Sociology Unit 1 Test

Why is it possible that the looking glass we use in self-concept may be distorted? A.It is used over and over again. B.It provides weak feedback. C.It settles in unusual ways. D.It comes from imagination.

D. It comes from imagination.

What term identifies rituals that mark the passage from one status to another? A.rites of passage B.sociological passage C.passage progression D.passage conventions

A. rites of passage

How does functionalism explain socialization? A.by stressing the ways in which groups work together to create a stable society B.by viewing socialization as a way of perpetuating the status quo C.by using a number of key concepts to explain socialization D.by reading historical studies regarding society and studying their relevance

A. by stressing the ways in which groups work together to create a stable society

Which statement about George Herbert Mead's distinction between the "me" and the "I" is accurate? A.The "I" rarely takes the "me" into account prior to acting. B.The "me" is the part of the self created through socialization. C.The "I" operates only in extreme situations of rage or excitement. D.The "me" was proposed to account for the spontaneous and unpredictable part of the self.

B. The "me" is the part of the self created through socialization.

Which best explains why it is easier to understand conflict perspective when you understand functionalism? A.They both grew from the idea that society is relatively stable. B.The assumptions behind the two are the opposite of each other. C.Neither places an emphasis on agreement regarding values. D.Competition is the primary and desirable goal of both.

B. The assumptions behind the two are the opposite of each other

Which statement about the family and socialization is accurate? A.A child learns to internalize norms, beliefs, and values from outside of the family. B.The impact of the family reaches far beyond its direct effects on a child. C.The family's social class does not shape what children think of themselves. D.Families are the second most important agents of socialization after one's friends.

B. The impact of the family reaches far beyond its direct effects on a child.

Going to college, choosing a career that pays well, and working hard are likely to ensure material comfort. What does this example best show? A.Values assure that power is not in the hands of an elite few. B.Values influence economic decisions. C.Values provide success as a reward for effort and hard work. D.Values show how parents can fail teens.

B. Values influence economic decisions.

Which accurately explains a difference between formal and informal sanctions? A.Only formal sanctions can be positive or negative. B.Only informal sanctions encourage conformity to norms. C.Informal sanctions can be applied by most members of a group. D.Formal and informal sanctions must be applied by officially designated persons.

C. Informal sanctions can be applied by most members of a group.

Which accurately reflects distinctions among laws, folkways, and mores in general? A.Most folkways tend to be of equal importance. B.Folkways are generally thought of as emerging quickly and deliberately. C.Laws are formally defined and enforced by officials. D.Taboos are related to mores and demand punishment by an individual.

C. Laws are formally defined and enforced by officials.

Why is social structure important to the study of sociology? A.Sociologists study individual actions rather than patterns. B.Sociologists must gain perspective. C.Sociologists study patterns rather than individual actions. D.Sociologists are only interested in human behavior.

C. Sociologists study patterns rather than individual actions

Which is one way families teach children gender roles considered appropriate in the general society? A.urging their children to become good readers B.discouraging their children from playing sports C.buying girls dolls and buying boys action figures D.showing caution in names chosen for boys

C. buying girls dolls and buying boys action figures

What is the focus of material culture? A.how we determine intangible values B.how we consider acquiring knowledge C.how we relate to physical objects D.how we discover important ideas

C. how we relate to physical objects

Which most precisely identifies the members of a child's peer group? A.individuals within the child's family unit B.individuals in the child's classes C.individuals of roughly the same age and interests as the child D.individuals within the neighborhood where the child lives

C. individuals of roughly the same age and interests as the child

What is the broad term that identifies rewards and punishments used to encourage conformity to norms? A.instinct B.economics C.sanctions D.usury

C. sanctions

What does the practice of women walking behind their husbands in some cultures exemplify? A.isolation B.instruction C.socialization D.generalization

C. socialization

Which is an example of a manifest function of a high school? A.developing close friendships B.preparing teenagers for professional sports C.teaching social studies skills D.giving parents instruction in job skills

C. teaching social studies skills

Which of the following most precisely defines the word "sociology"? A.study of human behavior B.perspective study of sociologists C.study of cultural behavior D.scientific study of social structure

D. Scientific study of social structure

What is the major criticism of sociobiology? A.The work of the researchers lacks serious effort in seeking out historical and contemporary information. B.The weak tie to evolution is raising interest from a variety of researchers. C.The interest in nonhuman animals could be deemed to pull the focus away from humans. D.The importance placed on genetics could be used as a justification to label specific races as superior or inferior.

D. The importance placed on genetics could be used as a justification to label specific races as superior or inferior

Which is part of the three-stage process explained by Cooley to produce the looking-glass self? A.We lack the ability to focus on how we appear to other people. B.We ignore the reactions of others to our imagined appearance. C.We try not to evaluate ourselves according to how we imagine others judged us. D.We imagine the reaction of others to our imagined appearance.

D. We imagine the reaction of others to our imagined appearance.

Which social scientist never focuses on the individual? A.an anthropologist B.an economist C.a psychologist D.a sociologist

D. a sociologist

Which is the best example of the information that language can reveal about a culture? A.The English language has only a few words to describe snow. B.People's names in French sometimes have meaning in the general language. C.Students have discovered that some Spanish words are spelled with accent marks. D.Missionaries were surprised to learn that the Chinese language had no word for sin.

D.Missionaries were surprised to learn that the Chinese language had no word for sin.

What term describes the ability of individuals to see the relationship between events in their personal lives and events in their society? A.sociological population B.societal environment C.sociological imagination D.societal development

C. sociological imagination

Which social scientists are interested in how people's actions and beliefs change society and culture over time? A.geographers B.economists C.sociologists D.psychologists

C. sociologists

Which is an accurate statement regarding cultural universals? A.They are traits that exist in all cultures. B.They are carried out in the same way in all cultures. C.They traditionally include all family roles in a culture except cooking. D.They are rarely shared by most human beings in a culture.

A. They are traits that exist in all cultures.

Which is one informal aspect of culture children are taught in school? A.discipline B.play C.sports D.belief

A. discipline

The pupils of human eyes contract in bright light. What does this response exemplify? A.culture B.reflex C.drive D.stimulus

B. reflex

Which statement relates to basic values in the United States? A.the right to be given full employment B.limits to voting for a representative government C.limits on free speech D.the right to engage in private enterprise

D. the right to engage in private enterprise

Suppose that women had an instinct for mothering. Which of the following would be true? A.All women would want children. B.Only some women would want children. C.No women would love and protect their children. D.Only some women would love and protect their children.

A. All women would want children

Which best describes a total institution? A.Residents are separated from the rest of society. B.Residents' needs are outlined. C.Residents experience complete education. D.Residents' families are cared for.

A. Residents are separated from the rest of society.

Which can be an unintentional result of the U.S. prison desocialization and resocialization process? A.an increase in the criminal portion of the population B.a minimal change of behavior in the prison population C.a permanent change of behavior in the prison population D.new expectation of rewards in the prison population

A. an increase in the criminal portion of the population

What is the social conflict perspective on the foundation of culture? A.Cultural patterns are based on people's outlooks and instincts. B.Cultural patterns are based on a society's system of economic production. C.Cultural patterns are based on a society's most important values and beliefs. D.Cultural patterns are based on people's biological and evolutionary characteristics.

B. Cultural patterns are based on a society's system of economic production

Why is desocialization the first step in control and manipulation of prison inmates? A.It is the process by which basic needs are identified and isolated. B.It is the process by which recent values and concerns are outlined. C.It is the process by which old norms and behaviors are given up. D.It is the process by which new social groups decide their membership.

C. It is the process by which old norms and behaviors are given up.

Which of the statements about language and culture is accurate? A.People's perceptions do not depend on the particular language they learn. B.Language does not allow people to create culture as they communicate with one another. C.People pass their experiences, ideas, and knowledge to others through language. D.People's transmission of culture depends minimally on the use of symbols.

C. People pass their experiences, ideas, and knowledge to others through language.

Why are the stages of the life cycle referred to as "socially constructed"? A.They occur as a result of instinct and reflex. B.They were created from ideas developed at meetings. C.They have been designated and explained by people. D.They provide structure needed by individuals experiencing them.

C. They have been designated and explained by people.

Which is true regarding children in the workforce? A.Fewer than one million children younger than 15 had jobs before 1900. B.When mass production first began, children were barred from working in factories. C.Today, most industrialized nations have laws that regulate child labor. D.No laws regulate the age at which children can begin to work.

C. Today, most industrialized nations have laws that regulate child labor.

When does resocialization begin in a prison population? A.when desocialization begins B.when desocialization fails to accomplish the desired purpose C.after desocialization occurs D.after desocialization and isolation have identified specific offenders

C. after desocialization occurs

What is a drive? A.an impulse that protects you from danger B.family rules that shape your behavior C.an impulse that reduces discomfort D.an aspect of culture that forms society

C. an impulse that reduces comfort

What are the most powerful symbols in culture? A.symbols that indicate danger B.symbols that show direction C.symbols that make up language D.symbols that provide economic information

C.symbols that make up language

The Tanala people believed that the souls of their kings passed into snakes. What does this exemplify? A.knowledge B.ideal culture C.a tangible object D.a belief

D. a belief

What are two common hallmarks of adulthood? A.education and income B.real estate and transportation C.retirement and scholarship D.family and employment

D. family and employment

What is the shift in emphasis that often occurs during the later middle years? A.from the job the individual wished to have—to the job the individual has B.from how far the individual has come—to how much time may be left C.from the children the individual has cared for—to how the children might care for the individual D.from the living arrangements the individual has—to the living arrangements that might be forthcoming

B. from how far the individual has come—to how much time may be left

Which is one common example of how women in the early middle years can experience stress? A.by looking for a first job B.by being preoccupied with appraising their own lives C.by juggling the roles of parent and employee D.by applying to colleges

C. by juggling the roles of parent and employee

Which is one of the four processes associated with socialization after childhood? A.maintaining the norms of the childhood group B.maintaining the original self-concept C.finding a new reference group D.changing political beliefs

C. finding a new reference group

What is the term for the stages of development that individuals pass through between birth and death? A.rite of passage B.adolescence C.life cycle D.transition

C. life cycle

Suppose some preteens use adolescents as the group from which they acquire attitudes and norms. What is the term that identifies this new group? A.anticipatory group B.desocialized group C.reference group D.situational group

C. reference group

Which is a factor in the emergence of adolescence as a distinct stage in the life cycle? A.the rise of the apprentice system B.the inclusion of young people in the labor force C.the lack of a juvenile justice system D.the growth of a universal education system

D. the growth of a universal education system

What did the "hippy" movement of the late 1960s exemplify? A.counterculture B.subculture C.lack of culture D.ethnocentrism in culture

A. counterculture

Which of the following describes the focus of sociological perspective? A.a focus at the community level B.a focus at the group level C.a focus on the family D.a focus at the school level

B. a focus at the group level

Which provides a strong example of discovery? A.pizza being added to menus in the United States B.the occurrence of iPods and cellular phones in homes C.the growth of female participation in competitive sports D.piñatas becoming part of celebrations in the United States

C. the growth of female participation in competitive sports

Based on this lesson, what is the meaning of beliefs? A.Beliefs are ideas regarding the nature of reality. B.Beliefs are thoughts about truths of the universe. C.Beliefs are reasons people choose to act. D.Beliefs are concepts that humans are taught.

A. Beliefs are ideas regarding the nature of reality.

Which statement fails to explain the impact of ignoring cultural guidelines? A.Deviation is expected, despite high standards. B.Deviation is not welcome, but its detection is permitted. C.Ideal culture becomes meaningless when deviation occurs. D.Sanctions occur if the behavior moves forward to extreme deviance.

A. Deviation is expected, despite high standards

Suppose that some Americans staying at hotels in Japan complain of noise. What do Americans lack that causes this complaint? A.conditioning to nearby noise B.understanding of reasons for nearby noise C.transmission of nearby noise D.language to express reaction to nearby noise

A. conditioning to nearby noise

Which of the following accounts for the global popularity of American popular culture? A.diffusion B.discovery C.invention D.counterculture

A. diffusion

Which are the least dependent on instincts for survival? A.human infants B.caterpillars C.fire ants D.bear cubs

A. human infants

By what other name is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis known? A.hypothesis of linguistic reality B.hypothesis of minute recognition C.hypothesis of recurring interaction D.hypothesis of perceptive dependency

A. hypothesis of linguistic reality

In Harry and Margaret Harlow's famous experiment designed to show how socialization affects infant monkeys, which identifies the experimental group? A.isolated infants B.twin infants C.slightly confined infants D.normally socialized infants

A. isolated infants

What is a counterculture? A.a cultural change that runs contrary to the recognized methods of such change within its structure B.a subculture deliberately opposed to certain central beliefs of the dominant culture C.a universal culture that accepts a wide variety of values and activities within its membership D.a diverse culture working to enhance the norms and beliefs that have been stable for a long period of time

B. a subculture deliberately opposed to certain central beliefs of the dominant culture

What is the meaning of the term ethnocentrism? A.cultural patterns practiced by traditional groups, often in isolation B.judging others in terms of one's own cultural standards C.cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population D.ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving that set individuals apart

B. judging others in terms of one's own cultural standards

Which answer choice accurately identifies three of the five key concepts of sociology? A.culture, power, dysfunction B.social structure, culture, functional integration C.power, social action, dramaturgy D.functional integration, culture, abstract

B. social structure, culture, functional integration

Which of the following identifies the most important socialization function served by schools? A.teaching children to be less financially dependent on their parents B.teaching children to be less emotionally dependent on their parents C.giving instruction in research skills to be used throughout education D.presenting great works of literature that teach a variety of life lessons

B. teaching children to be less emotionally dependent on their parents

In the past, guitars and trumpets were not permitted to accompany a choir in church, but this has changed. This change best exemplifies what relationship? A.the relationship between ideal culture and real culture B.the relationship between material culture and nonmaterial culture C.the relationship between culture related to knowledge and culture related to ideas D.the relationship between beliefs related to culture and physical objects related to culture

B. the relationship between material culture and nonmaterial culture

Which best explains why socialization is important? A.to evaluate actions that will guide researchers in ideas related to case studies B.to develop the set of attitudes, beliefs, values, and behaviors associated with being an individual C.to create the group of assets, credentials, and projects needed to complete essential life functions D.to serve as an instrument to gather, analyze, and predict relationships between people in a culture

B. to develop the set of attitudes, beliefs, values, and behaviors associated with being an individual

According to C. Wright Mills, which of the following helps us grasp the connection between history and biography? A.understanding the definition of sociology B.using sociological imagination C.understanding the concept of conformity D.understanding the difference between societal problems and social structure

B. using sociological imagination

Which statement about conflicting theories in sociology is true? A.Conflicting theories arise for a single reason. B.Relativity and quantum theory are weak examples of conflicting theories. C.Conflicting theories can exist at the same time. D.Similar slants on human behavior are generally provided by conflicting theories.

C. Conflicting theories can exist at the same time

What is the relationship between ethnocentrism and globalism? A.Ethnocentrism gave rise to globalism. B.Globalism must be discounted in understanding ethnocentrism. C.Ethnocentrism is almost always in conflict with globalism. D.Globalism constantly attempts to establish links to ethnocentrism.

C. Ethnocentrism is almost always in conflict with globalism.

Of these indicators in the United States, which is the strongest in illustrating that values can be fluid? A.People emphasize that all citizens are entitled to equal rights under the law. B.There is an emphasis on achievement, particularly in the world of work. C.Group superiority is emphasized less today than it has been in the past. D.We place an emphasis on getting things done by the most rational means.

C. Group superiority is emphasized less today than it has been in the past.

Why did George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley believe that groups exist? A.Groups exist only because society tends to seek relative balance. B.Groups exist only because it is easy to divide a whole into its parts. C.Groups exist only because their members influence one another's behavior. D.Groups exist only because constraint and coercion are of primary importance.

C. Groups exist only because their members influence one another's behavior

Which perspective provides the most complete understanding of socialization? A.functionalism B.conflict perspective C.symbolic interactionism D.combination of functionalism and conflict perspective

C. symbolic interactionism

Which best tells why the change to smaller families after the Industrial Revolution helps to explain functionalism? A.New manufactured items eased lives and fulfilled needs in society. B.Society experienced changes it had not experienced in prior decades. C.A change in one part of society led to a change in another part of society. D.The many children that supported farm work were no longer an important family need.

D. The many children that supported farm work were no longer an important family need

Which is the best example of an image that is often presented in a distorted way in mass media? A.There are many types of schools. B.Families always include more than one child. C.Some people have fewer friends than others. D.The work of a police officer is glamorous.

D. The work of a police officer is glamorous.

What is the meaning of the term cultural relevance? A.offering stable norms, values, and beliefs to a variety of specific cultures B.borrowing aspects of one culture to share with members of another culture C.studying members of a specific culture to determine why they belong to the culture D.making sure materials are appropriate for the cultures for which they are intended

D. making sure materials are appropriate for the cultures for which they are intended

According to Lawrence Casler's classic study, how can the growth rate of institutionalized children be improved? A.through a year of intensive therapy B.through additional accommodations C.through living in a room with many infants D.through twenty minutes of extra touching daily

D. through twenty minutes of extra touching daily

Which phrase most closely relates to the term theoretical perspective? A.contributions of each part of a society B.interaction among people living and working together C.items chosen to represent something else D.viewpoints believed to be true and used to organize research

D. viewpoints believed to be true and used to organize research

From what source do physical objects in material culture get their meaning? A.people B.literature C.history D.research

A. people

Which of the following is an example of how material culture can relate to nonmaterial culture? A.students cheating on tests B.buying the newest style of sneakers to look cool C.driving a car faster than the posted speed limit D.taxpayers violating tax laws

B. buying the newest style of sneakers to look cool

How are sociology and anthropology alike? A.Neither focuses on preliterate societies. B.Both focus on industrial societies. C.Neither places an emphasis on artifacts. D.Both concentrate on the study of societies.

D. Both concentrate on the study of societies

Which statement about Harry and Margaret Harlow's isolation experiment is accurate? A.Monkeys consistently preferred the food source. B.Monkeys showed patterns that differed from those of humans. C.The soft dummy drew the most attention from the monkeys. D.The introduction of a rubber snake to induce fear changed results.

C. The soft dummy drew the most attention from the monkeys.

Which statement regarding sociobiologists is accurate? A.They believe that nonhuman animals cannot act on knowledge. B.They believe behaviors that best help people are not biologically based. C.They claim there is no sharp line between human and nonhuman animals. D.They claim that actions beneficial to humans are not transmitted in the genetic code.

C. They claim there is no sharp line between human and nonhuman animals

What usually happens to human babies who are denied close contact for substantial periods of time? A.They overcome the lack of contact by physically moving too close to others. B.They rebel by constantly seeking new people to share their lives. C.They have difficulty forming emotional ties with others. D.They tend to show a greater resistance to illness.

C. They have difficulty forming emotional ties with others.

Which best explains why we have many time-related words in our language? A.The time for communication is essential. B.Time must be quantified for effective work. C.Time is important to the culture in our country. D.Each time-related word has developed from a different idea.

C. Time is important to the culture in our country.

How did Charles Horton Cooley develop the idea of the self-concept? A.from observing children talking at a park B.from watching children participating in sports C.from watching his own children at play D.from observing a friend's children at school

C. from watching his own children at play

According to this lesson, what is the major reason beliefs are important? A.Beliefs provide a foundation for relationships. B.Learning about beliefs is a primary goal of life. C.Discovering new beliefs helps connect us to others. D.People base their behavior on their beliefs.

D. People base their behavior on their beliefs.

Which best explains why exposure to another language or new words can alter perception? A.People work hard to master the new vocabulary. B.People create new hypotheses about a nation. C.People are forced to fulfill specific assignments. D.People learn about experiences that are new to them.

D. People learn about experiences that are new to them.

What is the central question posed by supporters of the conflict perspective? A. "Who gets what?" B."What is it worth?" C."When will we be stable?" D."Why must we learn meaning from others?"

A. Who gets what?

What is the term that identifies a group of people who live in a defined territory and participate in a common culture? A.drive B.society C.gateway D.environment

B. society

Which of the following is an emotional need? A.new clothes B.cell phone C.library card D.affection

D. affection

Which of the following is an integral part of the definition of nonmaterial culture? A.television programs B.music radio C.textbooks D.beliefs

D. beliefs

Who is the primary agent of childhood socialization? A.friends B.teachers C.employers D.family

D. family

Which is one factor sociologists have identified as causing change in social norms over time? A.repression B.drives C.instincts D.incorporation

D. incorporation

What is the term for rules that define behavior? A.sanctions B.taboos C.folkways D.norms

D. norms

Which question relates most closely to the "nature versus nurture" argument? A.Why does genetic inheritance play a role in behavior, and why is this an important role? B.How much of personality is a result of heredity, and how much is the product of the environment? C.When does the influence on human behavior become greatest, and when does it decrease? D.Where do people learn to perform important functions, and where do they think of changing these functions?

B. How much of personality is a result of heredity, and how much is the product of the environment?

What determines the cultural meaning of physical objects? A.their concrete characteristics B.their meaning and use assigned by the culture that created them C.their intangible traits D.their physical characteristics

B. their meaning and use assigned by the culture that created them

What effect may occur when the looking-glass image we have of ourselves becomes distorted? A.We show moderating norms and values. B.Our image may not reflect reality. C.We may come to dislike other people. D.We disregard the viewpoints of other people.

B.Our image may not reflect reality.

What is the purpose of role taking? A.It allows us the resources to determine who our significant others are. B.It allows us the option of reacting to a subconscious response. C.It allows us to see ourselves through the eyes of someone else. D.It allows us to protect ourselves in difficult circumstances.

C. It allows us to see ourselves through the eyes of someone else.

Spouses often appear more attractive to one another than they appear to other people. What is this an example of? A.pattern B.rationale C.perspective D.readjustment

C. perspective

Which represented ethnocentrism at its worst? A.The Civil Rights Movement B.Hitler's Final Solution C.The Great Wall of China D.Hate Crimes Legislation

B. Hitler's Final Solution

What is the term that identifies the knowledge, language, values, customs, and physical objects passed from generation to generation among members of a group? A.evolution B.reflex C.culture D.genetics

C. culture

Which best explains the purpose of desocialization and resocialization in total institutions? A.to study the effects of voluntary changes B.to study the effects of giving up old norms C.to evaluate transition to a new environment D.to permanently change residents

D. to permanently change residents

What are the three sub-stages of adulthood? A.adolescence, middle years, and old age B.early middle years, late middle years, old age C.transitional adulthood, early adulthood, and old age D.transitional adulthood, middle years, and old age

D. transitional adulthood, middle years, and old age

How does applause provide an example of a symbol? A.It has different meanings in different cultures. B.Its meaning is based on physical characteristics. C.It is created by hands loudly clapping together. D.Its sound is extremely loud and noticeable.

A. It has different meanings in different cultures.

What means of communication are designed to reach the general population? A.mass media B.objectives C.exhibits D.primary agents

A. mass media

Which of the following identifies a way that religion is an important agent of socialization? A.Many religious values and ideas of morality have become part of American culture. B.Religious values have only direct effects and are not far-reaching. C.Places of worship are centers of education. D.Religious participation is the child's first experience in self-direction.

A. Many religious values and ideas of morality have become part of American culture.

According to functionalists, why do all complex societies have economies, families, governments, and religions? A.Most aspects of society exist to promote a society's survival and welfare. B.Balance of power has an impact on conflict. C.People's interpretations within society are based on meanings learned from others. D.Society continually experiences many types of change.

A. Most aspects of society exist to promote a society's survival and welfare

What is one example of a subculture? A.San Francisco's Chinatown B.a white supremacist gang C.a prison population D.members of a farming community

A. San Francisco's Chinatown

Which explains the importance of values? A.Values have a great influence on human social behavior because they form the basis for norms. B.The explicit nature of values means they have little involvement in daily life. C.Values are specific and dictate precise ways of thinking, feeling, or behaving. D.It is likely that a wide variety of cultures will have the same values.

A. Values have a great influence on human social behavior because they form the basis for norms.

Which phrase is the best definition of socialization? A.the cultural process of learning to participate in group life B.the human behavior that demonstrates a variety of prohibitions C.the psychological case study that indicates functions of early life D.the accepted method through which people communicate

A. the cultural process of learning to participate in group life

What is your self-concept? A.your image of yourself as having an identity separate from other people B.your knowledge of the life experiences that have made you who you are C.your incorporation of beliefs regarding sociobiology and human nature D.your assessment of your background and interaction with others in your family

A. your image of yourself as having an identity separate from other people

What are symbols? A.exposures to other languages B.influences of culture on society C.things that stand for or represent something else D.ideas, knowledge, and experiences that are communicated

C. things that stand for or represent something else

As discussed in this lesson, which explains Anna's development after she was introduced to a new lifestyle? A.She achieved the intellectual level of her peers. B.Her speech acquisition improved. C.She rose to the emotional level of her peers. D.Her diet remained the same.

B. Her speech acquisition improved.

An important sociological idea states that our perceptions depend in part on the particular language we learn. Since languages differ, perceptions also differ. What is this sociological idea? A.Darwinian Evolution B.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis C.Nacirema Cultural System D.German Closed-Door Policy

B. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Which best explains the relationship between psychology and sociology? A.Both focus primarily on goods and services. B.Sociology focuses on the group, while psychology focuses on the individual. C.Both focus primarily on the interaction between human populations. D.Both focus on the theory of government.

B. Sociology focuses on the group, while psychology focuses on the individual

Which statement about folkways and mores is accurate? A.Mores are norms of slight moral significance and are not vital to the welfare of a society. B.Various practices of a culture do not depend on gender, age, or class. C.Although following folkways is generally a matter of personal choice, conformity to mores is a social requirement. D.Folkways do not cover ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving, and folkways lack moral overtones.

C.Although following folkways is generally a matter of personal choice, conformity to mores is a social requirement.

Which is one of the three assumptions central to symbolic interactionism? A.We learn the meanings of symbols, and then we apply these symbols to other cultures. B.We use a symbol to determine ways to view conflict, and then we can avoid conflict. C.We learn the meanings of symbols only from the government. D.We use the meaning of symbols to imagine how others will respond to our behavior.

D. We use the meaning of symbols to imagine how others will respond to our behavior

What likely accounted for the difference in the progress between Anna and Isabelle, in the case studies discussed in this chapter? A.When older, Anna had a more aggressive course of therapy than Isabelle experienced. B.The girls' diets were quite similar when they lived in isolation during their younger years. C.School experiences offered a disparity in learning environments for the girls. D.When young, Isabelle had more contact with her mother than Anna did.

D. When young, Isabelle had more contact with her mother than Anna did.

Which statement identifies a way peer groups contribute to a child's socialization? A.by limiting experience in self-direction B.by slowing development of social flexibility C.by allowing time alone to think and explore feelings D.by providing experience with competition and cooperation

D. by providing experience with competition and cooperation

Which is part of the three-stage process that gives rise to the ability for role taking? A.the "I" stage B.the diversion stage C.the "me" stage D.the imitation stage

D. the imitation stage

During resocialization, which is likely to occur in cases of nonconforming individuals? A.people decide to join new peer groups B.people lose special privileges C.people maintain their self-concept D.people enhance their identity

B. people lose special privileges

What is the primary goal of a hospice? A.to provide a place where a person can go when anticipating death B.to provide comfort to people during the living-dying interval C.to provide medicine needed by a person who is anticipating death D.to provide economic stability for people during the living-dying interval

B.to provide comfort to people during the living-dying interval

Why does anticipatory socialization rarely occur in prisons or in mental institutions? A.It fails to prepare individuals for new attitudes. B.It is particularly effective with adolescents. C.It relates to entrenched norms. D.It involves voluntary change.

D. It involves voluntary change.

What is the most important factor involved in anticipatory socialization? A.involuntary change B.forced change C.incarceration D.voluntary change

D. voluntary change