Sociology Quiz 7

Because laws represent the interests of those in power, crimes committed by the upper classes are typically treated more leniently than crimes committed by the lower classes. This argument is consistent with: A. differential association theory. B. conflict theory. C. principled deviance. D. lack of deterrence. E. functionalist theory.

b

For alcoholics, deviance avowal may be a very useful step because: A. it helps them avoid the pressure of having to fit into conventional society. B. the first step to recovery from alcoholism is admitting that you have a problem. C. it allows them to take pride in their deviant behavior. D. it helps them to find other individuals with similar deviant behaviors, so they can drink together. E. it helps them avoid the shame and stigma of alcoholism.

b

A person arrived at a company party dressed in a bunny costume, only to discover that the party was not a costume party. Although he had been tricked by a coworker, from then on everyone saw him as crazy and eccentric, and eventually he came to think of himself in this way too. The initial mistake at the party is an example of: A. passing. B. stigma. C. primary deviance. D. a self-fulfilling prophecy. E. tertiary deviation.

c

According to Karl Marx, what social relations matter in a capitalist system? A. family and kin B. community bonds C. economic relations D. nationalistic bonds E. racial and ethnic loyalties

c

In Office Space, the character Peter Gibbons spends much of the movie trying to find unconventional and even illegal ways of making more money. According to Robert Merton's typology, what category does Peter fit into? A. ritualist B. rebel C. innovator D. retreatist E. none of the above

c

What school of social thought insists that all social structures, including systems of stratification, are built out of everyday interactions? A. functionalism B. Marxism C. symbolic interactionism D. Weberianism E. conflict theory

c

The idea that individuals learn to be deviant by interacting with others who are already deviant is called: A. conflict theory. B. self-fulfilling prophecy. C. secondary deviance. D. differential association theory. E. labeling theory.

d

What does Pierre Bourdieu call the tendency of social class to be passed down from one generation to the next and consequently remain relatively stable over time? A. the invisibility of poverty B. cultural capital C. ideology D. social reproduction E. caste

d

What sort of social mobility is possible in a caste system? A. Social mobility is possible across generations, but not within a generation. B. A great deal of social mobility occurs. C. A small but significant percentage of each generation will experience upward social mobility. D. There is little or no chance of social mobility. E. There is absolutely no chance of social mobility.

d

Which of the following describes how deviance can be explained from the functionalist perspective? A. Deviance breaks down social cohesion and leads to revolution. B. Deviance makes it easier for the upper class to control the poor. C. Deviance helps the upper class maintain its power and influence in society. D. Deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms. E. Functionalist theory has no explanation for deviance because it has no societal function.

d

Imagine that a powerful and influential person decided to heavily tattoo her own face with symbols and images that told parts of her life story. Would she be treated as a deviant? A. No, powerful people are often allowed to do things that others find strange. B. Yes, any culture would consider that to be a deviant act. C. Yes, but there would be no negative reaction for fear of causing offense. D. No, there are several cultures where this sort of behavior is very common. E. Yes, it would be in the United States, although there are other cultures that would consider it normal or desirable.

e

Today using the wrong fork to eat a salad at a dinner party would not usually qualify as deviance. Why not? A. American society no longer has rules and etiquette governing which utensil to use for salads. B. That sort of norm violation is seen as an intentional rebellion against convention. C. Most dinners are eaten with friends, who don't apply sanctions for deviant behavior. D. There aren't norms governing food and eating. E. It is not a serious enough norm violation to provoke sanctions

e

Why should you remain cautious when using a representation of the class system like that of Figure 7.1? A. Class status changes often. B. Most people are really middle class. C. There is a lot of hidden bias built into the way we measure class. D. The class system is totally rigid. E. Class boundaries are blurry.

e

"Wealthy," "poor," and "middle class" do not exist in and of themselves, but instead are constantly negotiated in interactions. true or false

true

In the past several decades, America has seen a widening of the gap between the income levels of the upper class and those of the middle and lower classes. true or false

true