility negative health outcomes

What was the result of Ronald Reagan's "trickle down" approach to economic policy?

Corporations invested in nations with cheaper workforces leading to deindustrialization.

In the United States, it tends to take an individual three generations to advance from low income to middle class.

False

The tax plan that Congress enacted in 2018 resulted in everyone paying less in taxes.

False

Which country has a caste system?

India

President Trump's economic policies are closest to which former American president's economic policies?

Ronald Reagan

______ refers to the way valuable goods and desired intangibles are distributed in society.

Social stratification

Which statement about company CEOs is the most accurate?

The addition of stock to compensation marked a big change in the disparity between CEOs' and workers' incomes.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. What is suggested by Oscar Lewis's culture of poverty thesis?

The poor could move out of poverty if they worked harder. Conditions of deprivation create cultural responses geared to survival.

Charlize sends her children to private school, enrolls them in swim lessons at the country club, and arranges playdates only with other children of high socioeconomic status. This demonstrates social class reproduction.

True

The more money you have, the better your health will be and the longer you are likely to live.

True

Which country ranks first on the Gini coefficient of income inequality?

United States

As a common person, Horatio is unable to vote. That right is reserved only for clergymen, nobility, and other members of high social groups. In which type of system does Horatio most likely live?

estate system

About three fourths of all people in the United States are middle class.

false

Automation and globalization have increased the number of middle-class jobs in the United States.

false

From 1970 to 2016, the earnings of those in lower classes increased at a much more rapid rate than the earnings of those in the top class.

false

Lower income students tend to have higher test scores than wealthy students have.

false

The European Union has a lower poverty rate than the United States. This is due, in part, to the fact that the EU has lower tax rates than the United States.

false

The concept of a meritocracy is infallible because it ensures that everyone will have access to the same resources.

false

Marx wrote that the members of the working class may not realize that they are working toward the interests of the owners and not their own, so they continue to support the system. Marx called this ______.

false consciousness

Salvatore works as a pediatrician and Zachary works in a fast-food restaurant. Salvatore earns more money than Zachary, because society deems doctors to be more important than fast-food workers. Which term best describes the society in which Salvatore and Zachary live?

meritocracy

Children from ______-income areas often go to better schools and are more likely to graduate from college than children from other communities.

high

Compared to other nations, to which stratification category does the United States belong?

high-income countries

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. What is used as a basis in determining social class?

income, education, occupation

Bartolome grew up in a poor family with limited access to social resources, but he was able to attend college and land a high-paying job. Bartolome and his children are now members of the upper class. Which type of mobility does this best exemplify?

intergenerational

Elton Harvard III went to an exclusive private school and Ivy League college, where he met his wife. Now their three children attend the same private school. This demonstrates the concept of ______.

social class reproduction

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of these was included in Weber's view of class position?

social status wealth human capital

Donar was raised by two parents who paid for his college and graduate school. He is now a successful entrepreneur in the technology field. Ali and his parents emigrated to the United States when he was in school, and they own a small grocery in an underdeveloped neighborhood. Ali works there part time. These two men have different social statuses due to their circumstances. This is called ______

social stratification

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. According to Max Weber, which traits determine a person's socioeconomic status or social standing?

status, class

Suppose a new educational technology product makes it easier to obtain a degree online and gain high-paying employment, leading to increased membership in the middle and upper classes. Which type of mobility would this best exemplify?

structural

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. What factors contribute to the increasing economic inequality in the United States?

technology, globalization, declining power of unions

Class-based systems offer the most mobility compared to other systems of stratification.

true

Carlos's parents, who didn't finish high school, worked extra jobs to be able to afford to send him to college. After he graduated, he made more money than his father did and was quickly promoted several times. Carlos experienced ______ mobility.

upward

Cristobal owns $500,000 worth of assets and has $50,000 in student loan debt. Therefore, Cristobal's ______ is $450,000.

wealth