SPC 205 Mid term

In a preparation outline, main points are identified by capital letters.

False

The following visual aid is an example of a _____ graph.

line pie bar chart

One of the challenges facing real-time online speakers is that they must learn a software program designed for such speeches-and be able to operate is flawlessly during the speech.

True

Using visual aids can help a speaker combat stage fright.

True

Sloppy ____________ is the failure to form particular speech sounds crisply and distinctly.

articulation

When a speaker uses a _____ ending, the speech builds in force until it reaches a zenith of power and intensity.

crescendo

If you were giving an informative speech on the subject of troglodytes, you would probably include a _____ in your introduction.

definition

In a speaking outline, words such as "pause," "faster here," and "slow down" are _____ that help a speaker remember how she or he wants to present key parts of the speech.

delivery cues

A _____ ending is a type of speech conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement.

dissolve

According to your textbook, the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being is called

egocentrism

Which of the following statement about online speeches is true?

maintain eye contact; speak clearly; rehearse just as much as in-person speech

_____ is the lowness or highness of the speaker's voice

pitch

A _____ outline is a detailed outline developed during the planning stage of a speech.

preparation

A _____ outline is a brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech.

speaking

According to your textbook, online speakers should avoid using visual aids.

False

Although the specific purpose statement for a speech should not be phrased as a question, it is acceptable to phrase the central idea as a question.

False

Distributing handouts is usually an excellent way to present visual aids during a speech.

False

The primary rule of using gestures in a speech is to gesture frequently and emphatically so that listeners notice what you are doing.

False

When giving an online presentation, you should speak with your back to a window so there will be plenty of light.

False

In an online speech you have essentially the same relationship with your audience as in an in-person speech.

False

One key to successful speaking is determining which audiences are worthy of your best efforts to communicate your ideas.

False

Taking account of your listeners' racial, ethnic, or cultural background is an important factor in situational audience analysis.

False

The conclusion should normally make up about to 20 to 25 percent of your speech.

False

When giving an online speech, you should talk directly into the computer monitor because that is where the webcam is located.

False

Public speaking and ordinary conversation are similar in that both involve adapting to listener feedback.

True

Public speaking has been taught and studied for thousands of years

True

Speechmaking becomes more complex as cultural diversity increases.

True

When delivering a speech, you should display visual aids only while discussing them.

True

_____ are discussed in your textbook as elements of the visual environment for online speeches

framing, eye contact and lighting

when preparing a speaking outline, you should

Give yourself cues for delivering the speech

The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker are called _____

feedback

The knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes through which each listener filters a message makes up the listener's _____

frame of reference

A preparation outline should include

a bibliography

Audience-centeredness involves keeping your audience foremost in mind

at every step of speech preparation and presentation

_____ is the audience's perception of whether the speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.

credibility

"Conversational quality" refers to speech delivery that sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed.

True

A pie graph should ideally have from two to five segments

True

As a general rule, the larger your audience is, the more formal your speech presentation should be.

True

Avoiding ethnocentrism is important for listeners as well as for speakers.

True

Good delivery does not call attention to itself.

True

Which of the following is likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?

Visualize yourself giving a strong speech, focus on communicating rather than on being nervous, be thoroughly prepared for each speech

A _____ is a list of the sources used in a preparing a speech

a bibliography

In which of the following situations will the personal appearance of the speaker have an impact on the audience's perception of the speaker?

a police officer presenting an educational talk a concerned citizen being interviewed on the news a lawyer addressing a jury

A preparation outline should include

a specific purpose statement a central idea connectives

Dolores is preparing visual aids for her speech about resources available to the Latino/Latina community and has decided to use a handout. When should she distribute it?

after the speech

_____ is a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas

brainstorming

Research has demonstrated that visual aids, when used well, can increase a speaker's

clarity confidence credibility

Which of the following is included in your textbook as a guideline for effective online speaking?

control the visual environment adapt your nonverbal communication adjust your pacing

When you advocate a highly unpopular position, it is particularly important to ____________ in the introduction of your speech.

establish goodwill toward the audience

A(n) _____ speech is a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.

extemporaneous

When using presentation technology, you should

give yourself extra time for preparation and rehearsal. check the equipment ahead of time to make sure it is working properly. make sure your text and images are easy for everyone in your audience to see.

_____ is the audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind.

goodwill

A(n) _____ speech is delivered with little or no immediate preparation.

impromptu

_____ are changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker's voice

inflections

When your general purpose is to ____________, you act as a teacher or lecturer.

inform

When gauging your audience's disposition toward the speech topic, you should take into account their

interest in the topic knowledge about the topic attitude toward the topic

What is a major factor to consider when deciding whether to use an object as a visual aid?

its size

Identify the flaw in the following central idea for a speech: "Something should be done about rising sea level."

its vague

If you were delivering a speech about unemployment and wanted to show changes in the unemployment rate over the last decade, you should use a ____________ graph.

line

As your textbook explains, upon reaching the lectern to start a speech, you should

make eye contact with your listeners

Violating the accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language is an error in ____________.

pronounciation

The two major kinds of speeches discussed in the chapter are _____ online speeches and _____ online speeches.

recorded real-time

The _____ is what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech.

residual message

A _____ is a question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud.

rhetorical question

What does critical thinking include?

seeing the relationships among ideas, judging the credibility of statements, assessing the soundness of evidence

What should public speakers do to avoid ethnocentrism?

show respect for the cultures of the people they address

If you want to use a photograph as a visual aid for a speech, your textbook recommends that you

show the photograph to the audience by using presentation technology

What five elements of speech delivery are discussed in this chapter with regard to presenting your first speech?

1. Starting your speech 2. Gestures 3. Eye contact 4. Voice 5. Dealing with nerves

What method of delivery does this chapter recommend for your introductory speech?

Extemporaneous

Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: "Why should the university raise tuition?"

It's expressed as a question

Identify the flaw in the following central idea for a speech: "Something should be done about rising sea level."

It's too vague

As Mark Twain noted, "The right word may be effective, but no word was ever as effective as a rightly timed ____________."

Pause

According to your textbook, which of the following is a factor in situational audience analysis?

the size of the audience

When practicing your speech delivery, you should do all the following except

try to learn your speech word for word

For real-time online speeches, you should usually sit

two to three feet from the camera, so the audience can see you from the chest up

What steps should you take when rehearsing your first speech?

1. Rehearse out loud and master the content 2. Ask family or friends to listen and to give constructive feedback 3. Time your speech and be certain it is neither too short or too long 4. Keep practicing even if you mess up

_____ is a variety of a language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary.

A dialect

_____ is the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.

Ethnocentrism

Adapting your message to the needs of a particular audience means that you must inevitably compromise your beliefs.

False

Audience analysis is less important for online speeches that for speeches delivered to an audience that is physically present.

False

Because of the dynamic nature of the online environment, speakers can rest assured that the audience will pay close attention to their online speech.

False

In a preparation outline, you should state your main points in brief phrases.

False

It is crucial to fit all the information you want your audience to retain on a single chart.

False

Listeners usually realize how tense a speaker is.

False

Most successful speakers do not experience stage fright?

False

One advantage of using video in a speech is that it involves less work than other kinds of visual aids.

False

The best rate for effective public speaking is 110 words per minute.

False

The central idea of a speech is usually formulated before the specific purpose.

False

When preparing a visual aid, you should use ALL CAPS because it is easier to read.

False

When preparing charts and graphs, you should use a large number of colors in order to grab your audience's attention.

False

When selecting a title for your speech, you should avoid phrasing it as a question.

False

When you give a real-time online speech, you should position the webcam so it is tilted up at your face.

False

While listening to a speech about gun control, Scott thought back to his experiences as an intern with the police department and decided that the speaker was knowledgeable about the subject. What was Scott doing?

Filtering the message through his frame of reference

"Do you think gun control is a workable solution to the problem of violence in U.S. schools?" is an example of a(n) _____ question.

Fix-alternative

According to your textbook, _____ is anything that impedes the communication of a message.

Interference

Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: "To persuade my audience that our state legislature should protect Internet privacy and increase spending for education."

It contains two unrelated ideas.

Below is a main point, a subpoint, and two sub-subpoints from a preparation outline about acoustical engineering. Which is the subpoint?

Noise control is an issue both for indoor and outdoor settings.

_____ is controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for his or her presentation

Positive nervousness

Questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers are called ____

Scale

What is the central idea of a speech with the following main points? I. Isabel Baumfree was born into slavery in the state of New York during the 1790s II. After undergoing a conversation experience and changing her name to Sojourner Truth, she began preaching during he 1840s. III. Over the next few decades, she became a celebrated speaker for various reform causes.

Sojourner Truth was born into slavery, underwent a conversion experience and became a speaker for various reform causes.

_____ is anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience

Stage fright

Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline?

The history of the bagpipe dates to ancient Greece.

Because each person has a different frame of reference, the meaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to the speaker.

True

Because people have different frames of reference, a public speaker must take care to adapt her or his message to the particular audiences being addressed

True

Even if the audience already knows your speech topic, you should usually restate it clearly and concisely at some point in the introduction.

True

Even though a speaking outline should be kept as brief as possible, you should usually write out quotations in full.

True

Even though the Internet is often informal, you should dress as professionally for an online speech as for an in-person one.

True

In a preparation outline, main points and subpoints should be written as full sentences.

True

In a preparation outline, the most important ideas are placed farthest to the left and the less important ideas are placed progressively farther to the right.

True

It is normal - even desirable - to be nervous at the start of a speech

True

Presenting a speech online is more challenging and time-consuming than delivering an in-person speech.

True

Research shows that speakers in the United States who fail to establish eye contact may be seen by listeners as insincere or even dishonest

True

Sometimes you can use your own body as a visual aid.

True

The central idea for a speech should be stated as a full sentence.

True

Usually you should use only two fonts on any single PowerPoint slide—one for the title or major headings, another for subtitles or other text.

True

You should usually work out the exact wording of the introduction after you have finished preparing the body of your speech.

True

The _____ is a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the main points of a speech.

central idea

Controlling the visual environment of an online speech includes

choosing a setting that is free of noise and clutter checking the location of your webcam taking your personal appearance seriously

One of the advantages of using the extemporaneous method of delivery is that it

encourages conversational quality

When organizing your introductory speech, you should divide it into what three sections?

introduction, body, and conclusion.

Dr. Kristin Lutz is preparing an informative talk about the genetic relationship between twins for a group of expectant parents. The most important factor Dr. Lutz should consider when analyzing her audience is probably its

knowledge of the topic

When you end your speech, you should

maintain eye contact for a few moments after you stop talking. collect your notes and any visual aids you may have used. maintain a cool, collected demeanor as you return to your seat

When accuracy is essential and a speech must be delivered word for word, ____________ delivery is most appropriate.

manuscript

Speakers who lack vocal variety are said to speak in a ___________.

monotone

_______________ is based on a person's use of voice and body rather than on the use of words.

nonverbal communication

When you want to change or structure the attitudes of your audience, your general purpose is to _____.

persuade

A direct appeal to your audience for action is most appropriate in the conclusion of a(n) _____

persuasive

What two major steps are discussed in this chapter for developing your introductory speech?

preparing your speech and delivering your speech

A _____ identifies the main points to be discussed in the body of the speech.

preview statement

The _____ is usually the last element of a speech introduction and provides a smooth lead-in to the body of the speech.

preview statement

A _____ online speech may be viewed initially by an in-person audience, but it is designed ultimately to be uploaded for viewing on the Internet - as, for example, in a TED talk.

recorded

An excellent way to give you your speech psychological unity is to conclude by

referring to ideas in the introduction

An excellent way to give your speech psychological unity is to conclude by

referring to ideas in the introduction

As your textbook explains, even when you use other interest-arousing lures in a speech introduction, you should always _____.

relate the topic to the audience

Possible sources of interference in online speeches include

someone entering the room where the audience is located bandwidth congestion on the audience's computers updates arriving on your computer during the speech

"The persuade my audience that the U.S. space program provides many important benefits to people here on earth" is an example of a(n)

specific purpose statement

The _____ is a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in her or his speech.

specific purpose statement

The _____ refers to the onscreen elements seen by the audience during an online speech

visual environment

The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline shows the _____ of the speech.

visual framework

_____ is mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation.

visualization

The primary purpose of speechmaking is to

gain a desired response from listeners

Changes in a speaker's rate, pitch, and volume are referred to as

vocal variety

Which recommendation is a way to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?

Work especially hard on your speech introduction

Mayor Kathleen Baldwin has been asked to address the Wakefield Community Association about the issue of constructing a swimming pool in the neighborhood. The most important factor Baldwin should consider when analyzing her audience is probably its

attitude toward the topic

A speech title should

be brief. encapsulate the main thrust of your speech. attract the attention of your audience.

A _____ online speech is created for an audience that will view it online as it is being delivered, often using software designed specifically for that purpose.

real-time