Sociology Final
Mores
"MUST" behavior; the basic and important patterns of ideas and acts of a people as related to treatment of the dead, which calls for a strong reaction from society if violated. They are rules of behavior which are considered vital to the welfare of the group and accompanied by relatively severe sanctions if violated.
Four Major Funeral Rites
- Traditional - Adaptive - Humanistic - Primitive
more
A 'MUST' behavior is:
taboo
A behavior an individual must abstain from defines a:
humanistic
A funeral rite that in essence is devoid of all religious connotation is known as:
Primitive Funeral Rite
A rite that can be identified with a pre-literate society. Pre-literate is before the written word. Some Native American Tribes will use a combination of the traditional funeral rite and the primitive funeral rite. Because these ancient ceremonies may be very personal and secret (only to be viewed by tribal members) the funeral director may be dismissed at a certain point in the service. SIMPLE, SECRET, ANCIENT.
Funeral Rite
Also called a social function
funeral rite
An all inclusive term used to encompass all funerals and/or memorial services is a:
symbol
Anything to which socially created meaning is given is:
Examples of Rites
Baptism, Jewish Wedding, Catholic Mass
True
Funeral rites reflect both modern (present or recent times) and contemporary (of/at the same time) tendencies. Having a chapel in your funeral facility is an example of a modern characteristic of funeral service. In ancient times, funerals were conducted at the home of the deceased or in the church. A slow but steady increase in immediate disposition and cremation is a more contemporary move in America. (T/F)
Adaptive Funeral Rite
In a changing society, some families may not want to follow the traditional. The funeral rite may be altered or changed to suit the needs of the family or the trend of the times. The funeral director needs to be respectful of the family's wishes, but should guide them in the boundaries of good taste and respect for the dead. CHANGING.
a Greek god of death, Thanatos
Thanatology is derived from:
Thanatology
The branch of sociology that speaks of the role of the funeral director in society. derived from the name of the Greek God of Death — Thanatos and "ology" is the study of a subject. Thanatology, then, is the study of death.
Immediate Disposition
The disposition of the body of a deceased without any form of funeral rite at the time. Examples would be Direct Cremation and Direct Burial. IMMEDIATELY.
Universal Statements that apply to all funerals
There is always an ANNOUNCEMENT OF DEATH. There is always some CARE FOR THE DECEASED. There is always a method of DISPOSITION. There is always a CEREMONY OR RITUAL. There is always some MEMORIALIZATION.
Humanistic Funeral Rite
This is any type of funeral rite that is held devoid (without) of any religious connotation. The service might include the favorite songs of the deceased and a eulogy. There will not be any reference to religious thinking. The service may be led by a family member or a friend of the family. At a humanistic funeral rite a friend may read a favorite poem at the graveside. NOT GOD, BUT HUMANS.
Traditional Funeral Rite
This rite follows a well defined ritual or ceremony and is based on the religious beliefs or social customs of the family involved. The major religious groups all have carefully prescribed funeral rites which are called into action at the time of the burial of a member. RELIGIOUS OR SOCIAL CUSTOM.
True
To understand how a society buries its dead, the funeral director must first examine and understand the social structure of society. (T/F)
culture
What is a set of knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and rules for a behavior that are held commonly within a society?
subculture
When a culture is subdivided into a small but identifiable unit, that unit is called:
cultural universals
While all cultures in the world have differences, it is very interesting to note that there are a large number of common traits found in every culture humankind has developed. These common traits are called:
Pre-literate
a culture developed before the invention of writing; hence, leaving no written record.
Subculture
a division, or smaller identifiable unit of culture, connected to that culture by common traits, having unique traits to itself.
Non-traditional funeral rite
a funeral rite that deviates from the normal or prescribed circumstances of established custom.
Traditional funeral rite
a funeral rite that follows a prescribed ritual or ceremony that my be dictated either by religious belief or social custom.
Adaptive funeral rite
a funeral rite that is adjusted to the needs and wants of those directly involved; one which has been altered to suit the trends of the times.
Humanistic funeral rite
a funeral rite that is in essence devoid of religious connotation.
Society
a group of persons forming a single community with some interests in common.
Extended (joint) family
a household or family unit consisting of father and mother, all their children (except married daughters), their sons wives and children (except married daughters).
Single parent family
a household or family unit consisting of one adult, either male or female, and his/her children.
Blended family
a household or family unit created by one male and one female and the children from their previous marriages and may include children from the present marriage.
Modified extended family
a household or family unit created by related nuclear families and/or friendships.
Nuclear family
a household, or family unit consisting of one man and one woman married to each other and their children, if any.
Law
a must behavior not necessarily a basic or important pattern of a people (related to death) but one which is enforced by those governing; a rule of action prescribed by an authority able to enforce its will.
Indirect Learning
a process by which a person learns the norms of his or her culture by observation of others in his or her society.
Indirect Learning
a process by which a person learns the norms of his or her culture by observation of others in society. Examples of indirect learning would be when children imitate grownups by dressing up, playing teacher, etc.
Funeralization
a process involving all activities associated with final disposition
Anonymity
a situation in which a person or entity is unknown.
Class
a social grouping in which members possess roughly equivalent culturally valued attributes.
Taboos
a social prohibition of certain actions; a behavior which dictates that one "MUST ABSTAIN" from certain acts. "MUST NOT" behavior. Behavior that is banned or forbidden.
Funeral Rite
an all-inclusive term used to encompass all funerals and/or memorial services.
Social function
an event that allows those who have something in common with each other to deal with one another in regard to that which they share in common.
Ceremony (ritual)
an instrumental action dealing with death, that is also expressional and that may or may not be charged with symbolic content expressing, among other things, the attitudes of the participants and possible onlookers (passive participants) who may be regarded as co-beneficiaries. Any action performed during a rite which may or may not have symbolic meaning to the participants or observer of the action.
Ritual (ceremony)
any action performed during a rite which may or may not have symbolic meaning to the participants or observers of the action.
Immediate disposition
any disposition of human remains, which is completely devoid of any form of funeral rite at the time of disposition.
Rite
any event performed in a solemn and prescribed manner
Ethnic
any of the basic divisions or groups of humankind distinguished by customs, characteristics and languages, rather than physical characteristics of race.
Folkways
behaviors that are somewhat less compulsive than mores and do not call for strong reactions. When folkways are violated only informal sanctions such as scolding or ridicule will occur.
Folkways
behaviors which are construed as somewhat less compulsive than mores of the same society, and do not call for a strong reaction from the society if violated.
Social stratification
categorization of people by money, prestige and power; a ranking of social status (position) in groups such as upper, middle and lower class.
Rites of passage
ceremonies centering around transition in life from one status to another (ex. Baptism, marriage and the funeral).
Cultural Universals
common traits or patterns found in all cultures of humankind.
Religion
composed of entrenched behaviors which include sacred beliefs; emotional feelings about those beliefs and overt conduct (i.e. observable behavior).
Culture
consists of abstract patterns (the rules, ideas, beliefs shared by members of society) of and for living and dying, which are learned directly or indirectly.
Agrarian
dealing with agriculture, farm based. The locale of the extended (joint) family system.
Memorial Service
funeral rites with the body not present.
Industrialization
individual crafting of products is replaced by manufacture of goods utilizing mass production techniques.
Funeral Rite
involves a group of people gathered together to follow a pre-determined funeral rite to honor the life of the person who has died. Regardless of the type of service, the basic goal of honoring a life that has been lived and expressing emotion at the loss is the constant in all funeral services.
Funeral Rite
is a cultrural universal. Some type of response to death can be found in every culture and subculture. Announcement of death; care for the deceased; ceremony or ritual; disposition; and memorialization can be identified universally.
Cultural universal
like abstract patterns of and for living and dying, which are identifiable in all cultures. Common traits or patterns found in all cultures of humankind.
Contemporary
living or happening in the same period.
Society
made up of a "group of persons"
Egalitarian
male and female have equal rights, duties and governing power.
Taboos
must behavior that dictates the individual must abstain from certain acts dealing with death. A social prohibition of a certain act.
Mores
must-behavior; the basic and important patterns of ideas and acts of a people as related to treatment of the dead, which calls for a strong reaction from society if violated.
Modern
of or characteristic of the present or recent times; not ancient, often used to designate certain contemporary tendencies.
Sociologist
one who observes and comments on the "internal organization and operation of the social group; the ways of maintenance or change within the social group; and the relationship among various social groups.:"
Demographic
pertaining to demography; the science of vital statistics or of births, deaths, marriages, etc. of populations.
Suburban
pertaining to the area outside of the city, but not entirely rural. The "sub-urbs" are often distinguished by clusters of homes; gated communities; and the like - "The Brady Bunch" lived in suburban America.
Urban
pertaining to the city. Apartments; condos and townhouses mixed in among businesses and industries in a densely populated and busy area. "Seinfeld" and "Friends" lived in Urban America.
Rural
pertaining to the country or farm life; the agrarian or agricultural places of society - "The Waltons" and "Little House on the Prairie" lived in rural America. Agrarian is dealing with agriculture and is farm based. It is the locale of the extended family system.
Examples of Rituals
pouring water at a baptism, stepping on glass at a Jewish wedding, blessing the bread and wine at a Catholic mass
Laws
procedures required by those who govern, rather than the culture. A law is a must behavior not necessarily a basic or important pattern of a people, but one which is enforced by those governing; a rule of action prescribed by an authority able to enforce its will.
Funeral
rites with the body present.
Customs
social behavior as dictated by the tradition of the people.
Rules
specified methods of procedure.
Rules
specified methods of procedure. They are specific steps and regulations employed to carry out the law.
Subculture
subsets or subdivisions of culture; a division of a culture, connected to a larger culture by common traits, while having unique traits of its own.
Sociology
such fields as psychology, economics, anthropology and political science. t is one branch of the social sciences. These areas form the core of social science.
Direct Learning
the acquiring of the culture by a person through deliberate instruction by other members of that society. Direct learning comes from parents planning the transfer of knowledge in a meaningful way. Learning to count, learning the alphabet, etc.
Urbanization
the change from rural to urban in character.
Bureaucratization
the creation of a system which governs through departments and subdivisions managed by sets of officials following an inflexible routine. Characterized by specialization, hierarchy, formal rules, impersonality and a specialized administrative staff.
Cultural relativism
the emotional attitude that all cultures are equal and pertinent.
Ethnocentrism
the emotional attitude that ones own race, nation, group, or culture is superior to all others.
Patriarchal
the father rules the family; power is passed to the oldest male child.
Ethnocentrism
the feeling that one's culture, race, nation, group, is superior to all others. Examples of ethnocentrism include prejudice, racism, homophobia, sexism and ethnic stereotypes.
Enculturation (socialization)
the method by which the social values are internalized (learned).
Matriarchal
the mother rules the family; a woman holding a position analogous to that of a patriarch.
Sociology
the science of social groups; the processes that tend to maintain or change these forms of organizations and the relations between groups and individuals.
Mobility
the state or quality of being mobile; the ability to move from place to place readily, or to move from class to class, either up or down.
Sociology
the study of social groups, their modes of organization, the rocesses which tend to maintain or change these forms, and the relationships between the groups.
Neo-localism
the tendency of offspring to move away from the area in which they were born.
Urbanization
the term used to describe the change from rural to urban areas
Social mobility
the upward or downward movement of a person or family within the social classes of their society.
Symbols
things to which socially created meaning is given.
Enculturation (socialization)
this is the method by which social values are internalized. The individual learns about the accepted social values and activities important to his or her culture. This is also known as socialization.
Cohabitants
two unrelated adults of the opposite sex sharing the same living quarters.
Religion
what a culturally entrenched pattern of behavior is made up of
