Solid State - Chapter 16

Floating input

Digital input that is not a true high or low at all times

current

Fan-out depends on the amount of _______ a gate can source or sink while driving other gates

pins

ICs are powered and interconnected with other components through ______

Complementary Metal-Oxides Semiconductor Logic (CMOS)

ICs use complementary and symmetrical pairs of MOSFETS

Clocks

Pulse generators used to drive and synchronize digital circuits. Outputs highs and Lows, one after another, in a carefully timed sequence called a pulse

Linear IC

Integrated circuit that produces and output signal proportional to the applied input signal and is used to provide amplification and regulation functions.

leading edge

Left hand edge of a pulse

Buffer Gate

Logic gate consisting of two NOT gates connected together so that the output of one is fed into the input of the other. Each gate acts as an amplifier and increases the output signal. Symbol is similar to that of a NOT gate, but without the symbol

XOR (Exclusive OR) Gate

Logic gate that provides logic level 1 only if one input is at logic level 1. Represented by a symbol with a curved line at the inputs.

NAND Gate

Logic gate used in applications that require an output to turn off only if all the input conditions are met

Trailing edge

Right hand edge of a pulse

Fan-out

Number of loads that can be driven by the output of a logic gate

Analog signal

Output signal of circuits with continuously changing quantities that may have any value between the defined limits. Quantities such as temperature, speed, voltage, current, and frequency are common

Integrated Circuit (IC)

AKA chip. electronic device in which all components are contains in a single package. Used to process and store information in electronics.

Binary signal

Signal that has only two states, high and low. 0 (low) and 1 (high)

50%

Today, it is more common to measure pulse width between the ____% points of the pulse

True

True/False - A floating input should not occur in a digital circuit because it causes intermittent problems in circuit operation, such as false counts into a counter and false input signals

True

True/False - A gate that exceeds its fan-out may have a weak signal source. A weak signal source may be boosted with a buffer gate, which has a high fan-out capability

False - normally 5V but may range from 2.4 to 5V

True/False - A high binary signal is normally 24V but may range from 12V to 24V

False - milliamperes

True/False - Logic gates are used to perform required logic functions. They can handle on small amounts of current, usually only a few amperes.

False - Fan-out

True/False - The amount of power a gate can deliver is determined by the contactor size

True

True/False - The more complicated the circuitry of an IC, the more pins it will require

True

True/False - a low binary signal is normally 0V but may range from 0 to 0.8V

pull-up and pull-down resistors

Used to force logic gate inputs or outputs either high or low when the logic circuit does not specify a state

AND, OR, NOT, NOR, AND NAND

What are the five basic logic gates

Digital ICs

What are the most widely used ICs?

Digital and Linear

What are the two basic types of Integrated Circuits (ICs)

OP AMP

What is the most common type of linear IC

XOR GATE

What logic gate is used in applications where the flow of two or more products into a common point must be controlled

Buffer Gate

What logic gate is used when one inverter gate does not provide enough of a signal to drive a load.

NOR GATE

What type of logic gate is used in applications that require an output to turn off f any one of the input conditions is above a set limit, such as excessive temperature, pressure, or current

Paralell

When sending data, which is faster, Serial or Parallel communication?

Converters

When working with analog and digital signals, these are used to convert from one type of signal to the other.

duty cycle

amount of time a pulse is ON during a given period; expressed as a percentage. The long a pulse is ON, the greater the amount of average current for which a power supply must be designed

pulse width

amount of time a pulse is present, or ON

bit

binary digit of either 0 or 1

Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL)

family of digital circuits built from bipolar junction transistors and resistors. Supply voltage for these are 5 VDC +/- 0.25 V

byte

group of 8 bits

Digital IC

integrated circuit that processes finite (zero and maximum) signal levels. Used to perform mathematic, decision, and logic function such as AND, NAND, and NOT.

NAND (Negated AND) Gate

logic gate designed to provide logic level 0 only if all inputs are at logic level 1. Represented by a symbol followed by a small circle, which represents an inversion of the output.

AND GATE

logic gate that provide logic level 1 only if all inputs are at logic level 1. Normally referred to by their number of inputs

NOT (inverter) gate

logic gate that provides and output that is opposite of the input. Simplest gate with respect to inputs and outputs

OR GATE

logic gate that provides logic level 1 if at least one input is at logic level 1. Normally referred to by their number of inputs like AND Gates.

NOR (Negated OR) GATE

logic gate that provides logic level 1 only if all inputs are at logic level 0. Represented by a symbol followed by a small circle which indicates and inversion of the output

serial communication

method of communication that involves sending bits of data one bit at a time.

Parallel communication

method of communication that involves sending several bits of data at the same time

pulse repetition rate

number of pulses during one second in a steady pulse train; measured in pulses per second (PPS)

Digital signal

output signal of specific quantities that change in discrete increments, such as seconds, minutes, and hours. Considered to be either on or off

Pulse amplitude

peak to peak voltage in a pulse

Pull-up resistor

resistor that has one side connected to a power supply at all times and the other side connected to a gate input or output

pull-down resistor

resistor that has one side connected to circuit ground a all times and the other side connected to a gate input or output

pulse train

series of pulses that is typically plotted on a graph representing voltage versus time

Dual In-Line Package (DIP) Switch

switch that is a group of tiny switches that are packaged together for placement on a PC board. Consist of slide switches that have to possible positions: ON and OFF. May be used to control various electronic devices including remote controls, and computer motherboards

Fall time

time during which the voltage at the trailing edge of a pulse decreases from 90% to 10% of its steady maximum value

pulse interval

time elapsed between the beginning of one pulse and the beginning of the next pulse

pulse separation

time elapsed between the end of one pulse and the beginning of the next pulse

Rise time

time required for a pulse to rise from 10% to 90% of its final steady value. Measure of steepness of the leading edge of the wave