Sociology chapter 9, 16 & 18
Emile Durkheim described mechanical solidarity as:
A form of social cohesion that comes from sharing similar work, education, and religion, as might be found in simpler societies.
Which statement illustrates low status consistency?
A high-school dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year.
Which of the following best defines the term commodity?
A physical object we find, grow or make to meet our needs and those of others,
The concept hidden curriculum can be defined as:
A type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal leaning and cultural transmission.
Which of the following is not an example of underemployment?
After his gave birth to twins, Jerry quits his job to help raise them
What factors contribute to inequality within the educational system in the U.S
All of the above (racism & socioeconomic status)
Plessy v. Ferguson
Allowed racial segregation in schools and private businesses
The term xenophobia can be defined as:
An illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods.
Davis is low on cash, but really wants an electric guitar. He offers to trade his acoustic guitar, for his friend Bill's electric guitar. Davis is engaging in:
Bartering
Which of the following does NOT account for the differences in the educational system from country to country?
Geographic distribution of male and female students
Which of the following is an examples of convergence theory in action?
Germany rebuilt its economy after World War II, creating more jobs opportunities and prosperity for its citizens
Apple computers ship their computers parts to India to be made and station their tech support in India. This is an example of a:
Global assembly line
To make students more competitive in the work force and for graduate school, college professors are beginning to lower the standard for student grades (i.e. what was once considered a B, is now considered an A). This is known as:
Grade inflation
The GNI (Gross National Income) and PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) indices help social scientists to:
More accurately cross-compare different countries various standards of living
In societies where social mobility is possible which of the following is most accurate?
Most people remain at the same social location throughout their lives
Jin is a conflict theorist sociologist. Which of the following statements about Occupy Wall Street would most align with Jin's sociological perspective?
Occupy Wall Street is positive; our capitalist economy is only making social inequality grow larger
Keshawn used to work for an IT company in Baltimore, but lost his job when his company decided to use workers in New Delhi instead. This is an example of:
Outsourcing
What best describes the culture of poverty?
People are socialized from 1 generation to the next into believing they have nothing to strive for
what sociologist studied how cultural capital helps an individual navigate their culture?
Pierre Bourdieu
By 2009, America had suffered several consecutive quarters of economic decline. America was in the midst of a:
Recession
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
Set precedent for universal access to education in the U.s
Chris was born in Harlem into a working-class family; Chris recently received tenure at Harvard University. Chris's ability to change social locations in the United States is an example of what concept?
Social mobility
Which of the following is NOT part of social mobility in the United States?
Social mobility is not possible, instead one is born a particular class and will remain there no matter what they do
Which of following is NOT a manifest function of education?
Social networks
Terrence and his family own a farm in a remote region of Chile. They farm only enough to produce enough food to feed the family, pay their taxes, What are Terrence and his family engaging in?
Subsistence farming
Kara has behavioral problems as a young child. As she goes through school, she is labeled "troubled," and told she will never amount to anything. Kara, though intelligent, decides to "live down" to this expectation. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in studying Kara's experience?
Symbolic Interactionism
Jackson lives in rural Chile, and is the son of a poor farmer. The nearest school is 50 miles away, and he has no means to get there. What does the educational system in Jackson's country lack?
Universal access
Which of the following is the best example of a proletariat?
Wage Laborers
What is the Head Start Program?
a federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status
The term mercantilism can be defined as
an economic policy based on national policies of accumulating silver and gold by controlling markets with colonies and other countries through taxes and customs charges
The term sorting can be defined as
classifying students based on academic merit or potential
The system of social stratification that is fixed and permanent without any chance of getting out is known as?
Caste
What is the most modern form of stratification called?
Class
The process of exploitation that most extensively occurred between 1500 and 1900, when England, Spain, France, and other European nations attempted to exercise control over the entire world, is known as?
Colonialism
Which of the following sociological perspectives argues that the educational system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities arising from difference in class, gender, race and ethnicity?
Conflict Theory
Malik grew up in an affluent household which embraced activities such as attending the opera, visiting museums, and traveling to foreign countries at least once a year. When Mali goes to college, he finds he has much to talk about with professors, and fellow students from similar backgrounds. Malik is enjoying the benefits of:
Cultural Capital
Brown v. Board of Education
Declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional
When Karl Marx theorized that the proletariat would experience greater alienation he meant workers:
Do not feel connected to their work
Which of the following industries is not projected to experience growth within the United States within the next 10 years?
Farming, Fishing, and Forestry
Women head one-half of all poor families. This demonstrates what concept?
Feminization of poverty
John grew up in a working-class family, but as a college student he went to Yale and earned his MBA. John is now a CEO of a major corporation and spends his summers in the Hamptons. John and his father are no longer part of the same social class, as his father is still working class. What form of social mobility is demonstrated by the difference between John and his father's social class?
Intergenerational
What was the significance of NAFTA?
It allowed free trade opportunities for the United States, Canada and Mexico
Which definition best describes social stratification?
It is the system of structured social inequality and the structure of mobility in a society
Who was the first social scientist to make class a foundation of his entire theory?
Karl Marx
Which of the following NOT a method used within the United States to produce educational equality?
Mandatory tutoring
Alex's country was once communist, but now allows limited private ownership of companies, and lets market forces determine production and pricing decisions. What kinds of economy is Alex living in?
Market Socialist
Steve believes that people who work hard will rise to the top and those who don't will fall to the bottom. Steve's belief is representative of what system?
Meritocracy
Which court case set the precedent for access to education within the U.S for students with disabilities?
Mill v. Board of Education of District of Columbia
Which of the following is NOT true about the poor in America?
The elderly are more likely to be poor than any other group of Americans
Which of the following is an example of polarization?
The job market is increasing in the lowest economic levels, and is increasing in the highest economic levels
The term formal educational is defined by the text as:
The learning of academic facts and concepts
During what time period did economies begin to develop globally?
The post-industrial revolution
Which of the following best defines the term globalization?
The process of integrating governments, culture and financial markets through international trade into a single world market
What is one reason unemployment statistics are unreliable?
The statistics include only those who are currently looking for work.
Which of the following is an example of structural unemployment?
Though many companies are hiring in Washington D.C. unemployment is high in Tennessee
When Ahmed is in 5th grade, he does poorly in math and science. His teachers recommend him for lower-level classes throughout middle school in all subjects, and hes not given the chance to excel elsewhere. This process is known as:
Tracking
Which of the following is NOT latent function of education?
Transmission of culture
Which social class has no income and no connection to the job market?
Underclass
