Sociology of Drug Use Final Exam
According to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), in 2019, a gram of pure cocaine costs $192; the less pure it is, the less the cost, so an average gram, mixed 50 percent with coke and 50 percent with adulterants might cost_________.
$90-100
Today, nearly_________ fatal car crashes are alcohol-related.
3 out of 10
Amphetamines taken therapeutically in capsule form of 2.5-10 milligrams tend to cause
A heightened competence in motor skills and mental activity
Authors of texts on drug use have included marijuana in which of the following categories?
All of these are correct. (hallucinogen, sedative, stimulant, and narcotic)
The death toll—the total number of people who die as a result of a cause related to the use of the substance—is greatest for which of the following?
Cigarettes
From the early 1970s to today, the number of prescriptions written for the amphetamines has
Decreased by 90%
The heroin that is derived from poppies grown in Afghanistan is shipped mainly to_________.
Europe, China, Russia, and Africa
Criminalizing drugs has
Increased their price
Evidence suggests that, currently, the majority of heroin used on the street in the United States comes into the country from_________.
Mexico
According to the text, a "Mr. Big" is one central smuggler at the pinnacle of a highly centralized illicit drug organization. This dealer controls and runs the entire trafficking operation of the global sale of
None of these answers are correct. (does not exist)
This chapter summarizes a study on the administration of marijuana to airline pilots followed by coordination tests 1, 4, 10, and 24 hours after the administration of marijuana. The study found that the deteriorating effects of the drug completely disappeared after:
None of these are correct
Which of the following countries are the largest cultivators in the world of the plant from whose leaves cocaine is extracted?
Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia
Which of the following is a substance naturally contained in magic mushrooms?
Psilocybin
Cocaine is a ___________.
Schedule II drug
The principal psychoactive chemical in marijuana is_________.
THC
Is cocaine addicting?
The answer to the question depends on what one means by the term "addicting."
In alcohol studies, the rule of equivalency states that
The effects of alcohol are determined principally by the volume of absolute alcohol that is drunk rather than the type of drink itself.
The peak popularity of cocaine—when it was used most, according to surveys—for young adults and college students was during
The late seventies to the mid-eighties
Overall, the most effective and efficient analgesics are_________.
The narcotics
in the early 1970s, which country accounted for the majority of the botanical source of the heroin used by addicts in the United States?
Turkey
Statistically speaking, on an episode-by-episode basis, the setting in which alcohol-impairment injury is most likely to take place is
a bar
For drug use to take place, the predisposition to use a given drug is
a necessary but not a sufficient condition.
The social characteristic that correlates most strongly with the use of marijuana is_________.
age
Which of the following drugs was the majority of perpetrators under the influence of when committing a criminal homicide?
alcohol
The use of certain drugs is more criminogenic than that of others, that is, it is statistically more closely related to criminal behavior. Which of the following are the big three drugs with respect to the relationship between using psychoactive substances and committing crime?
alcohol, cocaine, and narcotics
Which of the following groups of drugs that appear in overdose statistics also makes a substantial contribution to the drugs-crime nexus?
alcohol, cocaine, and narcotics
Which of the following is used by a greater number of people—heroin versus all of the other narcotics added together?
all the other narcotics added together
The evidence indicating that the human use of MDMA (Ecstasy) damages
any organ of the body is inconclusive.
Substances such as marijuana, LSD, and "club drugs" share important qualities, which means they
are likely to be used recreationally by more-or-less middle-class persons in the United States.
Why did a well-known pharmacologist refer to the abuse of cocaine and the amphetamines (including methamphetamine) as "the wild addictions"? Because, in comparison with all the other psychoactive substances, they
are the most reinforcing, generate the greatest immediate sensual appeal, and produce the most powerful psychological dependence.
Over the past three or four decades, the illicit drug market has
become extremely decentralized.
Late in the nineteenth century, Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, wrote about and abused which of the following drugs?
cocaine
Drunken comportment—behavior under the influence—is a product of
culture
After 2000, the rate of club drugs
decreased
From interviews of arrestees, sociologists have discovered that among criminals born after 1953, the percentage who said that they had used heroin has
decreased
A discussion of any cause-and-effect connection should clarify the_________ of the connection.
direction
According to Goldstein, the link between the consumption of alcohol and engaging in violent behavior is largely and substantially a result of
disinhibition caused by the pharmacological effects of alcohol.
Psychopharmacologists classify ketamine as a
dissociative anesthetic.
Which of the following has the highest concentration of "absolute" alcohol?
distilled spirits (such as gin, vodka, tequila, or Scotch)
"Punding" is a common effect of taking amphetamines chronically and abusively. What is punding?
engaging in a specific activity compulsively and repetitively
According to MTF, most high school seniors believe that the regular use of heroin is
harmful
Between 1964 and today, the per capita consumption of cigarettes in the U.S. population (age 18 and older)
has decreased
During the past two decades, the price of cocaine sold on the street in the United States
has decreased
Since the 1980s, the number of years of potential life lost (YPLL) as a result of alcohol-related highway fatalities
has decreased
In the past two or three decades, the purity of cocaine sold in the U.S.
has increased.
Of all the well-known drugs, evidence suggests, which of the following ranks dead last with respect to the percentage of the U.S. population who uses it?
heroin
On a dose-by-dose, user-by-user basis, _________ remains by far the most dangerous among the circle of the six or eight recreationally used narcotics.
heroin
Which of the following corresponds most closely to the mixed model of illicit drug manufacture and sale?
heroin
Which of the following painkillers or analgesics are not classified as narcotics?
ibuprofen
Between the 1990s, the use of club drugs
increased
Among women, as the volume of cocaine consumed increases, the likelihood of being the victim of a crime
increases
For which of the following illicit drugs is the total trafficked weight the greatest?
marijuana
On which of the following illicit drugs is the greatest total amount of money spent in the United States?
marijuana
The distribution of which of the following drugs corresponds most closely to the agricultural model of illicit drug manufacture and sale?
marijuana
Another term for "ice" is
methamphetamine.
Which of the following is not a narcotic, opiate, or opioid drug?
methedrine
According to the text, illicit drug selling is
mixed in its economic impact.
For which of the following uses do many physicians today most frequently write legitimate prescriptions for amphetamine?
narcolepsy
The relationship between alcohol consumption and being the victim of criminal, violent behavior is
positive
The relationship between alcohol consumption and criminal behavior is
positive
The relationship between the sale of alcohol in a given location and the likelihood that residents living in that location will be hospitalized for assault is
positive
The statistical correlation between the use of drug and engaging in criminal behavior is
positive
The correlation between drinking alcohol and illicit drug use is
positive—drinkers are more likely to use illicit drugs than nondrinkers.
The relationship between smoking and premature mortality is
positive—the greater a person smokes, the greater the likelihood that he or she will die prematurely.
Which of the following is not considered one of the common effects of the hallucinogenic or psychedelic drugs?
psychotic episodes
Research has demonstrated that the use of LSD commonly causes_________.
sensory overload
The high or intoxication resulting from smoking crack cocaine is
shorter and more intense than from snorting powder cocaine.
According to the thinking of contemporary economists
some crime is economically productive, while some is not, some maybe negative in its economic impact.
Stimulants
speed up signals passing through the central nervous system (CNS).
In the 1990s, several media sources reported that a new heroin epidemic had gripped the United States. Toward the end of the first decade of the 2000s, that epidemic had
subsided
A study compared controlled opiate users with narcotic addicts and found that the former differed from the latter in
the frequency of use—that is, less than once a day versus more than once a day.40Chapter 10 - Heroin and the Narcotics
Which of the following models of the drugs-crime connection enjoys complete empirical support?
the intensification model
According to the text, the countries with the highest rates of murders are those with
the most deeply entrenched and contentious drug trades.
Which of the following models most adequately explains the drugs-violence nexus?
the systemic model
The World Health Organization estimates that, worldwide, excessive or inappropriate alcohol consumption causes approximately
three million premature deaths a year, three-quarters of whom are men.
Shen Nung
was a mythological figure who was neither an actual Chinese emperor nor a writer of a pharmaceutical treatise that included marijuana as a curative herb.
