Sociology Study Notes
Which sociological perspective is concerned with how gender is constructed and maintained in our everyday lives?
essentialism
Family friends who are referred to as "Aunt" or "Uncle" are examples of
fictive kin
In sociology, authority refers to the
legitimate right to wield power
Someone who is "unchurched" would most likely describe themselves as
spiritual but not religious
Arlie Hochschild's study of two-income families found that women were much more likely than men to do the majority of the unpaid labor inside the home, even after a full day's work outside the home. What term do sociologists use to describe this extra labor?
the second shift
The use of technologies such as crop rotation, irrigation, and mass production have led to an increase in
Agribusiness
According to Max Weber, Protestant values contributed to the rise of
Capitalism
__________ is the theoretical perspective that would lead you to consider the broader social effects of the division of labor between men and women in the household.
Conflict theory
_________ is the physical and legal responsibility for the everyday life and routines of children.
Custody
Which of the following terms is used for a person who is stripped of voting rights, either temporarily or permanently?
Disenfranchised
__________ is the central means by which modern society transmits knowledge, values, and expectations to its members.
Education
The Industrial Revolution began in England in the
1700s
A democratic government does not equally represent all citizens.
False
An individual's sex refers to the physical, behavioral, and personality characteristics considered normal, while their gender relates to membership in a distinct biological category.
False
Authoritarianism is defined as a government ruled by a king or queen.
False
Privilege is an advantage that is earned by men due to their physical strength and stamina.
False
The cultural and economic changes that result from dramatic increases in international trade and exchange are called
Globalization
Why would a company outsource or contract out labor it might otherwise employ its own staff to perform?
It is cheaper
What is the meaning of propinquity?
It is the tendency to partner with people who live close by.
By 2012, what percentage of families consisted of a married couple with a male breadwinner, a stay-at-home mom, and their children?
Less than 25 percent
Sociologists refer to the methods and tactics used to influence government policies, policy-related attitudes, and activities as
Politics
For most sociologists, what is the difference between sex and gender?
Sex is biological; gender is social
__________ are short sentences or phrases on a political subject, designed to be catchy and memorable but not necessarily to convey much information.
Sound bites
The ________ helped to bring about the Industrial Revolution.
Steam engine
The change that caused people to migrate to cities from rural areas at high rates was the
Switch to a manufacturing economy
What do schools, churches, and governments all have in common?
They are all social institutions.
What is one common reason why victims of domestic abuse stay in abusive relationships?
They do not have the resources to get away.
App-based gig work undercuts the conventional low-wage job market, which may make it harder for already vulnerable workers to get a paycheck.
True
New plows and seed spreaders were made possible because of the Industrial Revolution.
True
The Covid-19 pandemic highlighted the preexisting inequalities in service work, while also exacerbating them.
True
The Industrial Revolution helped create a strong middle class.
True
The deadliest garment-industry accident in history took place in April 2013 in Bangladesh, where an unstable building collapsed due to the vibrations of the machinery.
True
Who led campaigns to end child labor and increase workplace safety?
Unions
Which of the following is an advantage of school vouchers often cited by the vouchers' supporters?
Vouchers give parents more choices in their children's education.
Who is more likely to return home after a full day of paid labor and put in a "second shift" taking care of the home and children?
Women
Today, who do average Americans have in mind when they think of their families?
a brother or sister
A person is most likely to be murdered by
a family member
What is a sweatshop?
a workplace with poor working conditions, below-standard wages, and long hours
The second-wave feminist movement was associated with the issue of
a. women's equal access to employment and education.
Which of the following is a strategy that some middle- and upper-class women have used to balance the demands of work and home?
hiring other women to do domestic work
A same-sex couple holding hands or kissing in public may receive disapproving looks or even abusive comments from other people. This is an example of
homophobia
Sometimes child welfare agencies are called to investigate a child who never seems to have clean clothing and is very skinny. The suspicion would be that the child is a victim of
neglect
A heterosexual couple raising their children in the same household is defined as a(n) __________ family.
nuclear family
A society that separates church and state is a(n) __________ society.
secular
Someone who works primarily with information and develops or uses knowledge in the workplace is called a(n) ________ worker.
socia
In which year did the Industrial Revolution begin in England with the invention of the steam engine?
1769
13. An example of a secondary sex characteristic is
body hair
There are strategies available to help ease the burden of the second shift, but they are mainly available to
people with extended families
An example of a primary sex characteristic is
reproductive organs
Schools that blend high school and college are called
early college high schools
