Sociology Final

The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior (or, the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as: A. Figuration B. Dramaturgical analysis C. Dynamic equilibrium D. Latent functions

A. Figuration

Place the following types of societies in the correct chronological order: A. Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural B. Pastoral; Hunter-gatherer; Horticultural; Agricultural C. Pastoral; Agricultural, Hunter-gatherer; Horticultural D. Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Agricultural; Horticultural

A. Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural

Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal? A. Incest taboos B. Putting your cell phone on silent during a Broadway production C. Holding hands with your best friend D. Marrying the partner whom your parents have chosen for you

A. Incest taboos

Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous "White" party. The majority of party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of ____ A. Social control B. Formal sanction C. Ethnocentricity D. Xenocentricism

A. Social control

To what does Mills refer when he talks about "issues" A. Social structures that transcend local environments B. Occur only within the character of the individual C. Things that occur randomly and without any pattern D. Personal troubles that transcend social structures

A. Social structures that transcend local environments

The Agricultural Revolution is often referred to as "dawn of civilization" because: A. Societies began to form where rainfall was plentiful; groups were able to cultivate plants instead of living nomadic lifestyles B. Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities C. Tribes became nomadic, traveling to various locations in search of sustenance D. Animals were first domesticated as a resource for survival

B. Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities

The ____ perspective in sociological theory draws on the writing of Karl Marx A. Functionalism B. Conflict Theory C. Symbolic Interaction D. Institutionalism

B. Conflict Theory

Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? A. Symbolic Interactionism B. Functionalism C. Feminist Theory D. Conflict Theory

B. Functionalism

_____ describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern A. Institutionalization B. Habitualization C. Rationalization D. Industrialization

B. Habitualization

Which of the following is an example of *cultural relativism*? A. Ingrid becoming upset over the course language used in the Australian Outback B. Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying C. Andy marrying a woman who does not practice his religion, though his parents disprove D. Joseph protesting the Running of the Bulls while Pamplona

B. Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying

____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____ A. Comte; Antipositivism B. Karl Marx; Communism C. Durkheim; Communism D. Max Weber; Positivism

B. Karl Marx; Communism

Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's analysis is _____ A. They are both micro-level B. Macro-level; micro-level C. They are both macro-level D. Micro-level; macro-level

B. Macro-level; micro-level

A paradigm can be defined as: A. Social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of safety B. Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them C. The consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated D. The social ties that bind a group of people together such as a kinship, shared location, and religion

B. Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them

A child's first grade class is diverse: there are two students from Korea, five students from South America, two students from the United States, three students from Kuwait, a student from Mexico, two students from England, and five students from western Europe. This child's class is: A. Segregated B. Pluralistic C. Amalgamated D. Assimilated

B. Pluralistic

Alyssa is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alyssa is employing a _____ research method A. Pathos B. Quantitative C. Qualitative D. Logos

B. Quantitative

What is the difference between sex and gender? A. Sex is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine, gender is biological characterization of anatomy B. Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine C. Sex refers to sexual orientation, and gender refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females D. Sex refers to who a person is sexually attracted to, and gender refers to whom a person chooses to partner with

B. Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine

*Sociology* is defined as the: A. Quantitative analysis of social transgressions B. Systematic study of society and social interaction C. Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon D. Theoretical examination of life's origins

B. Systematic study of society and social interaction

According to the reading about Patricia Hill Collins' writing, *epistemology* is defined as: A. The study of documentary film B. The study of knowledge C. The study of the Bible D. The study of language

B. The study of knowledge

Mills writes that the "most fruitful" part of the sociological imagination is the distinction between the "personal troubles of milieu" and the "public issues of social structure." What does Mills mean when he refers to "troubles" A. These occur randomly and without any pattern B. These occur within the character of the individual, and are not necessarily bad C. These transcend local environments D. These transcend social structures

B. These occur within the character of the individual, and are not necessarily bad

Jim, who is white, drives his car over the speed limit; when a police officer stops him for speeding, he lets him off with a warning. When Tomas, who is Latino, drives his car at the same speed as Jim on the same road, the officer gives him a ticket, even though his record is clean. This is an example of: A. The social construction of race B. White privilege C. Affirmative action D. Intersectional theory

B. White privilege

Which of the following people coined the term "positivism," and is widely considered the "father of sociology" A. Emile Durkheim B. Max Weber C. Auguste Comte D. Karl Marx

C. Auguste Comte

Patricia Hill Collins writes: "Rather than viewing consciousness as a fixed entity, a more useful approach sees it as continually evolving and negotiated. A dynamic consciousness is vital to both individual and group agency." (Collins, 2000, p.285) In other words, in Collins' view people don't need to have their 'consciousness raised' to appreciate black feminism, but rather black feminism is part of an already existing national discourse. Put another way, black feminist thought is all around if we only learn to appreciate and understand it. Which of the following recent examples from US popular culture - that is, "existing national discourse" - offers the best example of black feminism as Collins describes it? A. Oprah's purchase of controlling interest in the corporation Weight Watchers B. Hilary Clinton's presidential campaign C. Beyonce's visual album "Lemonade" D. Donald Trump's presidency

C. Beyonce's visual album "Lemonade"

What approach is often used to understand what's defined as deviant within a society? A. Conflict Theory B. Positivism C. Constructivism D. Dramaturgy

C. Constructivism

According to the assigned reading, "The Body Ritual of the Nacirema," how do the Nacirema view the human body? A. Human body is a burden that we have to lug around B. Human body is beautiful and that its natural tendency is toward health C. Human body is ugly and that its natural tendency is to debility and disease D. Human body is quirky and fun to play with

C. Human body is ugly and that its natural tendency is to debility and disease

What is one difference between mores and folkways? A. Mores encourage social rebellion; folkways do not B. Mores are legally acceptable to violate; folkways are not C. Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not D. Mores are constructed based on norms; folkways are not

C. Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not

Many Americans pay for haircuts, trips to the dentist, or transportation on the metro and bus systems. These actions support the notion of capitalism, an example of _____ A. The counterculture B. A cultural universal C. Non-material culture D. Material culture

C. Non-material culture

According to the idea of social constructionism, "race" is: A. Based only on geographic regions B. No longer in existence C. Not biologically identifiable D. A product of the media

C. Not biologically identifiable

The term *discrimination* is defined in your text as: A. The theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture B. An expression of dissatisfaction with the justice system C. Prejudiced action against a group of people D. Biased thought based on flawed assumptions about a group of people

C. Prejudiced action against a group of people

If someone believes that most people's racial attitudes are based on images conveyed in popular media since many people never meet members of certain races for themselves, then their perspective is consistent with: A. Conflict theory B. Functionalism C. Symbolic interactionism D. Dramaturgy

C. Symbolic interactionism

Mills writes: "Yet people do not usually define the troubles they endure in terms of historical change and institutional contradiction. They well-being they enjoy, they do not usually impute to the big ups and downs of the societies in which they live. Welcome aware of the intricate connection between the patterns of their own lives and the course of world history, ordinary people do not usually know what this connection means for the kinds of people they are becoming and for the kinds of history-making in which they might take part." According to Mills, what is it that "ordinary people" lack? A. The quality of mind essential to know the difference between a peasant and a feudal lord, or a worker and a capitalist B. The quality of mind essential to see the similarity between a rocket launcher and a radar operator C. The quality of mind essential to grasp the interplay of individuals and society D. The quality of mind essential to grasp the difference between a written text and visual text

C. The quality of mind essential to grasp the interplay of individuals and society

Verstehen, a concept developed by Max Weber, is defined in your the text as: A. To maintain a moral conscience B. To compare and contrast social facts C. To understand in a deep way D. To require proof of interpretation

C. To understand in a deep way

Which of the following is NOT an example of self-fulfilling prophecy? A. Samantha overhears a professor predicting the economic recession will prevent entry-level graduates from finding gainful employment. Samantha goes on interviews but doesn't bother preparing, convinced it's a waste of time. Samantha appears unprofessional and is not hired B. Charlotte is an intelligent teenager, but told by her step-sisters and cousins that she's destined to a life of poverty and failure. Charlotte begins to do poorly in school, and eventually drops out C.

D. Miranda sprained her ankle a month before a marathon. Though her trainer advises her not to participate, Miranda runs the marathon and places third

C. Wright Mills writes: "When a society is industrialized, a peasant becomes a worker; a feudal lord is liquidated or becomes a businessman. When classes rise or fall, a person is employed or unemployed; when the rate of investment goes up or down, a person takes heart or goes broke. When wars happen, an insurance salesperson becomes a rocket launcher; a store clerk, a radar operator; a wife or husband lives alone; a child grows up without a parent." What point is he making with this series of examples? A. War, industrialization, and the study of social class are the keys to understanding individual lives B. Neither history or society can be thoroughly understood because it all depends on the individual C. Life is hard and so it is important to study history D. Neither the life of an individual nor the history of a society can be understood without understanding both

D. Neither the life of an individual nor the history of a society can be understood without understanding both

MTV's widely-watched TV series "The Jersey Shore" is an example of _____, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard are an example of ______ A. High culture; low culture B. High culture; popular culture C. Jersey culture; New York culture D. Popular culture; high culture

D. Popular culture; high culture

In the early 2000's, "The L Word" and "Queer as Folk" debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a ______ A. Immoral folkways B. Counterculture C. Cultural relativism D. Subculture

D. Subculture

Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which *sociological paradigm* does this story fit? A. Conflict Theory B. Functionalism C. Feminist Theory D. Symbolic Interactionism

D. Symbolic Interactionism

After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups A. Feminist Conflict Theorist B. Conflict Theorist C. Structural Functionalist D. Symbolic Interactionist

D. Symbolic Interactionist

Which of the following is an example of an *informal sanction*? A. Jasmine buying Beyoncé tickets from a scalper because the show sold out B. Brett illegally downloading the new Black Keys album because he couldn't afford to buy it C. Lilly being sent to prison because she failed to pay her taxes D. The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club

D. The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club

The term segregation is defined in your text as: A. The deliberate annihilation of a targeted, usually subordinate, group. B. The process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture C. The integration of diverse cultural concepts into a public school curriculum D. The physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions

D. The physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions

*Peer groups* are important to adolescents because: A. They rank higher in importance to adolescents' than parental influence B. They help exert dependence among adolescents C. They provide the second major socialization experience outside the realm of their families D. They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents' parents

D. They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents' parents

Parents often *socialize* their children to: A. Ignore society and create their own norms and follow them regardless of consequences B. Ignore society and live alone without much interaction with other people C. Understand and follow different norms from what they themselves follow D. Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow

D. Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow

Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on personal merit? A. Karl Marx B. Max Weber C. Herbert Spencer D. Émile Durkheim

D. Émile Durkheim

The term values is defined in your text as: A. A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society B. Scripture found within the Koran C. The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true D. Federal laws and regulations

A. A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society

The term language can be defined as: A. A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted B. The exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus C. Gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world D. Communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values

A. A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted

Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under? A. Conflict Theory B. Structural Functionalism C. Behaviorism D. Symbolic Interactionism

A. Conflict Theory

According to Collins, Black women are positioned at a theoretically interesting point. Collins argues that black women are uniquely situated in that they stand at the focal point where two exceptionally powerful and prevalent systems of oppression come together: race and gender. Being able to understand this position as something she calls: A. Intersectionality B. Phenomenology C. Epistemology D. Hermeneutics

A. Intersectionality

_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society A. Structural Functionalists B. Conflict Theorists C. Symbolic Interactionists D. Social Individualists

A. Structural Functionalists

One of the ideas that Collins is most well known for is the "matrix of domination." The matrix of domination refers to: A. The overall organization of power in society B. The connection between gender and sexuality C. The connection between race and gender D. The overall organization of pets in society

A. The overall organization of power in society

According to your text, Adolf Hitler blaming Germany's pre-war problems on the Jewish population is an example of: A. The scapegoat theory B. White privilege C. Pluralism D. The social construction of race

A. The scapegoat theory

In the United States, which race would be considered the dominant group? A. White B. Hispanic C. Asian D. Black

A. White

A *cultural universal* is: A. An object or a belonging of a group B. A pattern or trait common to all societies C. The ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a particular society D. A written document outlining appropriate behavior

B. A pattern or trait common to all societies

____ societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer A. Industrial B. Agricultural C. Hunter-gatherer D. Feudal

B. Agricultural

Which of the following is NOT one of Marx's four types of alienation? A. Alienation from the product of one's labor B. Alienation from one's religion C. Alienation from one's self D. Alienation from others

B. Alienation from one's religion

According to your text, the Supreme Court case of Loving v. Virginia (1967) is an example of: A. Assimilation B. Amalgamation C. Acculturation D. Pluralism

B. Amalgamation

Alienation is defined by your text as: A. The strength of ties that people have to their social groups, was a key factor in social life B. The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self C. The act of defying social norms in favor of group unity D. Social forces considered real which exist outside the individual

B. The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self

In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______ A. A graduation ceremony B. An exit test that must be passed C. A degradation ceremony D. An entry test that must be passed

C. A degradation ceremony

A hypothesis can be defined as: A. An attempt to explain large-scale relationships B. Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them C. A testable proposition D. A way to explain different aspects of social interactions

C. A testable proposition

Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____ A. Cultural imperialism B. Material culture C. Culture shock D. Xenocentrism

C. Culture shock

Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to ______ while examining different social worlds A. Methodically predict situational outcomes B. Manipulate test subjects into answering difficult questions C. Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms D. Reject antiquated notions of privacy and consent

C. Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms

Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States? A. Paying taxes B. Crossing streets within cross-walks C. Making eye contact while speaking D. Driving on the right side of the road

C. Making eye contact while speaking

Which of the following is an example of a *counterculture*? A. The Kardashian obession of the 2010's B. The yuppie craze of the 1980's C. The hippie movement of the 1960's D. The disco invasion of the 1970's

C. The hippie movement of the 1960's

According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact? A. A religious belief B. A law C. A custom D. All of the above are social facts

D. All of the above are social facts

In 1999, Sean Fanning, John Fanning, and Sean Parker invented Napster, a global, free-of-charge, peer-to-peer music sharing program. Prior to Napster, no such program existed. The three men created _____ A. A cultural lag B. A cultural universal C. A discovery D. An innovation

D. An innovation

Which group within the United States has been stereotyped as the "model minority"? A. Native Americans B. Mexican Americans C. African Americans D. Asian Americans

D. Asian Americans

Mark, whose parents are wealthy, has been socialized to believe that he can be whoever he wants to be. His best friend Matt, whose parents are blue-collar workers, has been socialized to believe that hard work and following instructions is all he needs to support himself. Which *sociological paradigm* does this story fit? A. Symbolic Interactionism B. Feminist Theory C. Funnctionalism D. Conflict Theory

D. Conflict Theory

Max Weber, Georg Simmel, and Karl Marx were all associated with which theoretical tradition: A. Symbolic interactionism B. Structural functionalism C. Capitalism D. Conflict Theory

D. Conflict Theory

Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip. "Let's see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they'll appreciate it. They just don't understand what they're missing." Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt's perspective is an example of _______ A. Material culture B. Behavioral normativity C. Ideal culture D. Cultural inperialism

D. Cultural imperialism

Émile Durkheim's much lauded study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was: A. It earned Émile Durkheim the title "Father of Sociology" so that other sociologists would have a role model B. It showed the psychological reasons for suicide to be a lit C. It allowed psychology and sociology to merge into one field D. It defined the differences between sociology and psychology

D. It defined the differences between sociology and psychology

Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by "following" famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's ____ function, the second is an example of the project's _____ function A. Latent; manifest B. Latent; latent C. Manifest; manifest D. Manifest; latent

D. Manifest; latent

Which of the following is an example of racial steering? A. The Trail of Tears, when the United States government forced Native Americans to permanently leave their homes and territory B. Jose's parents not allowing him to date Martha because she is of a different race C. Jenny being told she'll be bad at math because she is a girl D. Real estate agents directing white clients to look for housing in certain neighborhoods, and non-white clients to others

D. Real estate agents directing white clients to look for housing in certain neighborhoods, and non-white clients to others

Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition? A. A shift in her reading habits B. A shift in her desire to enjoy life C. A complete and permanent loss of herself D. Resocialization

D. Resocialization