Sociology Chapter 7 KCKCC

According to functionalists Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore, the United States is which of the following?

A society in which personal success is based on talent and individual effort.

How do ascribed and achieved statuses differ?

Ascribed status is based on systemic inequality, achieved status is not.

Which of the following is true of poverty areas?

Poverty areas can be rural, suburban, or urban.

Which of the following is a results of the transition to a postindustrial economy in the United States?

Workers with more education have become more highly valued.

Historically, caste systems have been present in which type of societies?a.diverse b.agricultural c.urban d.suburban

agricultural

Which of the following would be considered a blue-collar occupation?

auto mechanic

The United States is a ______ society.

class

Wage gains for women have particularly been driven by ______.

college-educated women

Each year the U.S. Census Bureau calculates how much income is distributed across the population of earners. All households are ranked by annual income and then categorized into which of the following?

fifths

Which of the following best represents an occupation with high prestige or status but lower income?

firefighter

Which of the following is the best sociological definition of income?

household earnings over a set period of time

According to C. Wright Wills, where does political power rest in the United States?

in the hands of an elite group

In Mills's view, the political power of the masses is ______.

less than most people understand

Which of the following is characteristic of food deserts?

lower quality stores

Which of the following is a government health insurance program that primarily serves the poor?

medicaid

Most Americans describe themselves in surveys as ______.

middle class

Which of the following is an example of an illiquid asset?

ownership in a private company

Which group is characteristic of the working class?

people who perform manual labor or low-wage jobs

______ is the ability to exercise political influence on political institutions.

political power

Which of the following is an ascribed status? a. salary b. educational level c. computer skills d. race

race

In a class society, class status is ______.

relatively fluid

A disparity in money, power, prestige, or another resource is referred to as ______.

social inequality

The systematic ranking of different groups of people in a disparate hierarchy is referred to as ______.

social stratification

Which shape do sociologists like Gilbert and Kahl believe the class stratification of modern capitalist societies most closely resembles?

teardrop

Which of the following classes is the smallest?

the capitalist class

Which of the following does the annual poverty rate capture?

the number of households whose total income over a 12-month period fell below the poverty line

Which of the following best defines social mobility?

the upward or downward status movement of individuals or groups over time

The earliest human societies had little stratification because ______.

there were few resources to divide

Income gains in the United States have been disproportionately concentrated among ______.

top earners

Workers who are not making full use of their skills or are working part time when they would like to be working full time are ______.

underemployed

The lowest members of the caste system in India were known as ______.

untouchables

Which of the following is most important for getting ahead in the system of stratification?

wealth

India has four categories in their caste system: priests, warriors, traders, and ______. a.slaves b.elites c.kings d.workmen

workmen

The term gold collar was introduced in the 1990s to categorize which of the following?

young tech professionals with high salaries and high-up positions

In a caste society, social status is the outcome of achieved characteristics. T/F:

False

In the United States, there are few barriers to upward social mobility. As long as someone works hard enough, they can achieve middle- or upper-class status. T/F:

False

Most Americans describe themselves in surveys as working class. T/F:

False

Social inequality is the systematic ranking of different groups of people in a hierarchy of inequality. T/F:

False

Today, more Americans have money invested in the stock market, which means that wealth is more evenly distributed across the population than ever before. T/F:

False

Which of the following is one of the weaknesses of the social conflict explanation of poverty?

It doesn't account for power dynamics between workers and capitalists.

Which of the following statements reflects the fluid quality of income?

It flows in the form of paychecks and flows out as bills are paid and daily expenses are met.

Which of the following is true of wealth?

It may be passed down from generation to generation.

Which of the following is true of wealth inequality in the United States?

The distribution of wealth is more unequal than the distribution of income in the United States.

Which of the following is true of the jobs created in the 1980s and 1990s?

The quality of jobs created was lower than the quality of jobs lost due to automation and outsourcing.

What does Herbert Gans suggest about those who are better off in society?

They are not motivated to fight poverty because it is functional for them.

Functionalists assert that the United States is a meritocracy. T/F:

True

Income gains in the United States are much higher for top earners. T/F:

True

India today is moving closer to a class system. T/F:

True

Liquid assets are easy to transform into cash. T/F:

True

Today, there are far fewer jobs in the mid- and higher wage industries than there were before the recession. T/F:

True