Software Quality
What is generally NOT included in a test specification?
A schedule
What is the drawback or possible weakness of the All Pairs Testing approach?
Defects in the tested function dependent on 3 or more input variables might be missed.
Which software process models can be a DIRECT mapping of the Deming cycle?
Spiral & scrum
You are testing a multiplayer game by increasing the number of players in the game to find the point at which the system fails. What sort of testing is this?
Stress Test
Statement Coverage
This criteria requires sufficient test cases for each program statement to be executed at least once; however, its achievement is insufficient to provide confidence in a software product's behavior.
R Chart
chart to observe the dispersion in process performance across samples when the sample size is 8
Integration Test
verifies that an application works with other applications and that incrementally tests a system as subsystems are sequentially added
cin >> x >> y >> z; if ( x > 2 && y == 0 ) z = z - x; if ( z <= 0 || y > 1 ) z = z + 1; return z; We need only test to satisfy statement coverage. What is the path predicate for this test?
x > 2 && y == 0 && z <= x
For a software system, there are 3 inputs A, B and C. A has 5 possible values, B has 4 possible values, and C has 3 possible values. How many test cases will be generated using strong normal equivalence class testing technique?
60
Which of the following is a technique used to conserve storage in CM systems. This was particularly important for early systems when disk storage cost over $10 a MB. A) storing deltas B) storing baselines C) creating variants D) allowing multiple concurrent E) check outs F) storing branches
A
Which of the following is NOT a major component of Quality Cost? A) The loss of market share due to customer unsatisfactory B) The cost of applying configuration management procedures C) The cost of staff scrum training D) The cost of coding E) The cost of testing F) The cost of fixing defects
C
MC/DC Coverage
Make sure every leaf predicate can independently affect the decision
What contradicts the goals of Deming's 14 Quality Principles?
Numerical goals are a good idea, as people are driven to exceed these goals, and thus actual quality and productivity will always improve. Training is not important, as it takes valuable time away from development and testing.
Which of the following input types is NOT suitable to use boundary value analysis technique?
PIN numbers Answer Checkboxes Transaction types
Which is the correct order of the phases of the Deming Cycle for continuous process improvement?
Plan, do, check, act
What should be included in a software quality assurance plan?
Resources needed for all QA activities, Quality goals, What QA activities should be performed
Soak Testing
Running a system at high load for a prolonged period of time. For example, running several times more transactions in an entire day (or night) than would be expected in a busy day, to identify and performance problems that appear after a large number of transactions have been executed.
Regression Testing
The process of testing changes to computer programs to make sure that the older programming still works with the new changes, often done at night
What way is/are used to prevent defects, as opposed to detecting them?
Training Engineers & Continuous Process Improvement
What is the difference between verification and validation?
Validation you ask yourself: Are we building the system right? Verification you ask yourself: Are we building the right system?
Which of the following describe(s) the difference(s) between Configuration Management (CM) and Version Control (VC)?
Version Control is a subset of Configuration Management. Version Control manages the storage of different versions of documents and controls the changes to documents to produce new versions. Configuration Management involves coordinating software development, and controlling the change and evolution of software products and components.
A software program accepts two inputs, Age and Gender, and gives recommendations on the types of multi-vitamins a person should take. Babies under 2 years old should take V-D3; kids between 2 and 12 should take V-Gummy; women under 50 should take V-W and 50 or older should take V-W50+; men under 50 should take V-M and 50 or older should take V-M50+. If we perform all-pairs strategy on strong robust equivalence class testing, how many test cases are we going to save?
0
Fill in the blank with only one word: [ 0 ] Make errors, which create [ 1 ] in software. The execution of [ 2 ] may lead to [ 3 ]
0. People 1. Faults 2. Faults 3. Failures
In a testing situation, if we have 5 input variables, A, B, C, D and E. Each of input variables has 10 equivalence classes. Equivalence classes for A are {a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10}, for B are {b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, b10}, and likewise for C, D, and E. The system being tested is defective in handling any input that contains both d1 and e1. What is the probability of detecting the defect by randomly selecting one test case from the test set generated using all pair strategy? If necessary, you can use calculator. Please give the exact number instead of any math formula. Use decimal value instead of percentage.
0.001
In a testing situation, if we have 5 input variables, A, B, C, D and E. Each of input variables has 10 equivalence classes. Equivalence classes for A are {a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10}, for B are {b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, b10}, and likewise for C, D, and E. The system being tested is defective in handling any input that contains both d1 and e1. What is the probability of detecting the defect by randomly selecting one test case? If necessary, you can use calculator. Please give the exact number instead of any math formula. Use decimal value instead of percentage.
0.01
In a testing situation, if we have 5 input variables, A, B, C, D and E. Each of input variables has 10 equivalence classes. Equivalence classes for A are {a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10}, for B are {b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, b10}, and likewise for C, D, and E. How many test cases do we need if we apply all-pair strategy instead of all-combination? If necessary, you can use calculator. Please give the exact number instead of any math formula.
1000
In a testing situation, if we have 5 input variables, A, B, C, D and E. Each of input variables has 10 equivalence classes. Equivalence classes for A are {a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10}, for B are {b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, b10}, and likewise for C, D, and E. How many total different tests sets are needed to test all possible input combinations? If necessary, you can use calculator. Please give the exact number instead of any math formula.
100000
For a software system, there are 3 inputs A, B and C. A has 5 possible values, B has 4 possible values, and C has 3 possible values. How many test cases will be generated using strong robust equivalence class testing technique?
120
A software program accepts two inputs, Age and Gender, and gives recommendations on the types of multi-vitamins a person should take. Babies under 2 years old should take V-D3; kids between 2 and 12 should take V-Gummy; women under 50 should take V-W and 50 or older should take V-W50+; men under 50 should take V-M and 50 or older should take V-M50+. How many test cases do you need for strong robust equivalence class testing?
18
A software program accepts two inputs, Age and Gender, and gives recommendations on the types of multi-vitamins a person should take. Babies under 2 years old should take V-D3; kids between 2 and 12 should take V-Gummy; women under 50 should take V-W and 50 or older should take V-W50+; men under 50 should take V-M and 50 or older should take V-M50+. If you are applying robust boundary value analysis on input variable Age, how many age values do you need to test?
19
For the following piece of code, assume A, B, and C are all Boolean variables. if ( A && B || C ) cout << "yeah!"; How many different sets of tests can you generate to satisfy MC/DC with the minimum number of tests?
3
Given the following code: cin >> x >> y >> z; if ( x > 2 && y == 0 ) z = z - x; if ( z <= 0 || y > 1 ) z = z + 1; return z; What is the minimum number of tests we need to satisfy condition coverage?
3
A software program accepts two inputs, Age and Gender, and gives recommendations on the types of multi-vitamins a person should take. Babies under 2 years old should take V-D3; kids between 2 and 12 should take V-Gummy; women under 50 should take V-W and 50 or older should take V-W50+; men under 50 should take V-M and 50 or older should take V-M50+. In terms of age, how many normal equivalence classes can you identify?
4
For a software system, there are 3 inputs A, B and C. A has 5 possible values, B has 4 possible values, and C has 3 possible values. How many test cases will be generated using weak normal equivalence class testing technique?
5
Given the following code: cin >> x >> y >> z; if ( x > 2 && y == 0 ) z = z - x; if ( z <= 0 || y > 1 ) z = z + 1; return z; If we want to satisfy all-p uses coverage, how many definition-p use pairs do we need to cover?
5
For the following piece of code, assume A, B, C, D and E are all Boolean variables. What is the minimum number of tests to satisfy MC/DC coverage? if ( A && B && C && D && E ) cout << "Wow!";
6
Given the following code: cin >> x >> y >> z; if ( x > 2 && y == 0 ) z = z - x; if ( z <= 0 || y > 1 ) z = z + 1; return z; If we want to satisfy all-c uses coverage, how many definition-c use pairs do we need to cover?
6
For a software system, there are 3 inputs A, B and C. A has 5 possible values, B has 4 possible values, and C has 3 possible values. How many test cases will be generated using weak robust equivalence class testing technique?
8
Which of the following is an incorrect statement about variations? A) Common cause variations are common across all processes. B) Special cause variations are outliner that alerts us for further analysis of their causes. C) Assignable variations usually means opportunity for improvements. D) Chance variations are inherit in the system.
A
Which of the following statements about configuration auditing is NOT true? A) Functional configuration auditing and physical configuration auditing must be applied at all key phases of the development process. B) Reviews can be applied as auditing activities. C) Functional configuration auditing is usually performed before Physical configuration auditing. D) It validates whether the system is built according to the requirements.
A
With respect to software quality, which of the following best describes "Prevention"? A) Avoid defects by following solid software engineering methods and use of standards, tools, and processes. B) Develop requirements based on what the customer really needs from the system. C) Find defects in a system via reviews, inspections, testing, walkthroughs and/or customer reports. D) Design and implement systems that satisfy the user requirements.
A
Which of the following options best describes the configuration baseline? A) There can be one and only one baseline during the software life cycle. B) It serves as a point of departure for future changes. C) It is a fixed reference configuration.
A & C
Beta Testing
A process that releases commercial software in development to a cross-section of typical users who evaluate the program and report any problems or "bugs" in the software before it is released to the public.
Which of the following tools can be used for problem identification? A) Bar Chart B) Run Chart C) Fishbone Diagram D) Scatter Diagram
A, B & C
Which of the following are SCM activities? Select all that apply. A) Tracking bugs and fixes B) Access and retrieve software C) design test cases D) the compile and build process
A, B & D
For the following piece of code, assume A, B, and C are all Boolean variables. Find the minimum number of tests to satisfy MC/DC coverage. (Use c++ operator precedence rules.) if ( A && B || C ) cout << "yeah!";
A=True, B=True, C=False A=True, B=False, C=False A=False, B=True, C=False A=False, B=True, C=True
What are the benefits of using a distributed version control system compared to using a centralized version control system?
Access the repository faster because no network is required and more resistant to server failure because there are many of "central" repositories
If a program is causing memory leaks, what most likely the problem?
An object isn't being deleted
What is quality assurance? A. Getting the software right. B. The set of support activities needed to provide adequate confidence that processes are established and continuously improved in order to produce products that meet specifications and are fit for use. C. The inspection/assessment activity that verifies compliance with plans, policies and procedures. D. The process by which product quality is compared with applicable standards and the action is taken when non-conformance is detected.
B
Which of the following is NOT an SCI (Software Configuration Item)? A) prototypes of the project B) Windows 10 operating system C) test cases D) configuration management plan for the project E) CASE tools used in the project
B
Which of the following is something the requirements should not cover? A. Function B. Implementation C. Environment and interfaces D. Performance
B
Which type of testing assumes NO knowledge of the code, architecture, or implementation?
Black box testing
A conservative process (one which minimizes possible problems relating to merging of changes to the same function) for modifying a file that is under configuration control would include what?
Check out, Lock, Modify, Test, and Check in and Unlock
Which of the following types of testing is most commonly considered white box? A) integration test B) alpha test C) system test D) unit test
D
T or F: Change Control Board will meet regularly to review all proposed change requests. This is also the group who initiates the change impact analysis.
F
T or F: Decision coverage guarantees condition coverage.
F
Both bar chart and histogram can be used to organize data based on frequency of occurrence. Which one should you use to describe the incomes of people of different age?
Histogram
What characteristics pertain to a control chart?
It is pretty difficult to apply control chart directly in software lifecycle due to the special features of software process. If a sample falls under the lower control limit, the process is out of control. We need to monitor the deviations of both the center and variation of each sample to decide whether a process is under control.
What is/are the uses of a Fishbone diagram?
Produce a candidate list of possible factors (causes) that influence a situation (effects)
What are the differences between quality control and quality assurance?
Quality assurance is all about prevention, quality control is all about detection
T or F: Access control is part of CM team's job.
T
T or F: All-p use coverage guarantees decision coverage.
T
T or F: If you can design a set of test inputs to show each condition can independently affect the decision, the same set of tests will also satisfy both condition and decision coverage.
T
T or F: Unit test can be part of the detailed design document.
T
What is/are important differences between a Test Plan and Test Specification?
Test Plans define what resources will be needed to complete testing and Test Specifications contain the test cases
Which of the following is/are QA's role in the software life cycle?
Testing Configuration Management Build Control Process Cops
Configuration Testing
Testing of an application on all supported hardware and software platforms. This may include various combinations of hardware types, configuration settings, and software versions.
If during structural/coverage testing, a lot of code is not hit, it might mean what?
The test cases are not covering all of the requirements
Condition Coverage
This criteria requires sufficient test cases for each condition in a program decision to take on all possible outcomes at least once. It differs from branch coverage only when multiple conditions must be evaluated to reach a decision.
A software company is trying to monitor whether the amount of failure reports is stable for one particular software product. They collected data for 2 consecutive years. Each month, they randomly selected 10 days to record the number of failure reports submitted. Base on this sampling plan, X-bar chart and S chart should be used to monitor the process.
Xbar & S chart
When programming in small teams, 2-5 people, CM systems should or shouldn't be used?
Yes, they should be used
Fishbone diagram
a visual aid that helps organize cause and effect relationships for "things gone wrong" best for organizing/sorting issues so that you can see which issues are most important to study
XmR
chart to use when we can only take single measurement within each sample
Identify the categories of the given software quality assurance activities [categories: project life cycle, quality management, infrastructural error prevention and improvement] configuration management software maintenance software testing software quality metrics
configuration management-infra. error prevention software maintenance-proj software testing-proj software quality metrics-quality
Stress Testing
determines what happens on your web site when greater numbers of users access the site
Control Chart
diagram contains specification limits, monitors how well a process is performing, and in advanced applications can be used to predict and control future performance of a process
Scatter Diagram
diagram useful for determining if there is a relationship between two variables, for instance minutes studied and quiz grade?
A software company keeps seeing failure to meet the deadline of product delivery. They hire you as a SPC consultant. What type of cause-effect diagram will you use to explore the causes of this problem?
dispersion analysis
Use a MATH relation to describe the relationship between Quality Cost and Cost of Quality: Cost of Quality is a [ ] of Quality Cost
subset
