Sociology - Real World - Ch 12: Family Issues

What was true of parenting in the nineteenth century and earlier?

Mothers often valued other mothers' opinions about child rearing over the opinions of their own children's fathers.

How do male and female life expectancies compare in the Unites States today?

Women live an average of almost 6 years longer than men.

Although all young people face similar financial pressures while in their twenties, considerably more men move back in with their parents than women. Why?

Women lose more independence when they move back home than men do.

What term applies to a child who leaves home at 18, but later returns for at least a short period of time?

boomerang kid

In the United States today, very few people marry outside of their own socioeconomic class, suggesting that there is a high degree of:

endogamy

Marriage to someone within one's social group (page 359)

endogamy

What do sociologists call the tendency to marry someone of a similar background?

endogamy

Jeni and Tim are siblings. Jeni is four years older than Tim, so even though they never attended high school together, Tim had to deal with almost every teacher saying, "So you're Jeni's little brother!" Jeni and Tim's parents were deeply shocked when they caught Jeni drinking, so they watch Tim very closely. This is evidence that:

even within the same family, children are socialized differently from their siblings.

As an agent of socialization, who does the family influence?

everyone

Marriage to someone from a different social group (page 359)

exogamy

Until recently South Korea had laws in place banning marriage between people who belonged to the same clan. This means that they practiced:

exogamy

The emotional work necessary to support family members (page 364)

expressive tasks

A large group of relatives, usually including at least three generations living either in one household or in close proximity (page 358)

extended family

A social group whose members are bound by legal, biological, or emotional ties, or a combination of all three (page 358)

family

Close relations with people we consider "like family" but who are not related to us by blood or marriage (page 362)

fictive kin

If a music critic used the term "miscegenation" metaphorically, what would they call "musical miscegenation"?

he way that white country music and black blues music came together to make rock and rol

Sometimes child welfare agencies are called to investigate a child who never seems to have clean clothing and is very skinny. The suspicion would be that the child is a victim of:

neglect

The television show Leave It to Beaver depicted a family that clearly followed the dominant model of the 1950s. There were two married parents in a household with two boys who were cared for by their mother while their father worked to support the family. What element of this model is still dominant today?

people still have children

A system of multiple-person partnership (page 359)

polyamory

A system of marriage that allows women to have multiple husbands (page 359)

polyandry

A system of marriage that allows people to have more than one spouse at a time (page 359)

polygamy

A system of marriage that allows men to have multiple wives (page 359)

polygyny

The increasing number of Americans who move out of state to attend college will decrease the importance of ____________, assuming that students start new romantic relationships in school.

propinquity

The tendency to marry or have relationships with people in close geographic proximity (page 363)

propinquity

The unpaid housework and childcare often expected of women after they return home from doing paid labor in the workforce (page 365)

second shift

What would NOT be a family as sociologists define the term?

two men who enter a business partnership in which one runs a retail outlet while the other produces products to sell in it

How does the U.S. Census Bureau define "family"?

two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption who share a household

Under what circumstances are parents more likely to have joint custody of their children after a divorce?

when they are nonwhite

Who is more likely to return home after a full day of paid labor and then have to put in a "second shift" at home taking care of domestic work?

women

Despite the fact that they've received very little attention, to whom has Hochschild's concept of the "supermom" always been applicable to?

working class mothers

Approximately what percentage of women in the United States will suffer physical violence at the hands of a romantic partner at some point in their adult lives?

33 percent

According to the 2005 study by Kathryn Edin and Maria Kefalas, which of the following is a reason that young women of low socioeconomic status have children?

A baby is a symbol of belonging, and motherhood can lead to respect from one's community.

The sociologist Judith Stacey's Brave New Families explored the ways that families adapted to meet the challenges of a postmodern society by creating new and innovative family structures that looked very different from the "traditional" family. Which of the following would you think was the full title of Stacey's book?

Brave New Families: Stories of Domestic Upheaval in Late-Twentieth-Century America

How are children of divorced parents today different from children of divorced parents in the 1970s?

Children of divorced parents today are considerably less likely to divorce than were children whose parents divorced in the 1970s.

How does the birth of children change the gendered division of labor within the household?

It makes the gendered division of labor more traditional.

Which statement is least likely to come from a perpetrator of domestic violence?

I have anger management problems

American ideology focuses on the importance of marriage and family values and assumes that the family is at the center of almost everyone's life. How does this compare to the way that people really live?

Increasingly both marriage and the family are less central to the lives of average Americans

American ideology focuses on the importance of marriage and family values and assumes that the family is at the center of almost everyone's life. How does this compare to the way that people really live?

Increasingly both marriage and the family are less central to the lives of average Americans.

What feature of the nuclear family, as opposed to the extended family, makes it uniquely qualified to serve the needs of an industrial economy?

It makes geographic mobility much easier.

In "Single Fathers Rearing Children," Geoffrey Greif points out that "more fathers are rearing children alone following separation and divorce than ever before" and that, even in the 1980s, there were more than 600,000 single fathers. However what important disclaimer do you think Greif made?

Single fathers are still only about 10 percent of all single parents.

Today many college graduates find themselves unable to afford the costs of living on their own and, at least temporarily, live with their parents again. Although there is still a certain amount of stigma directed at people who live with their parents after college, what good news about families can we take from this trend?

That so many children are willing to live with their parents again suggests they have closer relationships with parents than previous generations did.

How do most abusive relationships look at the beginning?

The abusive partner is charming, attentive, and thoughtful.

When an individual describes someone who is related to them biologically as "not really kin," what are they saying?

The relative has not exercised her rights or fulfilled her obligations as a family member.

Why are remarriage rates lower today than they were in the 1960s?

There has been an increase in cohabitation among unmarried couples.

Why do most abusive partners resort to domestic abuse?

They desire power over their victim.

Why do the authors of your textbook reject definitions of family that depend on particular types of people (like parents) and specific types of ties (like marriage)?

They want the definition to be broad enough to encompass a variety of living arrangements.

The Brady Bunch was an American sitcom that originally aired in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and was about a large family, produced when Mike Brady, an architect with three boys, married Carol Martin, who had three girls. In both cases, the children were from previous marriages. This makes the Brady family an example of:

a blended family

An individual is most likely to be murdered by:

a family member

Although the family always influences its members, it is not always a very consistent influence because: a. changes outside the family impact its members. b. inequality between siblings changes the way that each child is socialized. c. birth order changes the family experience. d. divorce and remarriage can radically alter the way a family socializes its members at different points in time.

all of these answers are correct

Although the family always influences its members, it is not always a very consistent influence because:

all possible answers are correct

Brook Farm was an experimental utopian community in Massachusetts. Founded in the nineteenth century by Unitarians and transcendentalists, the farm consisted of a group of people who lived communally and worked together for the greater good of the community. What was Brook Farm?

an intentional community

How would a sociologist define 'family'?

an interdependent social group bound by legal, biological, or emotional ties

The prohibition of interracial marriage, cohabitation, or sexual interaction (page 359)

antimiscegenation

Living together as a romantically involved, unmarried couple (page 375)

cohabitation

The physical and legal responsibility of caring for children; assigned by a court for divorced or unmarried parents (page 375)

custody

A common behavior pattern in abusive relationships; the cycle begins happily, then the relationship grows tense, and the tension explodes in abuse, followed by a period of contrition that allows the cycle to repeat (page 372)

cycle of violence

Any physical, verbal, financial, sexual, or psychological behaviors abusers use to gain and maintain power over their victims (page 369)

domestic violence

JDate is a website that helps Jewish men and women, especially those who aren't practicing Jews or who live in areas where there aren't many other Jews, form romantic relationships. What do Jewish people who use this website care about?

homogamy

JDate, a dating website for Jewish people, is sometimes used by non-Jews who are very interested in dating Jews. These non-Jews will tend to decrease:

homogamy

The tendency to choose romantic partners who are similar to us in terms of class, race, religion, education, or other social group membership (page 363)

homogamy

Proscribed sexual contact between family members; a form of child abuse when it occurs between a child and a caregiver (page 372)

incest

The practical physical tasks necessary to maintain family life (page 364)

instrumental tasks

Groups that form communal living arrangements like communes, monasteries, ashrams, and housing cooperatives are called:

intentional communities

Any of a variety of groups who form communal living arrangements outside marriage (page 378)

intentional community

What happens to marital satisfaction when children are born?

it goes down

Which of the following things is a child likely to convince a parent to do?

join a gym

Relatives or relations, usually those related by common descent (page 358)

kin

The practice of marrying (or being in a relationship with) one person at a time (page 359)

monogamy

A form of child abuse in which the caregiver fails to provide adequate nutrition, sufficient clothing or shelter, or hygienic and safe living conditions (page 372)

neglect

In Japan some are worried that the large number of families with only one child is producing a whole generation of shy, introverted men who have little interest in consumption or material success, which might threaten the whole basis for Japanese society. What sort of theoretical perspective on the family is this concern based on?

structural functionalist

What does Arlie Hochschild call mothers who accept the dual workloads of paid labor at work and unpaid labor at home without any help?

supermoms

What historical change led to a devaluation of women's work in the home?

the Industrial Revolution

Which of the following is NOT part of the cycle of domestic violence, as it typically plays out?

the abusive partner seeks help or goes to counseling

According to the symbolic interactionists Jay Gubrium and Jim Holstein, what form does the family take in contemporary society?

the family does not exist, only families

Which of the following seems to make people more likely to define a group as a family?

the presence of children

Arlie Hochschild's study of two-income families found that women were much more likely to do the majority of the unpaid labor inside the home even after a full day's work outside the home. What term is used to describe this extra labor?

the second shift

What factors are involved in forming relationships and selecting mates?

the tendency to choose mates who are similar in class, race, ethnicity, and age

Why are child and elder abuse likely to go unreported?

the victims are relatively powerless

If a music critic used the term "miscegenation" metaphorically, what would they call "musical miscegenation"?

the way that white country music and black blues music came together to make rock and roll

Why do most abusive partners resort to domestic abuse?

they desire power over their victim

What would NOT be a family as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau?

three unrelated elderly women who buy a house together and depend on one another for material and emotional support