Sociology Quiz 5

All left-handed people in the United States would be classified as a(n): a) category. b) crowd. c) aggregate. d) group. e) organization.

a

As a student and fan of the University of Chicago, Charmaine views other University of Chicago students as her a) in-group. b) out-group. c) orientation group. d) academic cohort. e) team members

a

What sort of leadership style is typically expected of women in contemporary society? a) expressive leadership b) rational leadership c) family leadership d) coercive leadership e) proscriptive leadership

a

Which of the following are characterized by long-term, intimate, face-to-face relationships? a) primary groups b) in-groups c) reference groups d) secondary groups e) institutional groups

a

Proscriptions are norms about what we are supposed to do, whereas prescriptions are norms about what we are not supposed to do. T or F

F

The size of a group does not affect how it operates or what sorts of relationships are possible within it because group dynamics are the same regardless of group size. T or F

F

According to sociologists, social media sites such as Facebook and Instagram have helped people make the most of both their primary and secondary group relationships. T or F

T

McDonaldization is a term used to describe the spread of bureaucratic rationalization and its effects. T or F

T

According to sociologist Diane Vaughan, the Challenger shuttle disaster may have been caused by scientists failing to take seriously weaknesses in the shuttle's design. This exemplifies a) groupthink. b) charismatic leadership. c) internalization. d) instrumental leadership.

a

Groups we use as standards to evaluate ourselves (either positively, in terms of the positions we aspire to achieve, or negatively, in terms of the positions we wish to avoid) are called: a) secondary groups. b) reference groups. c) out-groups. d) in-groups. e) networks.

b

A student who writes a paper for an anthropology class even though he or she would rather not is exemplifying conformity due to: a) identification. b) peer pressure. c) compliance. d) internalization.

c

Emile Durkheim worried that, in an increasingly fragmented modern world, individuals would feel less and less connected to groups, which would lead to: a) increasing reliance on technology. b) the rise of hate groups. a need for new types of etiquette. d) anomie, or normlessness. e) unemployment.

d

How is a "group" different from a "crowd?" a) A group has shared goals whereas a crowd does not. b) People in a group identify with one another whereas people in a crowd do not. c) People in groups have lasting social relations whereas people in a crowd do not. d) All of these are true.

d

What is the strongest type of conformity that can occur as a result of social influence or peer pressure? a) abnegation b) identification c) coercion d) internalization e) compliance

d

Robert Putnam's research can be exemplified by the title of his book "Bowling Alone" where he cites a decline in bowling leagues. Which of the following might serve as evidence that Putnam's concerns are overblown? a) the increasing number of hours people tend to spend engaged with electronic media b) the decline of movie theaters and the subsequent rise of services like Netflix c) the increasing safety measures designed to make playgrounds less likely to cause injury d) the sharp spike in the suicide rate in Eastern Europe over the past two decades e) the growth of online support groups to help people with rare diseases share information and emotional support

e

What type of group provides most of our emotional satisfaction? a) secondary groups b) reference groups c) interest groups d) out-groups e) primary groups

e

Which of the following is an example of McDonaldization, as George Ritzer used the term? a) The McLibel support campaign, created to support members of a London environmental group being sued by McDonald's for libel over the contents of a fact sheet they distributed. b) A worker says, "Sometimes I felt just like a robot. You push a button and you go this way. You become a mechanical nut." c) A small farmer who raises organic free-range chickens says, "Sometimes it's really hard waking up before dawn and working to keep your flocks healthy, but in the end it's very rewarding, both emotionally and financially." d) An apprentice that makes guitars in a workshop says, "You would never believe the hard work, the discipline, that go into the making of a single guitar, often custom made, for a specific client. It takes hundreds of hours of hard, careful labor, every step deliberated." e) A guest at a bed-and-breakfast said, "It was marvelous, the innkeepers treated us like family. It was so comfortable and friendly, and charming and romantic."

b

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about primary groups? a) Primary groups involve intimate, face-to-face interaction. b) Primary groups are essential to an individual's well-being. c) Primary groups never try to sanction members or otherwise affect their behavior. d) Primary groups are usually small and long lasting. e) Primary groups' values become fused into one's identity.

c

Which of the following are organizational traits that help bureaucracies to function smoothly? a) specialization b) technical competence c) impersonality d) hierarchy e) rules and regulations f) all of the above are organizational traits of bureaucracies

f