Sociology final vantage questions

Match the term with its brief description. traditional domination rational-legal domination charismatic domination

- Based on custom. - Rational-legal domination. - Inspiring personal qualities.

The majority of Americans who have to deal with debt collectors is from spending too much on consumer items. True False

False

The mid-20th century baby boom made innovation less important as mass production took over. True False

False

The state encourages vigilante justice because it is unable to control crime. True False

False

The three spheres of power elite operate independently. True False

False

Where does fascism fall on the political spectrum? conservative liberal far left far right

Far right

Structural functionalists argue that inequality is ______ for society. harmful functional unexpected irrelevant

Functional

Marta's child has Measles and can't go to daycare. In what ways might this illness affect the family? Marta's other children may feel neglected because she is spending more time with the sick child. Marta's husband goes to work as usual. Marta may get more insurance money to help manage the family's care. The family may pretend it doesn't exist so it will go away.

Marta's other children may feel neglected because she is spending more time with the sick child.

Which statement about the media's treatment of men and women is true? Men are often portrayed in movies as aggressive, while women are sexually objectified and subservient. Women are starting to have more powerful roles in films and television than are men. Popular films are more likely to portray men than women as sex objects. Very few pop songs degrade women, but hip hop songs are known for it.

Men are often portrayed in movies as aggressive, while women are sexually objectified and subservient.

Emma Lee was raised by parents who were alcoholics and drug users and who also sold drugs to support their habits. She was a good student, however, and after years of setbacks she managed to graduate from nursing school and gain employment as a home health nurse. This story demonstrates how society is a(n) ______ that rewards hard work and effort. democracy autocracy meritocracy theocracy

Meritocracy

States that that are governed through traditional domination are often ______, and they associate their reign with the will of the gods. oligarchies monarchies autocracies democracies

Monarchies

What was a consequence of industrialization? Formal schooling in reading, writing, and math became less important. There was a greater need for unskilled workers. It resulted in more liberal trade policies. People migrated to industrial centers.

People migrated to industrial centers.

Which country is considered an oligarchy? Northern Ireland Canada People's Republic of China South Korea

People's Republic of China

C. Wright Mills defines the power elite as encompassed by which of these groups? political elite cultural elite scholarly elite social elite

Political elite

Among households who earned less than $35,000 almost half reported that they were behind on housing payments. True False

True

Education is essential to a democratic society. True False

True

Hypotrichosis was only considered a medical problem after a drug was discovered to treat it. True False

True

Ignoring the issue of racism does not reduce racism in societies that have a racial hierarchy. True False

True

In a meritocracy, income reflects the amount a person contributes to society. True False

True

Most Americans live at least one year in poverty. True False

True

Some advocates now argue that we should apply market-based models to public education. True False

True

The Human Genome Project has shown that there are more genetic differences within racial groups than between them. True False

True

The most common solution used to assign an intersex child a sex is through surgery. True False

True

The theory of fundamental cause argues that socioeconomic status is the most important factor that explains disparities in health. True False

True

The wealth gap in the United States is more significant than the income gap. True False

True

Today, more women than men attain a college degree. True False

True

Weber described the state in terms of its use of physical force. True False

True

Symbolic interactionists assume that ______. socialization has no effect on gender we cannot create new genders for ourselves gender is hard to modify once we have learned it gender is biologically based

gender is hard to modify once we have learned it

Many sociologists who study education believe that effective educational policies ______. should have more parents volunteering in the classroom should focus on international standards more must be accountable to the community in which they exist must give ample amount of homework each night

must be accountable to the community in which they exist

The process of looking at behavioral and bodily conditions as areas for drug treatment is called ______. industrialization medicalization marketing pharmaceuticals pharmaceuticalization

pharmaceuticalization

Following the Civil War, a group called The Lost Causers promoted an idea that the Civil War was not about slavery, and ______. the Confederacy had every right to split from the United States and form its own nation it was really about the U.S. economy and who would control it the Northerners didn't really care about slavery slavery had been a positive thing for African Americans

slavery had been a positive thing for African Americans

Jennifer works full time and isn't able to spend a lot of time with her three preschool boys. They have a childcare provider that spends time every day reading to them and working on basic academic skills, as well as teaching them appropriate behavior for a school setting. Which of these outcomes are most likely for these boys? abandonment issues decreased social mobility more unstructured free time stimulated brain development

stimulated brain development

The nation of Brazil would be considered a ______. lower-income country lower-middle-income country upper-middle-income country high-income country

upper-middle-income country

Symbolic interactionists focus more on schools as institutions than on how kids are taught norms and values from others. True False

False

People who believe that immigrants from certain cultures are inferior and will ruin their culture if they are allowed to immigrate are showing a high degree of ______. external inequality ethnocentrism stereotyping internal inequality

Ethnocentrism

Which of Eduardo Bonilla-Silva's frames of the colorblind perspective on race occurs when a person agrees that everyone should have the same rights but opposes policies toward achieving this goal? abstract liberalism minimization culturalization naturalization

Abstract liberalism

Charles is a retired, 72-year-old man who has lung cancer. He chooses not to see a doctor for his condition and continues to smoke a pack of cigarettes daily. According to Talcott Parsons's theory, Charles is performing the "sick role" correctly. True False

False

Cho suffers from a degenerative muscle disease and is confined to a wheelchair. As such, she is unable to work and has very little income, so she most likely receives benefits from Medicare. True False

False

During the Colonial Era, women were very chaste and premarital sex was taboo. True False

False

Fifty percent of the brain's architecture develops by age 5. True False

False

Fordism is the practice of buying American cars so you can show how patriotic you are. True False

False

Institutional racism requires clear intent to hurt another racial group. True False

False

Life expectancy varies by gender, but not by race or ethnicity. True False

False

Poverty is the most rigid form of stratification. True False

False

According to fundamental cause theory, which person has the best chance of avoiding heart disease or diabetes? Diego, who emigrated from Mexico and lives in Chicago in a house with 12 family members, none of whom are citizens of the United States. Karl, who lives in a shelter and attends community college while working part-time in a minimum wage job. Betty, who is a middle manager in a small company and lives in a house with her husband in a suburban neighborhood. Alma, who lives in an apartment in the city and works in a factory for low wages.

Betty, who is a middle manager in a small company and lives in a house with her husband in a suburban neighborhood.

In 2021, which racial demographic had the highest unemployment rate in the United States? Hispanic Black Asian White

Black

Alberto is a medical sociologist focusing his studies on health disparities among various populations. Which of the following situations would Alberto most likely explore? Anit, a 25-year-old man, is recovering from the common cold. Charlotte, the administrator of a hospital, is overseeing the installation of new medical technology. Julia, a 45-year-old woman, is coping with a genetically caused disease. Bruce, a 12-year-old child, is susceptible to illness because he lives in a low-income neighborhood with poor food options.

Bruce, a 12-year-old child, is susceptible to illness because he lives in a low-income neighborhood with poor food options.

In Country B, economic activity is driven by profit and competition. What kind of economic system is this? capitalist socialist democratic-socialist individualist

Capitalist

Students who go to ______ have the least likely chance of graduation. community colleges four-year universities or colleges the military graduate school

Community Colleges

In which jobs are men more likely than women to be employed? computer programming teachers dental hygiene childcare

Computer programming

Charlotte was raised in Georgia. Her high school history instructor presented the Civil War as a fight for states' rights. Pamela was raised in New York. Her high school history instructor taught her that the Civil War was all about freeing people who were enslaved. Which perspective would argue that schools teach different versions of history based on the dominant ideologies of those in power, as in this example? symbolic interactionism conflict feminism functionalism

Conflict

Parul believes that racism has been a scourge on American culture as it has held Black people back from achieving the economic benefits that White people enjoy. Maurice disagreed, saying that the Black culture is what has held them back, not racism. Which of Eduardo Bonilla-Silva's frames of the colorblind perspective on race does Maurice subscribe to? naturalization minimization abstract liberalism culturalization

Culturalization

The number of teens and young adults who have had sex ______ over the past two decades. varied widely stayed the same increased decreased

Decreased

In which system do laws distribute power and rights based on social standing? estate democratic class-based caste Correct

Estate

Conflict theory offers which perspective on gender? Women often have less power because men outnumber them. Men symbolize the absence of gender while women perform what gender is. Gender is a category that is used to privilege men and oppress women. Gender socialization is a highly variable process depending upon content.

Gender is a category that is used to privilege men and oppress women.

In high school, boys and girls are expected to adhere to ______ by acting in a way that is considered appropriate for their assigned genders. sex roles gender scripts gender bias gender roles

Gender scripts

Why do Native Americans have a lower life expectancy than the U.S. population as a whole? Healthcare systems on the reservations are underfunded. Their culture encourages high-risk professions which results in premature death. They commonly live in urban areas with a lack of medical facilities. Genetic testing revealed that certain anomalies contribute to relatively shorter lifespan.

Healthcare systems on the reservations are underfunded.

When Andrew started preschool, he quickly learned what was acceptable behavior for a boy versus what was acceptable for a girl. This is known as the ______. social purpose of education functional agenda academic quandary hidden curriculum

Hidden curriculum

Which is an example of structural mobility? Members of the upper class ensure that their children maintain their status. It is possible for a person to have low status and high income or low income and high status. High medical expenses in the United States make poor people poorer. A daughter of immigrants becomes the first in her family to earn a college degree.

High medical expenses in the United States make poor people poorer.

Which of these would most likely be considered medicalized? cancer strep throat hyperactivity skin rash

Hyperactivity

What best explains the relatively high life expectancy for Hispanics, given their relatively low levels of income and education, generally? They eat healthier diets than the other groups. Immigrant Hispanics tend to be in good health when they come to the United States. Their close family ties influence their life span. They tend to get more exercise than the other groups.

Immigrant Hispanics tend to be in good health when they come to the United States.

What happens if education doesn't change to meet the needs of production? The society will slowly revert to a preindustrial mindset. Production needs change to meet the workforce's education. It creates instability and harms the economy. The working class will rise up and challenge the owners of production.

It creates instability and harms the economy.

The Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907 halted immigration of ______. Southern and Eastern Europeans Irish Japanese Africans

Japanese

What Supreme Court decision abolished state laws banning interracial marriage? Brown v. Board of Education Bailey v. Patterson Loving v. Virginia Plessy v. Ferguson

Loving v. Virginia

Members of Congress and wealthy corporate CEOs who donate to them are examples of the ______. wealth class power elite political club select bubble

Power elite

Research has made the case that the institution of education needs to prepare citizens to ______. prepare for work in a global marketplace develop better infrastructure teach the fundamentals of spelling become healthier

Prepare for work in a global marketplace

Lian is Chinese American and Aiko is Japanese. They share the same ______. culture racial label heritage ethnic group

Racial Label

President Trump's economic policies were closest to which former American president's economic policies? Harry Truman Ronald Reagan Barack Obama Bill Clinton

Ronald Reagan

Maurice was born a boy, but since an early age he has identified as a girl in his preference for dress and traditionally female activities. Maurice's ______ is male. cisgender gender sex intersex

Sex

Babs was considering quitting her job. Her boss and several of the men liked to stand around and tell off-color jokes, and they would watch when she walked by and comment on her appearance. This is legally defined as ______. normal male behavior an intimidating work environment an aggressive work atmosphere sexual harassment

Sexual harassment

What was a consequence mentioned in the text of the post-World War II GI Bill? Higher education was unable to withstand the influx of returning soldiers who wanted to use the Bill. Social class was no longer an issue in attaining access to higher education. More students failed at receiving a college education because of inadequate preparation. More people enrolled in the services strictly so they could get a college education.

Social class was no longer an issue in attaining access to higher education.

When a criminal is sentenced to death for committing a heinous crime, the state has the right to do this because of the ______ it has with its citizens to protect them in exchange for them giving up certain rights. unspoken agreement state pact legal arrangement social contract

Social contract

Company A has a parental leave rule that allows both new fathers and new mothers to take paid time off for 8 weeks. This is a ______ that provides gender equality. gender policy social policy gender exception social interaction

Social policy

Which of these programs was part of Roosevelt's New Deal in the 1930s? disability insurance social security Medicaid Medicare

Social security

Compared to other Global North nations, the United States ______. has a universal healthcare system has more doctors has fewer doctors in urban areas than rural areas spends much more on health care

Spends much more on health care.

When Frank sees someone driving badly, he assumes it is a woman driver. Frank is demonstrating ______. prejudice racism stereotypes discrimination

Stereotypes

Which statement about company CEOs is the most accurate? CEOs make, on average, 50 times what the average worker in their firm makes. The addition of stock to compensation marked a big change in the disparity between CEOs' and workers' incomes. CEOs are more focused on long-term than the short-term profits. The income of CEOs increased dramatically under Republican administrations.

The addition of stock to compensation marked a big change in the disparity between CEOs' and workers' incomes.

Etsuko is a civil engineer. She makes a salary of $69,570 in her job. Saburo started at the same time and does the same work, but he makes $80,900. This demonstrates ______. the gender wage gap the wage dilemma the glass ceiling employment stereotyping

The gender wage gap

A medical sociologist is studying how doctors and patients interact. Which of the three broad topics studied by medical sociologists best encompasses her research? the health-care system health disparities epigenetics experiences with illness

The health-care system

Life before the development of civil society was called ______, according to Thomas Hobbes. might makes right presociety the state of nature the untamed world

The state of nature

Which of these outcomes have resulted from more advanced technology and globalization in the United States? A lifestyle like their parents' costs young people less. Unions are more powerful. There is more automation. A high school education goes further.

There is more automation.

In the United Kingdom, the royal family reigns, in part, because it always has. This authority is accepted by the people. Which type of legitimate domination does this represent, according to Weber? charismatic domination traditional domination rational-legal domination structural domination

Traditional domination

Mike is a high school student who was assigned female at birth. He has always felt like a boy and prefers to dress masculine. Mike is ______. intersex bisexual cisgender transgender

Transgender

According to Durkheim, people must be allowed to do what they do best for the good of society for society to function effectively. True False

True

Among all racial and ethnic groups, Asian Americans have the highest levels of inequality in the United States. True False

True

According to recent data, how does gender influence sexual identity in college hookup culture? Hooking up is a rare experience with more men admitting to it than women. Women most commonly engage in hookup culture to increase their popularity among peers. Most men who hookup with other men are more likely to report identifying as heterosexual. Women in same-sex hookups are less likely than men in same-sex hookups to identify as gay.

Women in same-sex hookups are less likely than men in same-sex hookups to identify as gay.

Globalization has resulted in some production being moved to countries with cheaper labor. This had an impact on the United States, resulting in ______. deindustrialization modified manufacturing Fordism capitalism

deindustrialization

In Country C, the state controls public utilities and provides taxpayer-supported welfare for citizens, which reduced inequality. What is this economic system? democratic socialist individualist capitalist socialist

democratic socialist

Why are Black and Hispanic families more likely to have absent or unemployed parents? the rising rate of incarceration among all groups drug use cultural conflict among immigrant groups discrimination in the criminal justice system

discrimination in the criminal justice system

Shows like Modern Family and Transparent have resulted in people having more ______. negative feelings about the LGBT community prejudice toward the LGBT community empathy for the LGBT community misunderstandings about the LGBT community

empathy for the LGBT community