Sociology final practice test

shortage of nurses

-technological advances in medicine allow more illnesses to be treated -there has been a rapid expansion in hopsital outpatient services, same day surgery, rehab, chemo therapy -increasing focus on preventing care, rather than treating disease, or accidents, means more ppl than ever receiving care -nursing schools do not have enough teachers -young women have more of a job range -nurses are unhappy

socialized medicine

a medical care system in which government owns and operates most medical facilitites and emplos most physicians

direct free system

a medical care system in which pateitns pay direclty for the services of physicans and hopsitals

health

a state of complete physical, mental and social well being

The profound long-term harm to the natural environment caused by humanity's focus on short-term material affluence is: a. environmental deficit b. limits of growth c. logic of growth d. none of the above

a. environmental deficit

Which theoretical approach would highlight the fact that, on average, African American families have less income than white families? a. race-conflict approach b. gender-conflict approach c. structural-functional approach d. symbolic-interaction approach

a. race-conflict approach

Which theoretical approach rests on the idea that society needs to regulate human sexuality? a. structural-functional approach b. symbolic-interaction approach c. social-conflict approach d. queer theory

a. structural-functional approach

Active euthanasia

allowing a dying person to enlist the services of a doctor to bring on a quick death- they fear that patients will feel pressure to end their lives to spare family members the burden of caring for them and the high costs of hospitlization

eating disorder

an intense form of dieting or other unhealthy method of weight control driven by the desire to be thing

holistic medicine

approach to health care that emphasizes prevention of illness and takes into account a persons entire physical and social environment

euthansia

assistingin the death of a person suffering from an incurable disease; aka mercy killing

___________ are rules about everyday, casual living; _____________ are rules with great moral significance. a. Mores; folkways b. Folkways; mores c. Prescriptive norms; prescriptive means d. Prescriptive means; prescriptive norms

b. Folkways; mores

Which of the following statements might be made by a sociologist using the gender-conflict approach? a. Men and women share in the joys of family life. b. In many ways, men are in positions of power over women. c. Gender functions in an important way to keep society operating. d. All of these are correct responses.

b. In many ways, men are in positions of power over women.

Race is an even stronger predictor of health. _________ women out live men of either race. a. white b. African American c. white & African-American d. none of the above

b. african american

Which of the following statements represents an emerging value in our society? a. "What was good enough for my parents is good enough for me." b. "The present is better than the past." c. "Work is important, but I want more time for leisure and personal growth." d. "It is good to be free."

c. "Work is important, but I want more time for leisure and personal growth."

If you were teaching a class about the symbolic-interaction approach to sexuality, on which of the following topics would you likely focus? a. understanding men's power over women b. raising public concern about sexual harassment c. how individuals in various settings engage in different sexual behavior and attach different meanings to sexual activity d. understanding why society must regulate with whom and when people reproduce

c. how individuals in various settings engage in different sexual behavior and attach different meanings to sexual activity

Which theoretical approach points to the ways in which sexuality is linked to social inequality? a. structural-functional approach b. symbolic-interaction approach c. social-conflict approach d. All of these responses are correct

c. social-conflict approach

theories of health and medicine; structural functional theory

considers illness to be dysfunctional bc it rudeces ppls abilitites to perfrom their roles

feminist theory

criticizes the medical establishment for scientific statement and policices that effectively alow men to dominate women

Which of the following would be a way people can live in a way that is environmentally sustainable? a. bring population growth under control b. conserve finite resources c. reduce waste d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Three campus roommates are talking about why they are in college. A sociological view of going to college highlights the effect of: a. only age, because college students tend to be young b. only class, because college students tend to come from families with above-average earners c. only our place in history, because a century ago going to college was not an option for most people d. all three - age, class, and our place in history - because those are all ways in which society guides college attendance

d. all three - age, class, and our place in history - because those are all ways in which society guides college attendance

Core values of U.S. culture a. always fit together easily b. change quickly, even from year to year c. are shared by absolutely everyone in a society d. are sometimes in conflict with one another

d. are sometimes in conflict with one another

Looking at the operation of U.S. schools, the social-conflict approach might lead in sociologists to conclude that: a. the function of schools is to teach needed skills b. the meaning of schooling varies from child to child c. schools have been a major path to social advancement d. the policy of tracking provides some students with better schooling than others

d. the policy of tracking provides some students with better schooling than others

Karl Marx, speaking for the social-conflict approach, argued that the point of studying society should be a. to understand how society really operates b. to compare U.S. society to others c. to foster support for a nation's government d. to bring about greater social justice

d. to bring about greater social justice

Standards by which people who share culture define what is desirable, good, and beautiful are called a. folkways b. norms c. mores d. values

d. values

Why is health not just a matter of biology, but also a social issue? A. cultural patterns define health b. cultural standards of health change over time c. a society's technology affects peoples health d. social inequality affects peoples health e. all of the above

e. all of the above

natural environment

earths surface and atmophere, living organisms, air, water, soil and other resource necessary to sustain life

10. Bureaucracy places more importance on personal ties than on technical competence.

false

11. Scientific management was an effort to humanize the workplace.

false

13. Max Weber believed the spread of bureaucracy would greatly improve the quality of life for modern people.

false

15. Labeling theory stresses that some actions are always wrong and others are always right

false

16. The expansion of the global economy has helped create more high-paying jobs in manufacturing in the United States.

false

17. Societal factors that contribute to homelessness include low wages and a lack of low-income housing.

false

2. A "sick role" is an unhealthy method of weight control driven by the desire to be very thin.

false

5. Childhood and other stages of the life course are defined similarly in all societies.

false

7. A college is a good example of a total institution.

false

theories of health; social conflict theory

focuses on the unequal distrubution of health and medical care

environmental deflict

focusing on short term benefits and ignorning long term consequences brought on by their way of life

structural functional approach

frame work for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promore solidarity and stability

most common HIV transmission WORLDWIDE

heterosexual relations

most common HIV transmisson in the U.S.

homosexual relations

theories of health; symbolic interaction theory

investigates the meanings of ppl attach to health illness, and medicine

Euthanasia

mercy killing, assisting in the death of a person suffering from an incurable diseasee.

dependency theory

model of economic and social development explains global inequality in terms of historical exploitation of poor nations by rich ones

modernization theory

model of economic and social development that explains global inqeuality in terms of technological and cultural differences betwen nations

health maineteance organization (HMO)

organization that provides comprehensive medical care to subscribers for a fixed free

sick role

patterns of behavior defined as appropriate for ppl who are ill

environmental racism

patterns of development epose poor ppl, minorites, to enviromental hazards

environmental racism

patterns of development that expose poor people, especially minorities, to environmental hazards

enfironmental deflict

profound long term harm to natural environment caused by humanitys focus on short term material affluence

rain forests

regions of dense forestation, most circle globe close to equator

global waming

rise in earths average temp. due to increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in atmosphere

conlict-conflict approac

sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change

symbolic interaction approach

sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals

environment

social issue because it reflects how humans being organize social life

limits to growth

societies msut curb development to prevent eventual environment collapse

social epidemiology

study of how health and disease are distrubuted through a societys population

ecology

study of interaction of living organisms and natural environment

logic growth thesis

supports economic development, claiming ppl can solve environment problems as they arise

ecosystem

system composed of interaction of all living organism and natural environment

medicine

the social institution that focuses on fighting disease and improving health

social epidemiology

the study of how health and disease are distrubuted throughout a societys population

12. The "McDonaldization" of society thesis echoes Weber's belief that rational systems are efficient, but also dehumanizing.

true

14. Emile Durkheim's analysis suggests it would be impossible for a society to completely eliminate deviance.

true

3. Societies define "health" and "illness" differently according to their living standards.

true

4. As the population grows, we consume natural resources faster.

true

6. Ageism tends to be a problem in industrialized societies.

true

8. Total institutions operate with the goal of resocializing inmates.

true

9. Because men typically have more power in daily interactions than women, they are more likely to intrude on the personal space of women.

true

The study of the interaction of living organisms and the natural environment is ecology.

true

ecologicall sustainable culture

way of life that meets needs of prsent generation without threatening environmental legacy of future generations